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作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (7): 1877-1884.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.31072

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    

拔节期渍水对软质小麦淀粉粒度分布与糊化特性的影响

陈娟(), 杨婷婷, 闫素辉, 雍玉东, 张士雅, 李文阳*()   

  1. 安徽科技学院农学院, 安徽凤阳 233100
  • 收稿日期:2023-11-26 接受日期:2024-04-02 出版日期:2024-07-12 网络出版日期:2024-04-16
  • 通讯作者: *李文阳, E-mail: liwy@ahstu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 1160465149@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    安徽省高校协同创新项目(GXXT-2021-089);安徽省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(小麦);安徽自然科学基金项目(1408085MC48);安徽省科技特派员项目(2023tpt035)

Effects of waterlogging at jointing stage on starch particle size distribution and pasting properties of soft wheat

CHEN Juan(), YANG Ting-Ting, YAN Su-Hui, YONG Yu-Dong, ZHANG Shi-Ya, LI Wen-Yang*()   

  1. College of Agronomy, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, Anhui, China
  • Received:2023-11-26 Accepted:2024-04-02 Published:2024-07-12 Published online:2024-04-16
  • Contact: *E-mail: liwy@ahstu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Collaborative Innovation Project of Universities in Anhui province(GXXT-2021-089);Special Funds for the Construction of Agricultural Research System in Anhui Province (Wheat);Anhui Natural Science Foundation Project(1408085MC48);Sci-tech Commissioner Project in Anhui Province(2023tpt035)

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摘要：

为明确拔节期渍水对软质小麦淀粉粒度分布与糊化特性的影响。在大田条件下, 于2021—2023年, 选用软质小麦品种华成麦1688和荃麦725为试验材料, 设对照(CK)和渍水(WL) 2种处理, 在小麦拔节期进行连续10 d的渍水处理, 研究拔节期渍水对软质小麦淀粉粒度分布及黏度参数的影响及其相互关系。结果表明, 与对照相比, 拔节期渍水胁迫通过降低小麦穗数、穗粒数及千粒重, 从而降低小麦产量, 籽粒湿面筋含量、蛋白质含量显著降低, 淀粉含量显著增加。拔节期渍水胁迫抑制了小麦胚乳B淀粉的产生和生长, 使小麦B型淀粉粒体积、表面积及数目百分比显著降低, 其中主要影响2.8~10.0 μm的淀粉粒; A型淀粉粒体积、表面积百分比显著增加, 以影响其中10.0~22.0 μm的淀粉粒为主, 渍水胁迫对A型淀粉粒数目百分比无显著性影响。渍水胁迫后, 面粉峰值黏度、低谷黏度、最终黏度、稀懈值及回升值显著增加。可见, 拔节期渍水胁迫改变了小麦淀粉粒度分布, 通过降低B型淀粉粒占比, 增加A型淀粉粒占比, 进而增加峰值黏度等黏度参数, 最终影响小麦籽粒品质。

关键词: 小麦, 淀粉粒, 淀粉粒度分布, 糊化特性, 渍水

Abstract:

The objective of this study is to clarify the effect of waterlogging at jointing stage on starch particle size distribution and pasting properties in soft wheat. Under field conditions, from 2021 to 2023, the soft wheat varieties Huachengmai 1688 and Quanmai 725 were selected as the test materials, and two treatments of control (CK) and waterlogging (WL) were conducted. The waterlogging treatment was carried out for 10 consecutive days at jointing stage of wheat to study the effect of waterlogging at jointing stage on the starch particle size distribution and viscosity parameters of soft wheat and their relationship. The results showed that, compared with the control, waterlogging stress at jointing stage reduced wheat yield by reducing spike number, grain number per spike, and 1000-grain weight. The wet gluten content and protein content of grains were significantly reduced, and the starch content was significantly increased. Waterlogging stress at jointing stage inhibited the production and growth of B-type starch in wheat endosperm, and significantly reduced the volume, surface area, and the number percentage of B-type starch granules, mainly affecting 2.8-10.0 μm starch granules. The volume and surface area percentage of A-type starch granules increased significantly, mainly affecting 10.0-22.0 μm starch granules. Waterlogging stress had no significant effect on the percentage of A-type starch granules. After waterlogging stress, the peak viscosity, trough viscosity, final viscosity, breakdown, and setback of wheat increased significantly. In conclusion, waterlogging stress at jointing stage changed the starch particle size distribution of wheat. By reducing the proportion of B-type starch granules, increasing the proportion of A-type starch granules and the viscosity parameters such as peak viscosity were increased, and finally the yield and quality of wheat were affected.

