谷子育成品种萌芽期耐冷性综合评价

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.34216

作物学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (9): 2207-2218.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.34216

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇下一篇

谷子育成品种萌芽期耐冷性综合评价

闫锋¹(), 董扬¹^,^*(), 李清泉¹, 赵富阳¹, 侯晓敏¹, 刘洋¹, 李青超¹, 赵蕾¹, 范国权², 刘凯³

¹黑龙江省农业科学院齐齐哈尔分院, 黑龙江齐齐哈尔 161006
²黑龙江省农业科学院经济作物研究所, 黑龙江哈尔滨 150086
³黑龙江省农业科学院, 黑龙江哈尔滨 150086

收稿日期:2023-12-30 接受日期:2024-05-21 出版日期:2024-09-12 网络出版日期:2024-05-31
通讯作者: *董扬, E-mail: dongyang0717@126.com
作者简介:E-mail: yanfeng6338817@126.com
基金资助:
财政部和农业农村部国家农业现代产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-06-14.5-B21)

Comprehensively evaluation on cold tolerance of foxtail millet varieties at germination stage

YAN Feng¹(), DONG Yang¹^,^*(), LI Qing-Quan¹, ZHAO Fu-Yang¹, HOU Xiao-Min¹, LIU Yang¹, LI Qing-Chao¹, ZHAO Lei¹, FAN Guo-Quan², LIU Kai³

¹Qiqihar Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar 161006, Heilongjiang, China
²Industrial Crops Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
³Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China

Received:2023-12-30 Accepted:2024-05-21 Published:2024-09-12 Published online:2024-05-31
Contact: *E-mail: dongyang0717@126.com
Supported by:
China Agricultural Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-06-14.5-B21)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

黑龙江地处高纬度地区, 谷子播种后萌发期冷害频繁发生, 造成出苗缓慢、出苗不齐、缺苗, 是限制本地区谷子产量和品质的关键性因素, 鉴定谷子耐冷性并筛选耐冷评价指标, 可为耐冷谷子品种选育提供理论依据并对谷子安全生产具有重要意义。以52个谷子育成品种为研究对象, 设置12个萌发期冷胁迫处理, 以发芽率为指标探讨了谷子萌发期耐冷性的适宜鉴定方法。低温胁迫后测量了发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、芽长、根长、芽鲜重、根鲜重7个指标的耐冷系数, 运用隶属函数分析、主成分分析、相关分析和聚类分析法对参试品种的耐冷性进行了综合评价和归类, 并采用逐步回归分析建立了耐冷性预测回归方程。结果表明, 8℃低温处理7 d, 谷子品种发芽率的变异幅度最大, 能较好地鉴别品种间耐冷性差异, 是谷子萌发期耐冷性鉴定的最适宜条件; 低温胁迫后7个鉴定指标均低28℃对照处理, 但各指标间降低程度不同; 利用主成分分析将7个单项指标转化为3个独立的综合指标, 主成分分析表明, 芽长、芽鲜重和根鲜重最能代表谷子萌发期对低温胁迫后的响应情况, 可作为萌发期耐冷性鉴定的评价指标。通过聚类分析, 将52个谷子品种划分为3类, 筛选出嫩选14、朝谷14、蒙黑谷8号等17个高度耐冷品种, 以及鲁谷7号、晋谷20等15个冷敏感品种, 这些品种可为耐冷育种和谷子生产提供种质基础。

关键词: 谷子, 萌芽期, 冷胁迫, 综合评价, 主成分分析

Abstract:

Heilongjiang province, located in high latitudes, frequently experiences cold damage during the germination period of millet after sowing. This leads to slow and uneven emergence, as well as insufficient seedling growth, which is a key limiting factor for millet yield and quality in this region. Identifying the cold tolerance of millet and screening appropriate evaluation indices for cold tolerance can provide a theoretical foundation for breeding cold-tolerant millet varieties. It holds great significance for ensuring the safe production of millet. In this study, 52 foxtail millet cultivars were selected as research subjects. Twelve cold stress treatments were applied during the germination stage, and the suitability of using germination rate as the index for evaluating cold tolerance at this stage was explored. Following low-temperature stress, the cold tolerance coefficients of seven indices, including germination potential, germination rate, germination index, bud length, root length, bud fresh weight, and root fresh weight, were measured. Comprehensive evaluation of the tested varieties' cold tolerance was conducted using membership function analysis, principal component analysis, correlation analysis, and cluster analysis. Stepwise regression analysis was employed to establish a regression equation for predicting cold tolerance. The results revealed that the germination rate of millet varieties exhibited the largest variation range after seven days of low-temperature treatment at 8℃. This treatment effectively distinguished the differences in cold tolerance among varieties and proved to be the most suitable condition for evaluating cold tolerance during the germination stage. Following low-temperature stress, all seven evaluated indices showed lower values compared to the control treatment at 28℃, although the degree of reduction varied among the indices. Through principal component analysis, the seven individual indices were transformed into three independent comprehensive indices. It was found that bud length, bud fresh weight, and root fresh weight best represented the response of millet during the germination period to low-temperature stress. These indices can be used for evaluating cold tolerance during the germination stage. Cluster analysis categorized the 52 millet varieties into three groups, identifying 17 highly cold-tolerant varieties such as Nenxuan 14, Chaogu 14, and Mengheigu 8, as well as 15 cold-sensitive varieties such as Lugu 7 and Jingu 20. These varieties serve as valuable germplasm resources for breeding cold-tolerant millet and enhancing millet production.

