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作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (12): 3377-3386.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.51039

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    

8份无芒雀麦种质资源的草产量与营养品质的综合评价

李琰1,2,3(), 李雨晨1,2,3, 于爱萍1,2,3, 陈爱萍1,2,3,*()   

  1. 1新疆农业大学草业学院, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830052
    2西部干旱荒漠区草地资源与生态教育部重点实验室, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830052
    3新疆草地资源与生态实验室, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830052
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-15 接受日期:2025-08-13 出版日期:2025-12-12 网络出版日期:2025-08-25
  • 通讯作者: *陈爱萍, E-mail: xjauchenaiping@sina.com
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 18103305006@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-34)

Comprehensive evaluation of forage yield and nutritional quality in eight Bromus inermis germplasm resources

LI Yan1,2,3(), LI Yu-Chen1,2,3, YU Ai-Ping1,2,3, CHEN Ai-Ping1,2,3,*()   

  1. 1College of Grassland Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China
    2Key Laboratory for Western Arid Region Grassland Resources and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China
    3Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2025-04-15 Accepted:2025-08-13 Published:2025-12-12 Published online:2025-08-25
  • Contact: *E-mail: xjauchenaiping@sina.com
  • Supported by:
    China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-34)

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摘要： 为筛选出适合新疆地区种植的高产优质无芒雀麦材料, 本研究于2022—2024年在新疆地区开展连续3年的田间试验, 系统评价了8份不同来源无芒雀麦种质资源的适应性表现。通过农艺性状观测、草产量测定和品质分析, 结合聚类分析、灰色关联度综合评价方法筛选出适宜当地种植的优良种质资源。结果表明, 13个性状的变异系数范围为3.87%~12.02%, 其中干草产量的变异系数最大。从农艺性状来看, 株高和茎粗均随种植年份的增加而显著提高。草产量随种植年限的增加呈先升后降的趋势, 2023年达到峰值, 其中W3在2022—2024年累积产量高于其他种质。品质分析表明, 3年的粗蛋白含量范围为9.14%~13.51%, 粗脂肪和粗灰分含量均在2022年达到最高, 除W7和W8外, 其他种质的中性洗涤纤维含量逐年上升。通过灰色关联度分析, W3的综合评分最高(0.7163), 适合作为新疆地区无芒雀麦育种的优选种质。

关键词: 无芒雀麦, 农艺性状, 草产量, 营养品质, 综合评价

Abstract:

To identify high-yielding and high-quality Bromus inermis germplasm suitable for cultivation in Xinjiang, a three-year field trial was conducted from 2022 to 2024, systematically evaluating the adaptability of eight germplasm sources. Agronomic traits, forage yield, and nutritional quality were assessed, and a comprehensive evaluation was performed using cluster analysis and grey relational analysis to screen for locally adapted superior germplasms. The results showed that the coefficient of variation across 13 traits ranged from 3.87% to 12.02%, with dry forage yield exhibiting the highest variability. In terms of agronomic performance, both plant height and stem diameter increased significantly over successive planting years. Forage yield followed a trend of increasing initially and then declining, peaking in 2023. Notably, germplasm W3 exhibited a significantly higher cumulative yield than the others over the three-year period. Quality analysis revealed that crude protein content ranged from 9.14% to 13.51% across the years, while ether extract and crude ash contents were highest in 2022. Except for W7 and W8, the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content of the remaining germplasms increased annually. Based on grey relational analysis, W3 achieved the highest comprehensive score (0.7163) and is recommended as a preferred germplasm for Bromus inermis breeding and cultivation in Xinjiang.

Key words: Bromus inermis, agronomic traits, forage yield, nutritional quality, comprehensive evaluation

表1

无芒雀麦来源"

编号
Code		 材料来源
Material source		 原产地
Origin
W1 新疆乌苏市草原工作站
Grassland station of Wusu city, Xinjiang		 新疆乌苏市
Wusu city, Xinjiang
W2 野外采集
Field collection		 新疆伊犁哈萨克自治州察布查尔锡伯自治县
Qapqal Xibe autonomous county, Ili Kazakh autonomous prefecture, Xinjiang
W3 中国农业科学院草原研究所
Grassland Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences		 中国农业科学院草原研究所
Grassland Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
W4 野外采集
Field collection		 新疆伊犁哈萨克自治州新源县
Xinyuan county, Ili Kazakh autonomous prefecture, Xinjiang
W5 野外采集
Field collection		 新疆伊犁哈萨克自治州
Ili Kazakh autonomous prefecture, Xinjiang
W6 野外采集
Field collection		 甘肃省武威市天祝藏族自治县
Tianzhu Tibetan autonomous county, Wuwei city, Gansu province
W7 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所
Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences		 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所
Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
W8 中国农业科学院草原研究所
Grassland Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural sciences		 新疆伊犁哈萨克自治州伊宁市
Yining city, Ili Kazakh autonomous prefecture, Xinjiang