Key words: wheat, starch granules, granule size distribution of starch, pasting properties, waterlogging

图1

实验点2021-2023小麦生长季温度与降水量"

表1

渍水对小麦产量及其构成因素的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 品种
Cultivar		 穗数
Spike (×104 hm-2)		 穗粒数
Kernels per spike		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 产量
Yield (kg hm-2)
2021-2022 CK 华成麦1688 HC1688 370.67±14.05 48.80±2.29 47.19±3.08 5994.62±179.24
荃麦725 QM725 548.00±6.93 49.53±0.25 41.74±0.81 8375.29±346.09
WL 华成麦1688 HC1688 329.33±14.05 41.77±1.35 39.38±0.80 4966.44±63.66
荃麦725 QM725 521.33±33.31 40.75±3.55 37.50±0.65 7584.62±587.13
2022-2023 CK 华成麦1688 HC1688 568.00±12.00 47.53±1.86 46.85±0.85 8730.40±135.33
荃麦725 QM725 662.00±42.00 51.70±1.10 47.15±0.45 8850.07±148.87
WL 华成麦1688 HC1688 480.00±12.00 41.57±1.95 39.65±1.35 7157.44±138.28
荃麦725 QM725 590.00±46.00 42.90±0.90 40.77±1.72 6656.53±313.47
F值 年份Y 142.01** 2.15 13.37** 84.85**
F-value 渍水W 26.22** 125.09** 118.96** 132.28**
品种C 165.77** 5.27* 6.31* 90.41**
Y×W 4.27 0.70 0.42 16.08**
Y×C 13.78** 2.43 13.82** 122.73**
W×C 0.47 1.30 3.49 0.62
Y×W×C 0.34 0.72 1.38 3.12**

表2

渍水对小麦籽粒品质性状的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 品种
Cultivar		 湿面筋含量
Wet gluten (%)		 蛋白质含量
Protein content (%)		 淀粉含量
Starch content (%)
2021-2022 CK 华成麦1688 HC1688 29.50±1.47 14.33±0.78 68.03±0.78
荃麦725 QM725 28.40±0.20 13.55±0.05 69.40±0.05
WL 华成麦1688 HC1688 25.70±1.70 12.47±0.30 68.57±0.30
荃麦725 QM725 27.53±1.21 12.45±0.35 69.47±0.35
2022-2023 CK 华成麦1688 HC1688 41.47±0.40 18.45±1.04 65.80±0.20
荃麦725 QM725 41.67±0.57 18.38±0.21 66.50±0.17
WL 华成麦1688 HC1688 39.43±0.23 17.08±0.49 66.73±0.50
荃麦725 QM725 40.07±1.00 16.95±1.24 66.87±0.35
F值 年份Y 936.40** 204.43** 216.68**
F-value 渍水W 24.32** 16.57** 8.55*
品种C 0.87 0.01 22.75**
Y×W 0.38 0.74 1.16
Y×C 0.01 1.48 4.86*
W×C 4.00 0.02 2.53
Y×W×C 2.21 1.99 0.02

表3

渍水对小麦淀粉粒体积分布的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 品种
Cultivar		 淀粉粒粒径Diameter of starch granule (µm)
0.1-2.8 2.8-10.0 ≤10.0 >10.0 10.0-22.0 >22.0
2021-2022 CK HC1688 11.69±0.01 29.67±1.10 41.16±0.72 58.84±0.72 30.50±0.44 28.70±0.70
QM725 11.59±0.01 27.50±0.99 39.09±1.28 60.91±1.28 32.65±0.34 29.40±0.99
WL HC1688 11.62±0.02 27.39±2.45 40.34±0.74 59.66±0.74 31.76±0.49 28.21±0.75
QM725 11.52±0.01 24.80±1.67 36.33±1.80 63.67±1.80 34.31±1.34 29.77±0.49
2022-2023 CK HC1688 11.33±0.01 27.32±0.05 38.66±0.07 61.34±0.07 32.36±0.06 29.04±0.09
QM725 9.64±0.01 23.40±0.54 32.70±0.07 67.30±0.07 35.05±0.03 32.30±0.09
WL HC1688 9.38±0.01 24.27±0.05 33.65±0.08 66.35±0.08 36.19±0.16 29.94±0.19
QM725 9.33±0.01 20.91±0.86 30.24±1.33 67.76±1.45 36.76±0.30 32.99±1.55
F值 年份Y 153.65** 159.72** 254.21** 248.31** 138.78** 113.15**
F-value 渍水W 19.56** 53.61** 66.16** 64.64** 80.10** 6.83*
品种C 12.61** 130.91** 129.2** 126.11** 70.92** 57.09**
Y×W 15.36** 2.23 8.21* 7.97* 7.66* 1.63
Y×C 8.13* 2.13 5.80* 5.65* 2.31 22.69**
W×C 9.22** 0.78 0.20 0.20 3.30 1.26
Y×W×C 9.14** 5.79* 10.90** 10.66** 7.16* 3.92

