作物学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (2): 459-479.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.51066
黄丽霞1,2(
), 张卫卫1,2, 甄一越1,2, 王秋宝3, 田洪岭3, 李国栋4, 刘龙龙1, 张丽君1,*(
)
Huang Li-Xia1,2(
), Zhang Wei-Wei1,2, Zhen Yi-Yue1,2, Wang Qiu-Bao3, Tian Hong-Ling3, Li Guo-Dong4, Liu Long-Long1, Zhang Li-Jun1,*(
)
摘要:
土壤盐碱化是威胁全球农业可持续发展的关键非生物限制因子, 严重制约苦荞等耐逆作物的生产潜力。为了筛选苦荞耐盐碱种质资源以及建立耐盐碱评价模型, 以160份苦荞种质资源为材料, 采用双层滤纸法进行萌发期试验, 设置中性盐NaCl、Na2SO4与碱性盐NaHCO3、Na2CO3各5个梯度胁迫, 测定发芽势(GP)等5个萌发参数、根长(RL)等4个生长指标, 计算各指标的耐盐指数。采用多元统计分析方法对苦荞耐盐性进行综合评价及耐盐指标的筛选。结果表明, 9个指标的耐盐系数在不同的盐种类间均存在不同程度的变异, 各单项指标间均存在一定的相关性, 碱性盐(NaHCO3/Na2CO3)对苦荞萌发的抑制阈值(0.10%)显著低于中性盐(0.25%), 盐类的抑制强度排序为Na2CO3 > NaHCO3 > Na2SO4≈NaCl (高浓度时)。通过主成分分析, 4种盐均从9个指标的耐盐系数中提取了2个主成分, 其累计方差贡献率达80.12%~84.07%, PC1 (萌发活力因子, 贡献率54.60%~58.13%)包含活力指数(VI)、发芽指数(GI)和发芽率(GR), PC2 (生物量因子, 贡献率25.21%~27.96%)包含鲜重(FW)、干重(DW)和芽长(SL)。利用隶属函数分析法计算160份苦荞种质资源的综合评价值(D值), 并在此基础上采用聚类分析, 将种质资源分为高耐(HT)、较耐(RT)、中等(MT)、敏感(SS)、极敏(HS) 5个等级, 筛选到14份种质在NaCl、Na2SO4、NaHCO3和Na2CO3四种单盐胁迫下均表现出高耐特性。进一步利用逐步回归分析建立最优线性回归方程, NaCl、Na2SO4与NaHCO3筛选出的VI、GI、FW、SL和GR与D值呈显著相关(R2 = 0.994~0.999, P < 0.01), Na2CO3筛选出的GI、FW、SL和RL与D值呈显著相关(R2 = 0.998, P < 0.01), 以上可作为耐盐的鉴定指标, 活力指数(VI)作为综合生理指标较传统发芽率具有更高的区分度。本研究结果为苦荞耐盐种质资源鉴定及后续开展全基因组关联分析(genome-wide association study, GWAS)挖掘耐盐碱相关的数量性状位点(quantitative trait locus, QTL) 及基因奠定了表型组学基础。
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