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作物学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (10): 2821-2835.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.54011

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    下一篇

贝莱斯芽孢杆菌YCH92对棉花根际土壤微生物群落及棉花产量的影响

陈佳伟1,2,3(), 林艳1,2,3, 张明星2,3, 周诗晶2,3, 饶力群1, 周池1,2,3,*(), 李鑫2,3,*()   

  1. 1湖南农业大学生物科学技术学院, 湖南长沙 410125
    2湖南省微生物研究所, 湖南长沙 410125
    3植物内生微生物资源挖掘与利用湖南省工程研究中心, 湖南长沙 410125
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-15 接受日期:2025-07-09 出版日期:2025-10-12 网络出版日期:2025-07-16
  • 通讯作者: *周池, E-mail: 492946136@qq.com;李鑫, E-mail: s2007203272@yeah.net
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 1223245355@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    湖南省科技创新计划项目(2023NK2015);政策性项目-科技援疆、科技援藏科技援藏(2024WK4003)

Effects of Bacillus velezensis YCH92 on the rhizosphere microbial community and yield of cotton

CHEN Jia-Wei1,2,3(), LIN Yan1,2,3, ZHANG Ming-Xing2,3, ZHOU Shi-Jing2,3, RAO Li-Qun1, ZHOU Chi1,2,3,*(), LI Xin2,3,*()   

  1. 1College of Bioscience Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China
    2Hunan Microbiology Research Institute, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China
    3Hunan Engineering Research Center on Excavation and Utilization of the Endophytic Microbial Resources of Plants, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China
  • Received:2025-01-15 Accepted:2025-07-09 Published:2025-10-12 Published online:2025-07-16
  • Contact: *E-mail: 492946136@qq.com;E-mail: s2007203272@yeah.net
  • Supported by:
    Science and Technology Innovation Project of Hunan Province(2023NK2015);Policy-Oriented Project Science and Technology Aid to Xinjiang and Xizang(2024WK4003)

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摘要：

为了探究内生菌贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis) YCH92对棉花根际微生物群落结构变化及棉花产量的影响。本研究开展全基因组测序, 进行了基因功能注释和基因组比较分析; 研究YCH92对棉花根际土壤理化性质、棉花农艺性状及产量的影响, 利用高通量测序分析YCH92对微生物群落结构的影响。研究表明, 菌株YCH92具有解磷、产淀粉酶和产铁载体能力, 同时携带大量抑菌物质合成基因。在大田试验中, 施加YCH92菌液能够增加土壤有机质、水解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量, 降低土壤pH; 施加稀释200倍的YCH92菌液后会增加土壤微生物多样性和丰富度; 与未施加菌液组相比, YCH92菌液处理提高了放线菌门相对丰度, 降低了酸杆菌门的相对丰度; 属水平上, YCH92菌液处理提高了鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)和诺尔氏菌属(Knoellia)相对丰度, 降低了赭黄嗜盐囊菌属(Haliangium)相对丰度; YCH92菌液处理后, 棉花单株铃数、单铃重和籽棉产量均显著高于未施加菌液组, 稀释100倍菌液组的单株铃数、单铃重和籽棉产量较未施加菌液组分别增加17.3%、6.6%、25.0%; 稀释200倍菌液组的单株铃数、单铃重和籽棉产量较未施加菌液组分别增加15.5%、6.7%、23.2%。贝莱斯芽孢杆菌YCH92能够改善棉田土壤环境, 增加棉花产量, 为棉花科学栽培和棉花产业绿色高效发展提供科学指导。

关键词: 棉花, 贝莱斯芽孢杆菌, 内生菌, 全基因组, 微生物多样性

Abstract:

To explore the potential functions of endophytic Bacillus velezensis YCH92 and its influence on the structure of the cotton rhizosphere microbial community, as well as to improve the soil microenvironment and enhance cotton yield, this study conducted whole-genome sequencing, gene function annotation, and comparative genomic analysis. The effects of YCH92 on the physicochemical properties of rhizosphere soil, cotton agronomic traits, and yield were systematically investigated. In addition, high-throughput sequencing was employed to assess changes in microbial community structure following YCH92 application. The results showed that strain YCH92 possesses the abilities to solubilize phosphate, produce amylase and siderophores, and harbors numerous genes involved in the biosynthesis of antimicrobial compounds. In field experiments, application of YCH92 significantly increased soil organic matter, hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium, while reducing soil pH. A 200-fold dilution of YCH92 also enhanced microbial diversity and richness in the rhizosphere. Compared with the untreated control, YCH92 treatment increased the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota and decreased that of Acidobacteria. At the genus level, it promoted the abundance of Sphingomonas and Knoellia, while reducing that of Haliangium. Application of YCH92 also significantly improved boll number per plant, boll weight, and seed cotton yield. Specifically, the 100-fold dilution increased boll number, boll weight, and seed cotton yield by 17.3%, 6.6%, and 25.0%, respectively, while the 200-fold dilution resulted in increases of 15.5%, 6.7%, and 23.2%. These findings indicate that Bacillus velezensis YCH92 can enhance soil quality and promote cotton yield, offering a theoretical basis for sustainable cotton cultivation and the green, efficient development of the cotton industry.