表4

渍水对小麦淀粉粒表面积分布的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 品种
Cultivar		 淀粉粒粒径Diameter of starch granule (µm)
0.1-2.8 2.8-10.0 ≤10.0 >10.0 10.0-22.0 >22.0
2021-2022 CK HC1688 51.53±1.19 31.86±0.44 83.39±1.26 16.61±0.91 10.99±0.82 5.66±5.84
QM725 52.99±1.01 29.23±0.69 82.22±0.71 17.78±0.71 11.91±0.53 6.15±5.93
WL HC1688 51.28±0.95 28.36±2.75 79.64±3.06 20.36±1.60 14.80±1.74 5.52±5.83
QM725 52.68±0.45 27.18±1.67 79.86±1.66 20.14±1.46 14.26±1.54 5.78±5.94
2022-2023 CK HC1688 52.15±0.12 29.97±0.06 82.12±0.06 17.88±0.06 12.04±0.05 5.84±5.87
QM725 51.56±0.97 27.58±0.04 79.15±1.01 20.85±0.96 14.60±0.02 5.27±6.27
WL HC1688 48.78±0.19 28.03±1.67 76.81±1.83 23.19±1.64 16.23±1.75 6.84±7.04
QM725 50.78±0.07 23.86±0.64 74.64±0.64 25.36±1.42 18.40±1.48 6.94±6.91
F值 年份Y 16.49** 11.58** 24.13** 36.08** 21.45** 22.68**
F-value 渍水W 13.55** 28.18** 39.87** 59.62** 49.66** 7.50**
品种C 11.01** 23.99** 5.84* 8.73* 6.48* 2.30
Y×W 7.88* 0.06 2.15 3.22 0.83 8.36*
Y×C 1.26 1.69 2.75 4.11 4.69* 0.07
W×C 3.88 0.02 0.76 1.13 0.84 0.29
Y×W×C 4.26 2.34 0.05 0.08 0.28 0.54

表5

渍水对小麦淀粉粒数目分布的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 品种
Cultivar		 淀粉粒粒径Diameter of starch granule (µm)
0.1-2.8 2.8-10.0 ≤10.0 >10.0
2021-2022 CK HC1688 97.37±0.04 2.52±0.04 99.90±0.01 0.10±0.01
QM725 97.62±0.06 2.28±0.06 99.90±0.01 0.10±0.01
WL HC1688 97.29±0.07 2.60±0.07 99.89±0.00 0.11±0.00
QM725 97.53±0.10 2.36±0.10 99.89±0.01 0.11±0.01
2022-2023 CK HC1688 97.59±0.01 2.29±0.03 99.88±0.03 0.13±0.01
QM725 97.82±0.02 2.05±0.02 99.87±0.00 0.13±0.00
WL HC1688 97.58±0.06 2.28±0.05 99.86±0.01 0.13±0.01
QM725 97.78±0.09 2.09±0.06 99.87±0.12 0.13±0.01
F值 年份Y 96.88** 134.03** 1.70 87.11**
F-value 渍水W 5.09* 4.83* 0.08 1.78
品种C 88.98** 100.77** 0.01 0.44
Y×W 1.87 2.15 0.00 0.44
Y×C 0.38 0.43 0.00 0.00
W×C 0.17 0.43 0.08 1.78
Y×W×C 0.12 0.26 0.03 0.44

表6

渍水对糊化特性的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 品种
Cultivar		 峰值黏度
Peak viscosity		 低谷黏度
Trough viscosity		 最终黏度
Final viscosity		 稀懈值
Breakdown		 回升值
Setback
2021-2022 CK HC1688 1089.67±25.74 929.83±24.61 1956.00±31.22 142.25±7.25 1006.25±31.75
QM725 1567.50±18.50 1043.83±35.97 2044.67±92.38 495.00±22.00 1057.50±35.50
WL HC1688 1166.00±19.00 985.17±36.38 2041.67±72.06 180.83±19.33 1056.50±46.77
QM725 1614.50±7.50 1103.33±57.95 2107.00±118.42 548.25±8.75 1084.00±91.00
2022-2023 CK HC1688 819.00±14.00 685.50±6.50 1292.50±5.50 133.50±20.50 607.00±12.00
QM725 1241.33±48.34 848.00±37.00 1475.67±77.31 380.00±29.00 627.67±55.59
WL HC1688 858.67±23.18 712.00±27.84 1327.67±33.98 200.00±70.49 626.00±23.00
QM725 1332.67±20.40 898.50±25.50 1611.33±40.82 443.00±12.00 723.25±20.25
F值 年份Y 794.95** 244.62** 422.84** 17.07** 422.82**
F-value 渍水W 36.56** 10.68** 7.21* 19.00** 5.90*
品种C 1877.53** 98.01** 27.33** 567.40** 6.23*
Y×W 0.03 0.42 0.04 0.55 0.23
Y×C 0.51 3.96 6.94* 20.63** 0.25
W×C 0.28 0.23 0.42 0.05 0.45
Y×W×C 3.71 0.11 1.09 0.13 1.62
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