表2

8份无芒雀麦变异系数分析"

性状
Trait		 平均值
Mean		 最大值
Max.		 最小值
Min.		 标准差
SD		 极差
Range		 变异系数
CV (%)
株高 Plant height (cm) 88.35 96.18 80.43 4.28 15.75 4.85
茎粗 Stem diameter (mm) 1.70 1.88 1.49 0.11 0.39 6.22
茎节数 Node number (cm) 5.98 7.35 5.23 0.46 2.12 7.65
倒二叶叶长 Inverted second leaf length (cm) 21.63 26.00 19.51 1.77 6.49 8.17
倒二叶叶宽 Inverted second leaf width (cm) 0.84 0.93 0.61 0.09 0.32 10.54
鲜草产量 Fresh yield (kg hm-2) 42,489.79 52,235.00 36,191.11 4253.18 16,043.89 10.01
干草产量 Hay yield (kg hm-2) 13,942.27 18,487.36 11,480.88 1675.50 7006.48 12.02
粗蛋白 Crude protein (%) 11.58 12.54 10.53 0.46 2.01 3.97
粗脂肪 Ether extract (%) 4.30 5.50 3.48 0.50 2.02 11.65
粗灰分 Crude ash (%) 10.04 11.06 9.29 0.48 1.77 4.82
中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (%) 58.60 63.35 53.94 2.39 9.41 4.08
酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (%) 35.88 38.25 33.03 1.39 5.22 3.87
相对饲用价值 Relative feed value 99.37 108.26 92.48 5.20 15.78 5.24

表3

主体间效应检验结果统计"

因变量
Dependent variable		 方差来源
Source of variance		 III类平方和
Sum of class III squares		 均方
Mean square		 F值
F-value		 P值
P-value
株高
Plant height		 种质材料Germplasm resources (G) 693.472 99.067 2.266 0.045
年份Year (Y) 21,820.578 10,910.289 249.581 <0.001
G×Y 827.207 59.086 1.352 0.214
茎粗
Stem diameter		 种质材料Germplasm resources (G) 0.375 0.054 2.763 0.017
年份Year (Y) 77.551 38.775 1997.013 <0.001
G×Y 0.415 0.030 1.528 0.137
倒二叶叶长
Inverted second leaf length		 种质材料Germplasm resources (G) 190.179 27.168 11.066 <0.001
年份Year (Y) 137.273 68.636 27.956 <0.001
G×Y 105.531 7.538 3.070 0.002
倒二叶叶宽
Inverted second leaf width		 种质材料Germplasm resources (G) 0.456 0.065 10.423 <0.001
年份Year (Y) 1.377 0.689 110.187 <0.001
G×Y 0.211 0.015 2.414 0.012
鲜草产量
Fresh yields		 种质材料Germplasm resources (G) 417,020,606.551 59,574,372.364 1.632 0.149
年份Year (Y) 10,847,849,069.793 5,423,924,534.897 148.608 <0.001
G×Y 593,542,760.283 42,395,911.449 1.162 0.334
干草产量
Hay yields		 种质材料Germplasm resources (G) 83,845,209.440 11,977,887.063 2.298 0.042
年份Year (Y) 2,224,284,135.063 1,112,142,067.532 213.367 <0.001
G×Y 77,008,108.095 5,500,579.150 1.055 0.419
粗蛋白含量
Crude protein content		 种质材料Germplasm resources (G) 6.629 0.947 1.880 0.094
年份Year (Y) 36.122 18.061 35.862 <0.001
G×Y 49.821 3.559 7.066 <0.001
粗脂肪含量
Ether extract content		 种质材料Germplasm resources (G) 14.543 2.078 11.419 <0.001
年份Year (Y) 214.046 107.023 588.264 <0.001
G×Y 19.493 1.392 7.653 <0.001
粗灰分含量
Crude ash content		 种质材料Germplasm resources (G) 13.310 1.901 8.938 <0.001
年份Year (Y) 63.534 31.767 149.318 <0.001
G×Y 4.974 0.355 1.670 0.094
相对饲用价值
Relative feed value		 种质材料Germplasm resources (G) 1267.293 181.042 6.031 <0.001
年份Year (Y) 10,763.329 5381.665 179.273 <0.001
G×Y 759.948 54.282 1.808 0.065