Key words: cotton, Bacillus velezensis, endophytes, whole genome, microbial diversity

图1

菌株YCH92的生理生化特性 A: 解磷能力测定; B: 产铁载体能力测定; C: 淀粉酶水解能力测定。"

图2

菌株YCH92基因圈图与KEGG注释结果 A: 菌株YCH92的基因圈图, 最外圈是基因组序列位置坐标, 由外到里分别是基因功能注释结果、ncRNA、基因组GC含量和基因组GC skew值。B: KEGG数据库注释结果。"

表1

贝莱斯芽孢杆菌YCH92、FZB42、CBMB205、SQR9的基因组特征比较"

贝莱斯芽孢杆菌
Bacillus velezensis		 GenBank登录号
GeneBank No.		 基因组大小
Genome size (Mb)		 G+C含量
G+C content (%)		 rRNA tRNA 蛋白质编码序列
Protein coding sequences
YCH92 CP187936.1 4.01 46.5 27 87 3889
FZB42 CP000560.2 3.92 46.5 29 88 3724
CBMB205 CP014838.1 3.93 46.5 27 86 3745
SQR9 CP006890.1 4.12 46.0 21 72 3956

图3

菌株YCH92、FZB42、CBMB205、SQR9的比较基因组分析 A: 共线性分析; 具有相同颜色的框表示共线区域, 重排由彩色线条表示。B: YCH92、CBMB205、YCH92和SQR9的基因组共有、特有的基因数韦恩图。C: YCH92、CBMB205、YCH92和SQR9次生代谢产物基因簇共线性分析。"

表2

YCH92的次级代谢产物合成基因簇分类表"

基因簇编号
Cluster ID		 类型
Type		 起始位置
Start		 终止位置
End		 推测产物
Putative production		 相似度
Similarity (%)
1 NPRS 304,502 369,909 表面活性素 Surfactin 78
2 LAP, thiopeptide 568,189 597,909 基雅尼霉素 Kijanimicin 4
3 LAP, RRE-containing 680,426 703,603 植物唑霉素 Plantazolicin 91
4 PKS-like 914,585 955,829 布替罗星A/布替罗星B Butirosin A/ B 7
5 Terpene 1,037,866 1,058,606 未知 Unknow —
6 transAT-PKS 1,397,774 1,485,977 大环内酰亚胺H Macrolactin H 100
7 NRPS, T3PKS, transAT-PKS 1,704,793 1,814,904 芽孢杆菌烯 Bacillaene 100
8 NRPS, betalactone, transAT-PKS 1,871,618 2,009,450 丰原素 Fengycin 100
9 Terpene 2,032,019 2,053,902 未知 Unknow —
10 T3PKS 2,122,532 2,163,632 未知 Unknow —
11 TransAT-PKS 2,279,161 2,385,339 达菲菌素 Difficidin 100
12 NRPS, RiPP-like 3,095,727 3,147,519 杆菌素 Bacillibactin 100
13 其他 Other 3,675,804 3,717,222 溶杆菌素 Bacilysin 100

表3

各处理对土壤理化性质的影响"

