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作物学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (2): 395-404.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.44088

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

花生核心种质资源荚果成熟度评鉴及早熟种质筛选

王润风(), 李文佳, 廖泳俊, 鲁清, 刘浩, 李海芬, 李少雄, 梁炫强, 洪彦彬, 陈小平()   

  1. 广东省农业科学院作物研究所 / 广东省农作物遗传改良重点实验室 / 国家油料作物改良中心南方花生分中心, 广东广州 510640
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-27 接受日期:2024-08-15 出版日期:2025-02-12 网络出版日期:2024-08-30
  • 通讯作者: 陈小平, E-mail: xpchen1011@qq.com
  • 作者简介:E-mail: wangrunfeng@gdaas.cn
  • 基金资助:
    广东省特支计划项目(2021TX06N789);广州市基础与应用基础研究项目(2023A04J0776);广东省农业科学院农业优势产业学科团队项目(202104TD);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-13)

Evaluation of pod maturity and identification of early-maturing germplasm for core peanut germplasm resources

WANG Run-Feng(), LI Wen-Jia, LIAO Yong-Jun, LU Qing, LIU Hao, LI Hai-Fen, LI Shao-Xiong, LIANG Xuan-Qiang, HONG Yan-Bin, CHEN Xiao-Ping()   

  1. Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement / South China Peanut Sub-Center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
  • Received:2024-05-27 Accepted:2024-08-15 Published:2025-02-12 Published online:2024-08-30
  • Contact: E-mail: xpchen1011@qq.com
  • Supported by:
    Special Support Program of Guangdong Province(2021TX06N789);Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023A04J0776);Agricultural Competitive Industry Discipline Team Building Project of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(202104TD);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(Peanut);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-13)

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摘要：

花生是我国重要的油料作物和经济作物, 早熟是花生重要的育种目标, 早熟种质资源是早熟育种的基础。然而, 受花生无限开花和地下结果的影响, 花生成熟度鉴定难度大, 花生种质早熟性鉴定技术缺乏。本研究优化和完善了花生荚果成熟度鉴定方法, 通过荚果成熟度指数、成熟荚果比例、荚果平均灰度值等指标精准评鉴了390份花生核心种质资源的荚果成熟度, 发现3个指标鉴定出的成熟度结果一致性较高, 均可有效区分花生不同种质的荚果成熟度。相关性结果表明, 花生荚果成熟度在不同季节间的相关系数为0.48~0.54, 表明光温环境对花生种质成熟度的影响较大; 荚果成熟度与花期之间的相关系数为-0.32~ -0.59, 表明花期是影响花生早熟性的重要因素; 荚果成熟度与单株出仁率之间相关系数为0.29~0.48, 表明荚果成熟度的高低对产量有较大影响。综合3个成熟度指标, 发掘出早熟种质28份, 其中包括4份在不同光温环境下均表现为早熟的种质: ICGV95057、ICG4601、82-56②和桂花26。研究为开展花生早熟遗传改良及相关研究提供了宝贵的资源。

关键词: 花生, 荚果成熟度, 早熟, 种质资源, 成熟度鉴定

Abstract:

Peanut is an important oil and cash crop in China, with early maturity being a key breeding objective. However, the evaluation of peanut maturity is complicated by the indeterminate flowering and subterranean fruiting traits, leading to a lack of technology for assessing early maturity in peanut germplasm. Early-maturing germplasm resources are the foundation for early-maturing breeding. This study enhanced and optimized the method for evaluating the maturity of peanut pods and precisely assessed the pod maturity of 390 core germplasm resources using indicators such as the pod maturity index, the ratio of mature pods, and the average gray value of pods. The findings revealed that the maturity assessment results identified by the three indicators exhibited a considerable level of agreement and were able to accurately differentiate the pod maturity among various peanut germplasms. Correlation analysis revealed that the correlation coefficients of pod maturity across various seasons ranged from 0.48 to 0.54, suggesting a substantial influence of the photo-thermal environment on peanut maturity. The correlation coefficients between pod maturity and flowering time ranged from -0.32 to -0.59, indicating the significance of flowering time in determining early maturation of peanuts. The correlation coefficients between pod maturity and shelling rate per plant ranged from 0.29 to 0.48, underscoring the considerable impact of peanut pod maturity on yield. By integrating the three maturity indicators, a total of 28 early-maturing germplasms were identified, with four germplasms—namely ICGV95057, ICG4601, 82-56②, and Guihua 26—demonstrating early maturity under various photo-thermal environments. This research offers significant insights and resources for the genetic improvement and further investigations of early maturity in peanuts.

Key words: peanut, pod maturity, early maturing, germplasm resources, maturity evaluation

图1

花生荚果成熟度级别标准 L1~L5分别为花生成熟度的1~5级。"

表1

农艺性状及代码"

类别 Type 性状 Trait 编号 Code
生育期性状
Traits of growth stage		 始花期 Initial time of flowering (d) X1
开花期 Time of flowering (d) X2
盛花期 Time of full flowering (d) X3
荚果成熟度指数 Maturity index X4
成熟荚果比例 The ratio of mature pods (%) X5
荚果平均灰度值 Average gray value of pods X6
产量性状
Traits of yield		 单株荚果重 Total pod weight per plant (g) X7
单株种仁重 Total seed weight per plant (g) X8
单株荚果数 Total number of pods per plant X9
单株出仁率 Shelling rate per plant (%) X10
荚果性状
Traits of pods		 荚果长 Pod length (mm) X11
荚果宽 Pod width (mm) X12
荚果厚 Pod thickness (mm) X13
种仁长 Seed length (mm) X14
种仁宽 Seed width (mm) X15
种仁厚 Seed thickness (mm) X16

