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作物学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (2): 248-255.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.83042

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

田间密植诱导抽穗期玉米叶片衰老时的光合作用机制

吴含玉1,2,张雅君2,张旺锋1,3,*(),王克如4,李少昆4,姜闯道2,*()   

  1. 1石河子大学生命科学学院, 新疆石河子 832003
    2中国科学院植物研究所 / 北方资源植物重点实验室, 北京100093
    3石河子大学农学院 / 新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室, 新疆石河子832003
    4中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 / 农业部作物生理生态重点实验室, 北京100081
  • 收稿日期:2018-05-03 接受日期:2018-10-08 出版日期:2019-02-12 网络出版日期:2019-01-07
  • 通讯作者: 张旺锋,姜闯道
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(31571576);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目资助(2015CB150401)

Photosynthetic characteristics of senescent leaf induced by high planting density of maize at heading stage in the field

Han-Yu WU1,2,Ya-Jun ZHANG2,Wang-Feng ZHANG1,3,*(),Ke-Ru WANG4,Shao-Kun LI4,Chuang-Dao JIANG2,*()   

  1. 1 College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
    2 Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
    3 College of Agriculture, Shihezi University / Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology Agriculture of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
    4 Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2018-05-03 Accepted:2018-10-08 Published:2019-02-12 Published online:2019-01-07
  • Contact: Wang-Feng ZHANG,Chuang-Dao JIANG
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31571576);and the National Basic Research Program of China(2015CB150401)

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摘要：

为理解田间密植是否诱导抽穗期玉米叶片衰老以及衰老叶片的光合作用规律和机制, 本研究以玉米“先玉335”为材料研究了抽穗期栽培密度对穗位叶和穗下第4叶的光环境、比叶重、氮素含量、叶绿素含量、气体交换以及叶绿素荧光诱导动力学的影响。结果表明, 随着密度的增加玉米冠层内的光强大幅降低, 尤其穗下第4叶; 穗位叶和穗下第4叶的比叶重降低。同时, 穗位叶和穗下第4叶的氮素含量和叶绿素含量均随栽培密度增加而下降。不同栽培密度下穗位叶荧光诱导动力学曲线(OJIP)未发生明显改变, 而高密度下穗下第4叶OJIP的J和I相的相对荧光产量较低密度有提高趋势。高密度下, 穗位叶和穗下第4叶叶片的光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率均降低; 不过, 穗位叶胞间CO2浓度降低, 穗下第4叶胞间CO2浓度增加。我们认为, 田间密植条件下异质性光环境可以迅速诱导抽穗期玉米冠层下部叶片(如穗下第4叶)衰老; 该过程中, 光合作用的限制因素不是光能吸收和电子传递, 而可能是碳同化。

关键词: 光合作用, 叶绿素荧光诱导动力学, 密植, 弱光, 衰老

Abstract:

A field experiment was conducted using maize variety “Xianyu 335” at heading stage to study the influences of planting density (15,000 plants ha -1, 75,000 plants ha -1, and 135,000 plants ha -1) on canopy light intensity, specific leaf weight, nitrogen content, chlorophyll content, gas exchange, and chlorophyll a fluorescence induction kinetics of the ear leaf and the fourth leaf below ear. With increasing the density, the light intensity within the canopy significantly reduced, especially around the fourth leaf below ear, and the specific leaf weight and content of nitrogen and chlorophyll in the ear leaf and the fourth leaf below ear reduced. The fluorescence induction kinetics of the ear leaf revealed little changes under different planting densities. Compared with low density, the J and I phases of the fluorescence induction kinetics curves increased slightly in the fourth leaf below ear under high density. In addition, at high planting density, the photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of the both leaves decreased. The intercellular CO2 concentration decreased in the ear leaf, while increased in the fourth leaf below ear. Therefore, we believe that the heterogeneity of light environment can rapidly induce senescence in the lower leaves of the canopy (such as the fourth leaf below ear) at heading stage under high planting density in the field. In the process of leaf senescence within canopy, the limiting factor of photosynthesis is not light energy capture and electron transport, while may be the decrease of carbon assimilation.

Key words: photosynthesis, chlorophyll a fluorescence induction kinetics curves, planting density, low light, senescence

图1

栽培密度对抽穗期玉米穗位叶和穗下第4叶光强(A)和比叶重(B)的影响 LD: 低密度; MD: 中密度; HD: 高密度。柱上不同字母表示不同处理差异在0.05水平显著。"

图2

栽培密度对抽穗期玉米穗位叶和穗下第4叶氮素含量(A)和氮/碳比值(B)的影响 LD: 低密度; MD: 中密度; HD: 高密度。柱上不同字母表示不同处理差异在0.05水平显著。"

图3

栽培密度对抽穗期玉米穗位叶和穗下第4叶的叶绿素a (A)、叶绿素b (B)、类胡萝卜素含量(C)和叶绿素总量(D)的影响 LD: 低密度; MD: 中密度; HD: 高密度。柱上不同字母表示不同处理差异在0.05水平显著。"

图4

栽培密度对抽穗期玉米穗位叶(A)和穗下第4叶(B)叶绿素荧光诱导动力学的影响 LD: 低密度; MD: 中密度; HD: 高密度。"

图5

栽培密度对抽穗期玉米穗位叶和穗下第4叶荧光参数的影响 LD: 低密度; MD: 中密度; HD: 高密度。柱上不同字母表示不同处理差异在0.05水平显著。"

图6

栽培密度对抽穗期玉米穗位叶和穗下第4叶气体交换参数的影响 (A)净光合速率; (B)气孔导度; (C)蒸腾速率; (D)细胞间隙二氧化碳浓度。LD: 低密度; MD: 中密度; HD: 高密度。柱上不同字母表示不同处理差异在 0.05 水平显著。"

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