等碳量添加生物炭和秸秆对烟田土壤呼吸及净碳收支的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.24054

Abstract

Abstract:

To clarify the carbon sequestration effect of biochar, straw and their combined application in tobacco field, the effects of biochar and straw addition on soil respiration and carbon budget of tobacco ecosystem were explored. From 2020 to 2021, four treatments including conventional fertilization (CK), conventional fertilization +2.25 t hm^-2 biochar-C (T1), conventional fertilization +2.25 t hm^-2 straw-C (T2), and conventional fertilization +1.125 t hm^-2biochar-C + 1.125 t hm^-2 straw-C (T3) were conducted to measure soil respiration and main environmental factors of soil, soil carbon increment, carbon sequestration of net primary productivity of crops and carbon emissions caused by agricultural production. The results showed that the cumulative carbon emissions from soil respiration during the growth period of flue-cured tobacco treated with straw, straw and biochar were significantly higher than that of the control (P < 0.05), and the increase ranges were 21.40%-35.45% and 5.90%-9.89%, respectively. Compared with the control, the proportion of soil autotrophic respiration increased by 6.35%-7.34% and 3.21%-5.97% in the treatment of adding biochar and straw, respectively. The combined application of biochar and straw increased by 3.91% in 2021 compared with the control. The addition of biochar and straw increased the soil temperature and moisture during the growth period, and soil water content increased significantly by 1.93% to 7.07% under biochar treatment alone. Among the main environmental factors in soil, soil temperature had the greatest impact on soil respiration rate. Soil respiration rate was significantly positively correlated with soil temperature. There was a significant positive correlation between soil respiration rate and soil moisture in the treatment of adding straw, biochar, and straw. The carbon sequestration of ecosystem treated by all exogenous additives was positive, which was expressed as “carbon sink”. The addition of biochar could not only increase the carbon sequestration of net primary productivity (NPP) and soil carbon sequestration, but also reduce the cumulative carbon emissions of soil respiration in tobacco growing season, and the “carbon sink” ability was the strongest. Therefore, the application of biochar was the best way to reduce the carbon emission of soil respiration, which could enhance the “carbon sink” capacity of tobacco ecosystem.

Key words: biochar, straw, soil respiration, carbon budget

FU Yun-Peng, LIU Tian, LI Yao-Xin, LIU Yuan-Bo, WANG Jing, JIN Jia-Wei, JIANG Wei-Feng, LIU Yong-Yan, YANG Yang, YUN Fei. Effects of adding biochar and straw with equal carbon content on soil respiration and net carbon budget in tobacco field[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2023, 49(5): 1386-1396.

Figures/Tables 7

Table 1

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Table 2

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Table 3

Table 4

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项目 Project	碳排放系数(以CE计) Carbon emission coefficient (CE)	参考文献 Reference
氮肥 Nitrogen fertilizer (N)	1.74 kg kg^-1	[17]
磷肥 Phosphate fertilizer (P₂O₅)	0.2 kg kg^-1	[18]
钾肥 Potash fertilizer (K₂O)	0.15 kg kg^-1	[18]
农药 Pesticide	4.932 kg kg^-1	[19]
柴油 Diesel	0.94 kg kg^-1	[20]
人工 Artificial	0.245 kg d^-1	[21]
烟苗 Tobacco seedling	1.724 g plant^-1	—

年份Year	CK	T1	T2	T3
2020	3983.52±42.64 c	3833.65±35.02 c	5395.87±96.12 a	4218.47±142.40 b
2021	5696.96±128.73 c	5356.42±89.28 c	6916.35±142.83 a	6260.49±119.24 b

影响因素 Influence factor	处理 Treatment	2020				2021
影响因素 Influence factor	处理 Treatment	拟合方程 Fitting equation	R²	P	Q₁₀值	拟合方程 Fitting equation	R²	P	Q₁₀值
土壤温度 Soil temperature	CK	Rt=0.63e^0.0508T	0.6315	<0.01	1.66	Rt=0.167e^0.107T	0.326	<0.05	2.92
	T1	Rt=0.8088e^0.052T	0.627	<0.01	1.47	Rt=0.216e^0.0098T	0.372	<0.01	1.10
	T2	Rt=0.8628e^0.0386T	0.5524	<0.01	1.68	Rt=0.309e^0.092T	0.307	<0.05	2.51
	T3	Rt=1.0291e^0.0357T	0.5334	<0.01	1.43	Rt=0.214e^0.101T	0.35	<0.01	2.75
土壤湿度 Soil moisture	CK	Rt = -0.007W²+0.291W +0.209	0.032	>0.05		Rt=0.003W²+0.002W +2.316	0.508	<0.01
	T1	Rt = -0.005W²+0.223W +0.602	0.07	>0.05		Rt=0.001W²+0.056W +2.278	0.367	<0.05
	T2	Rt = -0.012W²+0.510W -0.875	0.082	<0.05		Rt=0.005W²-0.05W +3.4	0.541	<0.01
	T3	Rt = -0.008W²+0.331W -0.117	0.168	<0.05		Rt=0.004W²-0.017W +2.889	0.455	<0.01

系统碳汇/源各项 System carbon sink/Source	2020				2021
系统碳汇/源各项 System carbon sink/Source	CK	T1	T2	T3	CK	T1	T2	T3
物料碳还田量 Amount of material carbon returning to field (C_i)	0	2250.00	2250.00	2250.00	0	2250.00	2250.00	2250.00
净初级生产力 Net primary productivity (C_NPP)	3750.29	4287.37	4372.60	4374.14	3631.43	4186.60	4238.80	4309.15
土壤固碳量 Soil carbon sequestration (ΔSOC)	75.63	920.81	741.13	874.35	77.53	921.31	765.23	882.50
土壤呼吸 Soil respiration (C_r)	3983.52	3833.65	5395.87	4218.47	5696.96	5356.42	6916.35	6260.49
农业投入排放碳 Agricultural inputs emit carbon (C_e)	286.38	287.91	287.91	287.91	287.20	288.73	288.73	288.73
净固碳量 Net carbon sequestration	-443.99	3336.61	1679.95	2992.10	-2275.20	1712.76	48.95	892.42

Effects of adding biochar and straw with equal carbon content on soil respiration and net carbon budget in tobacco field

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