时期
Period		 处理
Treatment		 pH 有机质
Organic matter
(g kg-1)		 全氮
Total nitrogen
(g kg-1)		 全磷
Total
phosphorus
(g kg-1)		 全钾
Total
potassium
(g kg-1)		 水解氮
Hydrolyzed nitrogen
(mg kg-1)		 有效磷
Available phosphorus
(mg kg-1)		 速效钾
Available potassium
(mg kg-1)
灌根后
第10天
The 10th day after root irrigation		 CK 8.05±
0.03 a		 26.01±
1.21 a		 1.58±
0.04 a		 0.848±
0.012 a		 24.35±
0.19 b		 130.00±
4.00 b		 28.80±
0.20 a		 167.00±
4.00 a
T100
10d		 7.65±
0.03 c		 20.65±
0.70 b		 1.52±
0.04 b		 0.787±
0.003 b		 24.97±
0.32 a		 146.00±
2.00 a		 24.50±
1.40 b		 137.00±
4.00 c
T200
10d		 7.71±
0.05 b		 20.11±
0.83 b		 1.47±
0.02 c		 0.790±
0.004 b		 24.26±
0.22 b		 127.00±
2.00 b		 25.10±
1.50 b		 149.00±
3.00 b
采收期
Harvest period
 CKH 8.31±
0.02 a		 17.24±
0.33 b		 1.35±
0.05 b		 0.732±
0.002 c		 24.62±
0.02 b		 115.00±
4.00 b		 19.30±
0.50 b		 137.00±
8.00 c
T100H 7.97±
0.03 c		 21.50±
1.22 a		 1.60±
0.03 a		 0.856±
0.006 b		 25.05±
0.14 a		 134.00±
4.00 a		 30.80±
0.30 a		 203.00±
6.00 a
T200H 8.03±
0.02 b		 21.24±
1.66 a		 1.54±
0.03 a		 0.870±
0.004 a		 24.30±
0.22 c		 136.00±
4.00 a		 31.30±
1.10 a		 168.00±
2.00 b

表4

不同处理土壤细菌α多样性指数"

时期
Period		 处理
Treatment		 Chao1指数
Chao1 index		 ACE指数
Abundance-based coverage estimator		 Shannon指数
Shannon index		 Simpson指数
Simpson's diversity index
灌根后
第10天
The 10th day after
root irrigation		 CK 2555.00±211.80 a 2567.13±211.13 a 10.07±0.09 ab 0.998,00±0.000,10 a
T10010d 2438.20±205.34 a 2451.47±205.91 a 10.00±0.17 b 0.997,70±0.000,81 a
T20010d 2610.98±88.24 a 2623.95±87.88 a 10.21±0.04 a 0.998,50±0.000,06 a
采收期
Harvest period		 CKH 2540.67±146.36 a 2551.16±146.83 a 10.16±0.08 a 0.998,40±0.000,13 a
T100H 2250.53±273.81 b 2247.50±269.35 b 9.73±0.25 b 0.996,30±0.001,04 b
T200H 2601.84±102.80 a 2613.01±102.20 a 10.20±0.05 a 0.998,30±0.000,05 a

图4

YCH92处理第10天与收获时OTU水平主坐标分析 处理同表3。"

图5

不同处理下棉花根际土壤细菌群落构成 A: 根际土壤微生物门水平组成。B: 土壤细菌OTU(括号中数字为属水平)韦恩图。C~M: 属水平下组间相对丰度ANOVA方差分析; C: 诺尔式菌属; D: 克雷伯式菌属; E: unclassified_Euzebyaceae; F: 鱼孢菌属; G: uncultured_Acidobacterium_sp.; H: Polycyclovorans; I: uncultured_Actinomycetales_bacterium; J: unclassified_Gaiellales; K: 赭黄嗜盐囊菌属; L: 鞘氨醇单胞菌属; M: Anaeromyxobacter。柱上标以不同小写字母表示在0.05水平差异显著。处理同表3。"

图6

基于FAPROTAX预测不同处理细菌功能群组成的变化 处理同表3。"

图7

土壤理化性质与土壤属水平微生物群落相关性分析 TK: 全钾; pH: pH值; AK: 速效钾; TP: 全磷; AN: 水解性氮; OM: 有机质; TN: 全氮; AP: 有效磷。*、**、***分别表示在0.05、0.01、0.001水平相关性显著。"

表5

菌液灌根处理对棉花农艺性状及产量的影响"

处理
Treatment		 株高
Height (cm)		 果枝数
Fruit branch number		 单株铃数
Number of bolls per plant		 单铃重
Single bell weight (g)		 籽棉产量
Seed cotton yield (kg hm-2)
CKH 114.7±4.5 a 17.3±0.6 a 36.7±1.5 b 4.70±0.11 b 4294.14±154.15 b
T100H 119.7±3.1 a 17.3±0.6 a 43.0±1.0 a 5.01±0.07 a 5367.78±167.76 a
T200H 119.3±3.1 a 17.7±0.6 a 42.3±2.5 a 5.02±0.11 a 5291.58±202.40 a
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