Key words: foxtail millet, germination stage, cold stress, comprehensive evaluation, principal components analysis

闫锋, 董扬, 李清泉, 赵富阳, 侯晓敏, 刘洋, 李青超, 赵蕾, 范国权, 刘凯. 谷子育成品种萌芽期耐冷性综合评价[J]. 作物学报, 2024, 50(9): 2207-2218.

YAN Feng, DONG Yang, LI Qing-Quan, ZHAO Fu-Yang, HOU Xiao-Min, LIU Yang, LI Qing-Chao, ZHAO Lei, FAN Guo-Quan, LIU Kai. Comprehensively evaluation on cold tolerance of foxtail millet varieties at germination stage[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(9): 2207-2218.

图/表 8

表1

52份谷子品种名称及来源"

编号 No.	品种 Variety	来源 Sources	编号 No.	品种 Variety	来源 Sources
1	嫩选11 Nenxuan 11	黑龙江 Heilongjiang	27	金谷1号 Jingu 1	河北 Hebei
2	嫩选14 Nenxuan 14	黑龙江 Heilongjiang	28	冀谷27 Jigu 27	河北 Hebei
3	嫩选15 Nenxuan 15	黑龙江 Heilongjiang	29	冀谷30 Jigu 30	河北 Hebei
4	龙谷26 Longgu 26	黑龙江 Heilongjiang	30	保谷18 Baogu 18	河北 Hebei
5	龙谷31 Longgu 31	黑龙江 Heilongjiang	31	衡早1号 Hengzao 1	河北 Hebei
6	龙谷37 Longgu 37	黑龙江 Heilongjiang	32	衡早9号Hengzao 9	河北 Hebei
7	胜谷2号 Shenggu 2	黑龙江 Heilongjiang	33	坝谷214 Bagu 214	河北 Hebei
8	公矮5号 Gong’ai 5	吉林 Jilin	34	郑谷2号 Zhenggu 2	河南 Henan
9	公谷88 Gonggu 88	吉林 Jilin	35	郑谷4号 Zhenggu 4	河南 Henan
10	白谷6号 Baigu 6	吉林 Jilin	36	豫谷12 Yugu 12	河南 Henan
11	九谷15 Jiugu1 5	吉林 Jilin	37	豫谷18 Yugu 18	河南 Henan
12	九谷19 Jiugu 19	吉林 Jilin	38	豫谷31 Yugu 31	河南 Henan
13	九谷23 Jiugu 23	吉林 Jilin	39	豫谷32 Yugu 32	河南 Henan
14	朝谷14 Chaogu 14	辽宁 Liaoning	40	豫谷35 Yugu 35	河南 Henan
15	朝谷58 Chaogu 58	辽宁 Liaoning	41	鲁谷6号 Lugu 6	山东Shandong
16	朝438 Chao 438	辽宁 Liaoning	42	鲁谷7号 Lugu 7	山东Shandong
17	燕谷16 Yangu 16	辽宁 Liaoning	43	鲁谷10号Lugu 10	山东Shandong
18	燕谷18 Yangu 18	辽宁 Liaoning	44	陇谷4号 Longgu 4	甘肃 Gansu
19	朝新谷8号 Chaoxingu 8	辽宁 Liaoning	45	陇谷7号Longgu 7	甘肃 Gansu
20	赤谷1号Chigu 1	内蒙古 Inner Mongolia	46	陇谷13 Longgu 13	甘肃 Gansu
21	赤谷4号 Chigu 4	内蒙古 Inner Mongolia	47	大同25 Datong 25	山西 Shanxi
22	赤谷17 Chigu 17	内蒙古 Inner Mongolia	48	大同29 Datong 29	山西 Shanxi
23	峰红4号 Fenghong 4	内蒙古 Inner Mongolia	49	晋谷13 Jingu 13	山西 Shanxi
24	蒙黑谷8号 Mengheigu 8	内蒙古 Inner Mongolia	50	晋谷20 Jingu 20	山西 Shanxi
25	金苗K1 Jinmiao K1	内蒙古 Inner Mongolia	51	中谷2号 Zhonggu 2	北京 Beijing
26	金苗K2 Jinmiao K2	内蒙古 Inner Mongolia	52	中谷9号 Zhonggu 9	北京 Beijing