表4

8份无芒雀麦农艺性状的比较"

年份
Year		 编号
Code		 株高
Plant height
(cm)		 茎粗
Stem diameter
(mm)		 茎节数
Node number		 倒二叶叶长
Inverted second leaf length
(cm)		 倒二叶叶宽
Inverted second leaf width (cm)
2022 W1 67.28±4.25 ab 0.25±0.01 a 9.55±1.04 a 22.99±1.25 a 1.14±0.04 a
W2 58.08±0.21 cd 0.24±0.01 a 8.23±0.55 a 21.38±0.52 ab 1.08±0.03 abc
W3 62.47±1.32 bc 0.24±0.01 a 8.52±0.18 a 24.24±1.32 a 0.71±0.02 d
W4 65.93±1.42 ab 0.24±0.01 a 8.68±0.36 a 21.73±1.68 ab 1.13±0.08 ab
W5 68.30±0.76 ab 0.24±0.01 a 9.77±0.39 a 21.90±1.14 ab 1.07±0.08 abc
W6 71.69±2.68 a 0.20±0.01 a 9.20±0.58 a 23.25±0.47 a 0.96±0.05 c
W7 53.14±1.03 d 0.25±0.01 a 8.69±0.56 a 22.65±0.21 a 1.06±0.04 abc
W8 64.40±0.15 b 0.25±0.01 a 8.58±0.59 a 18.93±0.33 b 0.97±0.05 bc
2023 W1 98.85±2.15 abc 2.13±0.05 cd 5.46±0.29 a 18.43±0.57 c 0.76±0.01 a
W2 97.57±2.90 abcd 2.28±0.04 abcd 4.12±0.19 b 21.05±0.72 b 0.72±0.01 ab
W3 90.82±1.57 d 2.10±0.03 cd 3.98±0.03 b 25.47±0.90 a 0.52±0.02 c
W4 102.76±2.53 a 2.47±0.05 a 4.65±0.13 b 18.54±0.62 c 0.69±0.07 ab
W5 97.39±3.21 abcd 2.06±0.11 d 5.42±0.23 a 18.45±0.19 c 0.75±0.04 ab
W6 99.25±1.05 ab 2.37±0.07 abc 4.24±0.12 b 16.09±0.27 d 0.64±0.01 b
W7 91.57±3.53 cd 2.40±0.06 ab 4.05±0.32 b 19.53±0.65 bc 0.69±0.03 ab
W8 94.09±1.65 bcd 2.21±0.12 bcd 4.59±0.27 b 20.43±0.54 b 0.65±0.03 ab
2024 W1 101.81±3.59 b 2.46±0.16 a 4.87±0.26 a 21.98±1.43 b 0.76±0.03 b
W2 100.26±1.16 b 2.48±0.15 a 4.47±0.07 a 22.37±1.03 b 0.94±0.03 a
W3 107.73±1.24 b 2.76±0.10 a 4.34±0.34 a 27.49±0.66 a 0.75±0.10 b
W4 115.29±3.14 a 2.66±0.05 a 4.33±0.38 a 22.05±0.54 b 0.94±0.03 a
W5 102.34±1.49 b 2.50±0.09 a 4.11±0.10 a 24.05±0.63 b 0.77±0.06 b
W6 103.81±3.38 b 2.59 ±0.16 a 4.65±0.15 a 21.07±1.22 b 0.76±0.04 b
W7 99.90±1.27 b 2.79±0.12 a 4.57±0.32 a 22.75±1.40 b 0.89±0.04 ab
W8 105.72±2.60 b 2.54±0.07 a 4.52±0.12 a 22.42±1.01 b 0.84±0.03 ab

图1

8份无芒雀麦的干草产量 缩写同表1。不同小写字母表示同一年份不同材料间差异显著(P < 0.05)。"

表5

8份无芒雀麦营养品质的比较"

