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作物学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (11): 1659-1666.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.04073

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

马铃薯高效染色体加倍方法建立与抗寒资源创制

董建科(), 涂卫, 王海波, 应静文, 杜鹃, 赵喜娟, 赵庆浩, 黄维, 蔡兴奎*(), 宋波涛*()   

  1. 华中农业大学园艺林学学院 / 园艺植物生物学教育部重点试验室 / 农业农村部马铃薯生物学与生物技术重点试验室, 湖北武汉 430070
  • 收稿日期:2020-03-19 接受日期:2020-07-02 出版日期:2020-11-12 网络出版日期:2020-07-16
  • 通讯作者: 蔡兴奎,宋波涛
  • 作者简介:E-mail:1358913581@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-09-P07);国家自然科学基金项目(31871685)

Establishment of a high efficient method for chromosome doubling and exploration of cold-resistant resources in potato

DONG Jian-Ke(), TU Wei, WANG Hai-Bo, YING Jing-Wen, DU Juan, ZHAO Xi-Juan, ZHAO Qing-Hao, HUANG Wei, CAI Xing-Kui*(), SONG Bo-Tao*()   

  1. College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU), Ministry of Education / Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
  • Received:2020-03-19 Accepted:2020-07-02 Published:2020-11-12 Published online:2020-07-16
  • Contact: Xing-Kui CAI,Bo-Tao SONG
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-09-P07);and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871685)

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摘要：

利用不同秋水仙素处理浓度、处理方式、处理时间对马铃薯试管苗茎段进行处理,研究了不同处理组合对试管苗成活率和加倍效率的影响, 筛选获得了马铃薯染色体加倍优化处理组合。结果表明, 0.1%秋水仙素浓度在120转 min-1的条件下处理马铃薯试管苗茎段3d的加倍效率最高,该处理方法结合摇床转动处理,使秋水仙素与处理茎段接触更充分,较其他马铃薯染色体加倍技术具有加倍率更高、加倍时间更短且操作简便等优点, 为马铃薯倍性操作提供了高效方法。同时, 加倍的种间杂种材料农艺性状与原始二倍体相比,加倍获得的四倍体材料在植株株高、茎粗、花瓣大小及花粉粒大小等方面均有明显增强,且抗寒能力和二倍体种间杂种相当,较普通马铃薯栽培种显著增强,可为马铃薯栽培种的抗寒遗传改良提供良好的材料基础。

关键词: 马铃薯, 秋水仙素, 染色体加倍技术, 抗寒能力

Abstract:

In this work, different treatment combinations including colchicine concentrations and treatment methods as well as different time points was used to investigate the survival rate and chromosome doubling efficiency of potato tissue culture plantlets. The potato chromosome doubling by using colchicine had been successfully optimized. The potato plantlet stems treated with 0.1% colchicine for three days shaking at 120 r min-1 showed the highest doubling efficiency due to its better contact to the colchicine solution. Compared with other potato chromosome doubling techniques, this method has much higher chromosome doubling rate, shorter time treatment and easier to operate, so that it could provide a higher efficient method for potato ploidy operation. In the meantime, compared with the diploid, the tetraploid interspecific hybrids showed differences in the morphological characteristic, which had higher plants, thicker stem, bigger petals and pollen grain. In addition, no significant difference was found between diploid and tetraploid interspecific hybrids in terms of cold resistance, but both significantly enhanced cold resistance compared with the common potato cultivar. Taken together, the doubled interspecific hybrids could sever for improving cold resistance of potato cultivars.

Key words: potato, colchicine, chromosome doubling, cold resistance

图1

加倍处理装置及对照处理植株长势 A: 加倍处理装置, 红色箭头所指位置为PCR板剪孔位置; B: 对照处理植株长势。"

图2

秋水仙素处理材料成活率统计 数值为平均值±SE (n=4)。A-3: A浓度(0.05%)处理3 d; B-3: B浓度(0.10%)处理3 d; C-3: C浓度(0.25%)处理3 d; D-3: D浓度(0.50%)处理3 d。"

图3

加倍处理材料倍性鉴定 A: AC142; B: E3; C: 未加倍材料; D: 四倍体; E: 三倍体; F, G: 嵌合体; H: 对照。"

图4

加倍材料染色体数目检测 A: 对照FT073-4; B, C: 加倍四倍体材料。"

图5

秋水仙素处理材料加倍率统计 数值为平均值±SE (n=4)。A-3-0: A浓度(0.05%)处理3 d, 转速为0转 min-1; A-3-120: A浓度(0.05%)处理3 d, 转速为120转 min-1; B-3-0: B浓度(0.10%)处理3 d, 转速为0转 min-1; B-3-120: B浓度(0.10%)处理3 d, 转速为120转 min-1。"

图6

部分加倍株系植株表型 A: FT073-4; B: T-FT073-4-7。数值为平均值±SE (n ≥ 5)。* 表示在0.05水平上显著相关, ** 表示在0.01水平上显著相关。"

图7

加倍材料抗寒能力检测 数值为平均值±SE (n=3)。柱子上方的字母表示在P < 0.05水平上的差异显著性。"

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