表1

图1

图2

附表1

参试谷子冷胁迫后各指标耐冷系数(8℃, 7 d)"

品种 Variety	发芽势 GE	发芽率 GP	发芽指数 GI	芽长 SL	根长 RL	芽鲜重 SFW	根鲜重 RFW
嫩选11 Nenxuan 11	0.840	0.747	0.330	0.614	0.772	0.681	0.533
嫩选14 Nenxuan 14	0.906	0.931	0.370	0.790	0.949	0.686	0.880
嫩选15 Nenxuan 15	0.850	0.910	0.336	0.710	0.885	0.594	0.793
龙谷26 Longgu 26	0.888	0.558	0.234	0.678	0.720	0.230	0.301
龙谷31 Longgu 31	0.811	0.903	0.292	0.802	0.962	0.623	0.851
龙谷37 Longgu 37	0.913	0.958	0.237	0.624	0.730	0.399	0.487
胜谷2号 Shenggu 2	0.958	0.890	0.299	0.725	0.802	0.615	0.833
公矮5号 Gong’ai 5	0.917	0.735	0.354	0.765	0.878	0.444	0.552
公谷88 Gonggu 88	0.960	0.807	0.339	0.664	0.520	0.479	0.597
白谷6号 Baigu 6	0.909	0.830	0.266	0.702	0.888	0.523	0.667
九谷15 Jiugu 15	0.920	0.826	0.313	0.687	0.782	0.620	0.710
九谷19 Jiugu 19	0.818	0.775	0.369	0.673	0.969	0.395	0.476
九谷23 Jiugu 23	0.803	0.840	0.247	0.851	0.952	0.455	0.562
朝谷14 Chaogu 14	0.870	0.986	0.246	0.661	0.863	0.562	0.722
朝谷58 Chaogu 58	0.920	0.909	0.291	0.487	0.893	0.364	0.415
朝438 Chao 438	0.912	0.892	0.227	0.819	0.658	0.627	0.855
燕谷16 Yangu 16	0.833	0.844	0.263	0.810	0.703	0.613	0.822
燕谷18 Yangu 18	0.947	0.750	0.262	0.533	0.896	0.377	0.444
朝新谷8号 Chaoxingu 8	0.917	0.873	0.257	0.729	0.530	0.620	0.589
赤谷1号Chigu 1	0.913	0.682	0.275	0.747	0.817	0.617	0.834
赤谷4号 Chigu 4	0.803	0.779	0.308	0.567	0.900	0.451	0.557
赤谷17 Vhigu 17	0.977	0.862	0.255	0.486	0.942	0.561	0.711
峰红4号 Fenghong 4	0.929	0.961	0.335	0.636	0.848	0.479	0.593
蒙黑谷8号 Mengheigu 8	0.880	0.896	0.218	0.727	0.892	0.676	0.933
金苗K1 Jinmiao K1	0.956	0.758	0.275	0.484	0.842	0.171	0.281
金苗K2 Jinmiao K2	0.875	0.672	0.297	0.655	0.580	0.429	0.535
金谷1号 Jingu 1	0.876	0.571	0.255	0.726	0.830	0.568	0.730
冀谷27 Jigu 27	0.950	0.905	0.310	0.564	0.662	0.396	0.476
冀谷30 Jigu 30	0.760	0.790	0.259	0.753	0.676	0.563	0.722
保谷18 Baogu 18	0.795	0.849	0.197	0.525	0.682	0.657	0.891
衡早1号 Hengzao 1	0.750	0.840	0.213	0.481	0.620	0.550	0.702
衡早9号Hengzao 9	0.792	0.732	0.288	0.614	0.858	0.390	0.471
坝谷214 Bagu 214	0.762	0.798	0.249	0.780	0.818	0.587	0.762
郑谷2号 Zhenggu 2	0.840	0.640	0.254	0.680	0.747	0.264	0.358
郑谷4号 Zhenggu 4	0.802	0.816	0.248	0.382	0.760	0.322	0.385
豫谷12 Yugu 12	0.696	0.838	0.248	0.569	0.550	0.600	0.807
豫谷18 Yugu 18	0.875	0.856	0.287	0.667	0.772	0.183	0.282
豫谷31 Yugu 31	0.625	0.708	0.167	0.442	0.690	0.408	0.515
豫谷32 Yugu 32	0.783	0.645	0.272	0.584	0.612	0.622	0.849
豫谷35 Yugu 35	0.404	0.771	0.248	0.569	0.845	0.405	0.500
鲁谷6号 Lugu 6	0.720	0.802	0.228	0.733	0.960	0.550	0.705
鲁谷7号 Lugu 7	0.961	0.460	0.287	0.427	0.610	0.367	0.429
鲁谷10号Lugu 10	0.763	0.797	0.232	0.721	0.887	0.385	0.451
陇谷4号 Longgu 4	0.609	0.738	0.231	0.600	0.730	0.484	0.602
陇谷7号Longgu 7	0.842	0.503	0.284	0.677	0.900	0.589	0.763
陇谷13 Longgu 13	0.960	0.921	0.360	0.720	0.848	0.530	0.620
大同25 Datong 25	0.792	0.630	0.355	0.519	0.740	0.464	0.565
大同29 Datong 29	0.894	0.853	0.322	0.520	0.780	0.479	0.591
晋谷13 Jingu 13	0.560	0.787	0.271	0.517	0.606	0.850	0.410
晋谷20 Jingu 20	0.383	0.637	0.340	0.600	0.806	0.582	0.746
中谷2号 Zhonggu 2	0.845	0.635	0.259	0.613	0.728	0.384	0.448
中谷9号 Zhonggu 9	0.792	0.801	0.248	0.619	0.860	0.396	0.479
平均值 Average	0.828	0.786	0.277	0.639	0.784	0.497	0.611
变异系数CV	0.153	0.150	0.166	0.174	0.155	0.276	0.284