图2

不同种质材料的荚果成熟度差异"

表2

390份花生种质资源成熟度指标描述性统计"

性状
Traits		 环境
Environment		 平均值±标准差
Average ± SD		 范围
Range		 偏度系数
Skewness		 峰度系数
Kurtosis		 变异系数
CV (%)
荚果成熟度指数
Maturity index		 E1 3.78 ± 0.69 1.43-4.94 -0.87 0.49 18.25
E2 3.67 ± 0.66 1.38-5.00 -0.77 0.68 17.98
成熟荚果比例
Ratio of mature pods		 E1 0.62 ± 0.23 0-1.00 -0.71 -0.03 37.10
E2 0.69 ± 0.23 0-1.00 -1.06 0.66 33.33
荚果平均灰度值
Average gray value of pods		 E1 109.77 ± 20.00 62.57-159.91 0.28 -0.65 18.22
E2 69.18 ± 20.40 25.22-135.76 0.80 0.69 29.49

图3

不同季节下荚果成熟度指数、成熟荚果比例和荚果平均灰度值的相关性分析 X4_1、X5_1和X6_1分别为春播条件下的荚果成熟度指数、成熟荚果比例和荚果平均灰度值; X4_2、X5_2和X6_2分别为秋播条件下的荚果成熟度指数、成熟荚果比例和荚果平均灰度值。***表示在0.001概率水平显著相关。"

图4

荚果成熟度指数、成熟荚果比例、荚果灰度值分布图 、B、C分别为春播条件下荚果成熟度指数、成熟荚果比例、荚果平均灰度值的分布。图D、E、F分别为秋播条件下荚果成熟度指数、成熟荚果比例、荚果平均灰度值的分布。"

表3

基于荚果成熟度指标获得的早熟花生种质资源列表"

组别
Group		 品种
Variety		 春季 Spring 秋季 Autumn
成熟度指数
Maturity index		 成熟荚果比例
Ratio of mature pods (%)		 荚果灰度值
Gray value of pods		 成熟度指数
Maturity index		 成熟荚果比例
Ratio of mature pods (%)		 荚果灰度值
Gray value
of pods
I ICGV95057 4.94 100.0 78.61 4.48 93.5 40.65
ICG4601 4.69 92.3 69.70 4.60 100.0 63.35
82-56② 4.67 94.4 82.17 4.50 100.0 39.00
桂花26 Guihua 26 4.64 92.9 92.31 4.43 92.9 43.38
II Fesr-2 4.76 95.2 72.81 4.67 83.3 50.40
UF71513-1 4.73 89.6 75.99 4.20 84.0 53.40
菲律宾红衣 Philippines hongyi 4.87 95.7 80.27 4.04 73.9 55.66
木梗耘 Mugengyun 4.91 100.0 67.11 3.97 72.4 62.24
湛油65 Zhanyou 65 4.62 96.2 81.58 3.76 85.3 73.49
ICGV3046 4.69 100.0 84.28 3.29 54.3 67.00
粤油四粒白Yueyousilibai 4.74 100.0 72.70 3.20 57.1 82.50
III NcAc17090 4.71 87.1 90.52 5.00 100.0 42.64
美引二号Meiyin 2 4.33 76.2 103.32 5.00 100.0 33.38
群毅三月拧Qunyisanyuening 4.47 83.7 92.67 4.82 96.4 27.66
ICG2031 4.24 75.0 — 4.89 100.0 38.93
陆屋大花生Luwudahuasheng 4.29 83.9 — 4.81 96.2 44.46
ICGV94413 4.45 87.1 91.84 4.59 100.0 32.78
巴基斯坦红衣Pakistan hongyi 3.97 65.6 111.59 5.00 100.0 25.22
ICGNO6313 3.84 63.2 101.45 5.00 100.0 42.45
美华大豆 Meihuadadou 4.12 76.5 — 4.67 93.8 39.86
猛鸡乸 Mengjina 4.48 80.6 84.89 4.25 95.0 41.66
ICGV67 3.74 63.2 95.98 4.86 95.2 37.72
南非花生 South Africa huasheng 3.68 57.9 106.23 4.85 95.0 29.01
绵新1号 Mianxin 1 4.16 68.4 101.95 4.23 93.5 43.97
闽花6号 Minhua 6 3.96 69.2 113.24 4.41 96.6 42.39
马圩大豆 Maweidadou 3.86 83.3 — 4.39 96.4 37.61
梧油5号 Wuyou 5 4.00 76.5 122.31 4.24 96.0 43.64
冀花15号 Jihua 15 3.94 65.7 98.02 4.22 100.0 33.42
CK 白沙1016 Baisha 1016 4.17 83.3 87.93 3.56 70.0 67.13

图5

春播条件下花生成熟度及其他农艺性状相关性分析 X1: 始花期; X2: 开花期; X3: 盛花期; X4: 荚果成熟度指数; X5: 成熟荚果比例; X6: 荚果平均灰度值; X7: 单株荚果重; X8: 单株种仁重; X9: 单株荚果数; X10: 单株出仁率; X11: 荚果长; X12: 荚果宽; X13: 荚果厚; X14: 种仁长; X15: 种仁宽; X16: 种仁厚。*表示在0.05概率水平显著相关, **表示在0.01概率水平显著相关, ***表示在0.001概率水平显著相关。"

图6

秋播条件下花生成熟度及其他农艺性状相关性分析 代码X1~X16同图5。*表示在0.05概率水平显著相关, **表示在0.01概率水平显著相关, ***表示在0.001概率水平显著相关。"

图7

不同季节下花生全生育期日均温度和日均光辐射量统计"

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