年份
Year		 编号
Code		 粗蛋白含量
Crude protein content (%)		 粗脂肪含量
Ether extract
content (%)		 粗灰分含量
Crude ash content (%)		 中性洗涤纤维含量
Neutral detergent fiber content (%)		 酸性洗涤纤维含量
Acid detergent fiber content (%)		 相对饲用价值
Relative
feed value
2022 W1 13.10±0.18 a 7.46±0.18 ab 11.35±0.18 abc 53.04±2.11 a 30.78±1.49 a 118.32±6.80 a
W2 11.14±0.16 d 6.35±0.32 cd 11.77±0.44 ab 50.64±2.14 a 30.02±0.53 a 122.07±4.39 a
W3 11.79±0.02 c 5.88±0.38 d 12.13±0.12 a 52.61±0.49 a 32.85±1.65 a 113.79±3.79 a
W4 12.08±0.18 bc 5.60±0.13 d 11.84±0.06 ab 53.59±1.67 a 30.96±0.26 a 114.52±2.42 a
W5 11.35±0.13 d 8.18±0.30 a 10.44±0.41 c 53.46±1.14 a 31.68±1.60 a 113.94±5.16 a
W6 11.84±0.15 c 7.04±0.16 bc 10.95±0.28 bc 54.23±0.30 a 30.60±1.39 a 111.67±2.11 a
W7 12.49±0.13 b 7.12±0.43 bc 11.18±0.36 bc 51.61±0.34 a 30.29±1.76 a 119.42±2.92 a
W8 13.51±0.11 a 6.21±0.13 cd 11.28±0.12 abc 50.93±0.94 a 30.23±1.66 a 119.58±3.94 a
2023 W1 11.92±0.77 ab 2.60±0.01 bc 8.74±0.07 d 61.55±1.18 ab 39.80±0.35 bc 88.79±1.56 abc
W2 10.90±0.39 b 3.80±0.14 a 9.62±0.34 abc 57.26±1.20 c 38.69±0.40 c 96.79 ±2.76 a
W3 11.51±0.56 ab 2.19±0.18 cd 10.25±0.45 a 61.90±0.93 a 42.98±1.28 a 84.86±2.80 c
W4 12.88±0.16 a 2.98±0.09 b 9.56±0.18 abcd 61.56±1.86 ab 40.66±0.71 abc 88.39±4.44 abc
W5 12.16±0.62 ab 3.77±0.27 a 8.83±0.16 cd 58.34±0.83 bc 38.10±0.65 c 95.86±1.36 ab
W6 10.60±0.35 b 2.88±0.11 b 8.99±0.20 bcd 60.77±0.28 ab 42.01±0.90 ab 88.53±1.98 abc
W7 12.75±0.33 a 2.11±0.06 d 9.02±0.25 bcd 62.27±0.45 a 38.20±1.05 abc 87.44±1.45 bc
W8 13.19±0.59 a 2.96±0.13 b 9.82±0.11 ab 59.62±0.96 abc 38.14±0.70 c 93.67±2.68 ab
2024 W1 10.62±0.83 abc 3.03±0.08 bc 8.79±0.48 c 62.29±0.94 b 37.21±0.37 ab 91.03±1.10 bc
W2 11.88±0.13 a 1.88±0.46 bc 9.09±0.11 c 62.22±1.09 b 36.84±0.82 ab 91.30±1.93 bc
W3 9.78±0.38 c 2.73±0.23 c 10.32±0.03 a 65.62±4.22 ab 36.69±1.58 ab 87.17±3.67 bcd
W4 10.17±0.21 bc 2.35±0.26 c 9.18±0.19 c 66.00±0.91 ab 37.88±1.99 a 84.31±2.47 cd
W5 11.83±0.79 a 2.07±0.28 bc 9.54±0.32 abc 60.92±1.74 bc 36.00±0.94 ab 94.30±3.57 b
W6 11.53±0.26 ab 2.50±0.42 ab 8.93±0.12 c 69.03±0.64 a 38.32±0.79 a 79.64±0.54 d
W7 9.70±0.32 c 2.10±0.08 c 9.21±0.40 bc 61.54±0.76 b 36.60±1.33 ab 92.79±2.25 b
W8 9.14±0.35 c 2.96±0.26 a 10.04±0.06 ab 55.46±2.12 c 33.04±1.63 b 106.70±1.99 a

图2

8份无芒雀麦聚类分析"

表6

8份无芒雀麦综合评价"

编号
Code		 加权关联度
Weighted gray correlation		 排序
Rank
W1 0.6553 5
W2 0.6448 6
W3 0.7163 1
W4 0.7036 2
W5 0.6711 4
W6 0.6399 7
W7 0.6396 8
W8 0.6864 3
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