附表1

图3

表2

表3

参试谷子品种冷胁迫下的综合指标值、隶属函数值、D值及预测值"

品种 Variety	X₁	X₂	X₃	U(X₁)	U(X₂)	U(X₃)	D值 D-value	排名 Rank	预测值 P-value
嫩选11 Nenxuan 11	0.750	0.731	0.794	0.651	0.428	0.525	0.472	33	0.495
嫩选14 Nenxuan 14	0.850	0.886	1.050	0.815	0.744	0.979	0.804	1	0.837
嫩选15 Nenxuan 15	0.786	0.868	0.986	0.709	0.706	0.865	0.699	10	0.717
龙谷26 Longgu 26	0.494	0.774	0.916	0.230	0.516	0.740	0.332	44	0.304
龙谷31 Longgu 31	0.814	0.897	1.012	0.755	0.765	0.911	0.758	5	0.767
龙谷37 Longgu 37	0.782	0.877	0.965	0.703	0.726	0.828	0.692	11	0.676
胜谷2号 Shenggu 2	0.862	0.831	0.977	0.834	0.632	0.848	0.738	7	0.741
公矮5号 Gong’ai 5	0.641	0.855	1.023	0.471	0.681	0.931	0.578	21	0.598
公谷88 Gonggu 88	0.797	0.628	0.938	0.728	0.218	0.780	0.518	29	0.539
白谷6号 Baigu 6	0.747	0.905	0.954	0.645	0.782	0.808	0.673	12	0.660
九谷15 Jiugu 15	0.809	0.789	0.930	0.747	0.546	0.765	0.636	16	0.639
九谷19 Jiugu 19	0.547	0.929	0.964	0.317	0.831	0.826	0.513	30	0.554
九谷23 Jiugu 23	0.718	0.919	1.062	0.597	0.811	1.000	0.713	9	0.706
朝谷14 Chaogu 14	0.843	0.921	0.957	0.803	0.814	0.813	0.773	2	0.758
朝谷58 Chaogu 58	0.626	1.008	0.905	0.445	0.992	0.721	0.608	17	0.598
朝438 Chao 438	0.962	0.712	0.986	1.000	0.389	0.865	0.752	6	0.735
燕谷16 Yangu 16	0.875	0.697	0.973	0.855	0.358	0.841	0.654	14	0.658
燕谷18 Yangu 18	0.582	0.967	0.865	0.373	0.909	0.651	0.519	28	0.495
朝新谷8号 Chaoxingu 8	0.938	0.621	0.932	0.96	0.203	0.769	0.639	15	0.636
赤谷1号Chigu 1	0.755	0.768	0.897	0.658	0.504	0.708	0.556	23	0.547
赤谷4号 Chigu 4	0.593	0.891	0.870	0.392	0.753	0.659	0.479	32	0.481
赤谷17 Chigu 17	0.729	1.012	0.812	0.616	1.000	0.556	0.657	13	0.623
峰红4号 Fenghong 4	0.762	0.926	0.998	0.670	0.825	0.886	0.724	8	0.736
蒙黑谷8号 Mengheigu 8	0.890	0.888	0.908	0.881	0.748	0.727	0.768	3	0.742
金苗K1 Jinmiao K1	0.425	0.915	0.874	0.116	0.802	0.666	0.345	41	0.436
金苗K2 Jinmiao K2	0.666	0.626	0.886	0.512	0.212	0.687	0.370	40	0.379
金谷1号 Jingu 1	0.659	0.756	0.847	0.500	0.479	0.618	0.433	35	0.413
冀谷27 Jigu 27	0.737	0.813	0.932	0.629	0.594	0.769	0.589	20	0.594
冀谷30 Jigu 30	0.796	0.661	0.917	0.726	0.285	0.742	0.529	25	0.529
保谷18 Baogu 18	0.821	0.710	0.749	0.767	0.384	0.444	0.498	31	0.489
