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作物学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (8): 2152-2163.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.53017
尤根基1，谢昊1，梁毓文1，李龙2，王玉茹1，蒋晨炀1，郭剑1，李广浩1,*，陆大雷1
YOU Gen-Ji1,XIE Hao1,LIANG Yu-Wen1,LI Long2,WANG Yu-Ru1,JIANG Chen-Yang1,GUO Jian1,LI Guang-Hao1,*,LU Da-Lei1
摘要：
多元替代减量增效是落实化肥减量化行动方案，实现玉米生产绿色高质量发展和保障粮食安全的重要措施。本研究为探明不同氮肥减施措施对江淮春玉米产量及氮素吸收利用的影响，以黄淮海区域大面积推广种植的玉米品种江玉877为供试材料。设置6个氮肥处理：不施氮(CK)、常规施氮(N225)、减量施氮(N180)、减量施氮配施硝化抑制剂(N180+D)、减量施氮配施凹凸棒石(N180+T)和减量施氮配施生物骨粉(N180+B)，研究不同施氮处理下春玉米产量及构成、叶面积指数(LAI)、SPAD值、地上部干物质和氮素积累转运及氮肥利用效率的差异。结果表明：N225处理的穗长、穗粗、穗粒数、千粒重及产量显著高于N180，N180+D、N180+T、N180+B比N225处理产量略有增加，但差异不显著。与N225相比，N180+D、N180+T、N180+B处理提高了吐丝期和乳熟期LAI以及乳熟期穗位叶SPAD值，地上部干物质积累和氮素积累量分别增加20.3%、18.1%、21.7%，14.5%、5.1%和21.5%，同时促进了干物质和氮素转运，提高了收获指数。2年试验中，N180+D、N180+T、N180+B的平均氮肥利用效率比N225提高17.3%、10.0%和22.9%。综上表明，本研究在减氮20%的基础上，通过配施硝化抑制剂、凹凸棒石和生物骨粉均可起到稳产增效的效果，可为玉米生产中实现绿色节本增效提供理论依据和技术支持。
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