衡早1号 Hengzao 1	0.763	0.688	0.734	0.671	0.339	0.419	0.422	36	0.404
衡早9号Hengzao 9	0.565	0.854	0.893	0.345	0.678	0.699	0.440	34	0.439
坝谷214 Bagu 214	0.785	0.768	0.936	0.708	0.503	0.776	0.603	18	0.593
郑谷2号 Zhenggu 2	0.526	0.784	0.934	0.281	0.536	0.773	0.377	38	0.368
郑谷4号 Zhenggu 4	0.548	0.872	0.772	0.318	0.714	0.486	0.374	39	0.358
豫谷12 Yugu 12	0.822	0.583	0.766	0.768	0.126	0.475	0.419	37	0.412
豫谷18 Yugu 18	0.607	0.882	1.037	0.415	0.735	0.955	0.573	22	0.568
豫谷31 Yugu 31	0.586	0.727	0.657	0.380	0.419	0.282	0.248	50	0.201
豫谷32 Yugu 32	0.724	0.581	0.728	0.608	0.121	0.408	0.309	46	0.307
豫谷35 Yugu 35	0.514	0.744	0.780	0.262	0.453	0.500	0.258	49	0.260
鲁谷6号 Lugu 6	0.703	0.885	0.914	0.572	0.742	0.738	0.598	19	0.583
鲁谷7号 Lugu 7	0.451	0.660	0.673	0.158	0.282	0.310	0.087	52	0.104
鲁谷10号Lugu 10	0.592	0.906	0.990	0.390	0.784	0.873	0.552	24	0.550
陇谷4号 Longgu 4	0.644	0.694	0.784	0.475	0.353	0.506	0.344	42	0.327
陇谷7号Longgu 7	0.578	0.771	0.793	0.368	0.510	0.523	0.343	43	0.330
陇谷13 Longgu 13	0.809	0.904	1.021	0.747	0.780	0.927	0.764	4	0.767
大同25 Datong 25	0.568	0.732	0.753	0.350	0.429	0.451	0.285	47	0.274
大同29 Datong 29	0.682	0.845	0.867	0.539	0.661	0.654	0.527	26	0.539
晋谷13 Jingu 13	0.667	0.597	0.741	0.514	0.155	0.430	0.275	48	0.321
晋谷20 Jingu 20	0.355	0.522	0.498	0	0	0	0.130	51	0.160
中谷2号 Zhonggu 2	0.563	0.736	0.838	0.342	0.438	0.603	0.327	45	0.342
中谷9号 Zhonggu 9	0.624	0.888	0.900	0.443	0.747	0.713	0.521	27	0.506

表3

图4

参考文献 30

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指标 Index	主成分Principle factor
指标 Index	I	II	III
发芽势 GP	0.173	0.373	0.140
发芽率 GR	0.134	0.284	0.321
发芽指数 GI	0.173	0.370	0.076
芽长 SL	0.353	0.067	0.293
根长 RL	0.028	0.139	0.846
芽鲜重 SFW	0.365	0.264	0.138
根鲜重 RFW	0.390	0.251	0.009
特征值 Eigen value	2.482	1.538	1.164
贡献率 Contribution ratio (%)	35.612	21.765	15.390
累计贡献率 Cumulative contribution ratio (%)	35.612	57.377	72.767

谷子育成品种萌芽期耐冷性综合评价

Comprehensively evaluation on cold tolerance of foxtail millet varieties at germination stage

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