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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (10): 2753-2765.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.21079

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of phosphorus application on spike and fertile floret development and yield of winter wheat under different water treatments

ZHANG Yan-Yan1(), GUAN Han-Wen1, LIU Lin-Ru1, HE Li1,2,3, DUAN Jian-Zhao1,2,3(), WANG Chen-Yang1,2, GUO Tian-Cai1,2, FENG Wei1,2,3()   

  1. 1Agronomy College of Henan Agriculture University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
    2State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
    3Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
  • Received:2022-12-01 Accepted:2023-04-17 Online:2023-10-12 Published:2023-05-17
  • Contact: E-mail: djz20008@163.com; E-mail: fengwei78@126.com
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(32101830);“13th Five-Year” National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0300204)

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Abstract:

To clarify the regulatory effect of phosphorus application on spike floret development and grain setting under different water treatments, three water treatments (severe drought W0, moderate drought W1, and normal water W2) and two phosphorus levels (no phosphorus fertilizer P0 and phosphorus fertilizer P1) were set up in 2020-2022 with the massive-spike variety Zhoumai 16 and the multi-spike variety Yumai 49-198 as the experimental materials. The effects of phosphorus application under different water treatments on the developmental dynamics of fertile florets, nutrient uptake, and transport of winter wheat were investigated by observing the florets development process using a dissecting microscope and measuring the dry matter, soluble sugar content, nitrogen content, phosphorus content, yield and its components. The results showed that drought stress affected the floret development and grain set, hindered above-ground dry matter synthesis and nutrient uptake, and reduced significantly yield. The application of phosphorus fertilizer optimized the development of spike and floret and reduced effectively the degeneration and abortion of florets. Phosphorus application promoted the dry matter weight, nitrogen and phosphorus content of spikes and shoot, soluble content of spikes, soluble sugar content of shoot under normal water, as well as the spike/shoot ratio of soluble sugar and phosphorus content, while soluble sugar content of shoot under drought stress, and the spike/shoot ratio of nitrogen content showed the opposite trend from eighteen days before flowering to the anthesis in both wheat varieties. Compared with no phosphorus fertilizer, phosphorus application treatments increased significantly grain number per spike and yield under all three water treatments, which were consistent for both varieties, with the increases of grain number per spike by 7.21%-20.97% (Zhoumai 16) and 7.56%-21.84% (Yumai 49-198) and yield increases by 13.41%-29.32% (Zhoumai 16) and 12.66%-29.76% (Yumai 49-198), with the most obvious effect of moderate drought, and in terms of the absolute number of spike grains and yield indexes, the massive-spike varieties were superior to the multiple-spike varieties. The effect of phosphorus application on spike number and 1000-grain weight were different. There was no significant difference in spike number between treatments of phosphorus application under severe drought and significant differences between treatments under moderate drought and normal water. The difference in 1000-grain weight among phosphorus application treatments under the three water treatments was not significant. In conclusion, phosphorus application under drought stress could promote above-ground nutrient production and uptake, optimize the distribution of soluble sugar, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the spike, provide sufficient nutrients for spike floret development, reduce the degradation of fertile florets, and thus increasing the number of grains per spike with the best regulation effect under moderate drought. The results of the study provide a theoretical basis and technical support for alleviating the adverse effects of drought stress on wheat growth through the application of phosphorus fertilizer.

Key words: winter wheat, drought stress, phosphorus fertilizer, floret development, yield

Fig. 1

Effect of phosphorus application on the developmental dynamics of wheat floret under different water treatments"

Fig. 2

Effect of phosphorus application on development morphology of fertile floret in wheat under different water treatments From the first spikelet number at the base of spike, the ninth spikelet in the middle was taken as example. In Fig. 2-F1, F2, F3, F4, and F5 (Floret 1, Floret 2, Floret 3, Floret 4, and Floret 5) represent different floret positions of the same spikelet."

Fig. 3

Effects of phosphorus application on dry matter accumulation dynamics of wheat spike and shoot under different water treatments"

Fig. 4

Effects of phosphorus application on soluble sugar content of wheat spike and shoot under different water treatments"

Fig. 5

Effects of phosphorus application on nitrogen content of wheat spike and shoot under different water treatments"

Fig. 6

Effects of phosphorus application on phosphorus content of wheat spike and shoot under different water treatments"

Fig. 7

Correlation between fertile florets and dry weight, N, P, and soluble sugar content Different colors indicate the intensity of the significant, and the closer to the red (plus) or blue (minus), the higher for the significance; the larger the circular diameter, the higher the correlation coefficient, × means not reach significant level (P > 0.05). sdm: spike dry matter; adm: shoot dry matter; sadm: spike/shoot dry matter; sss: spike soluble sugar content; ass: shoot soluble sugar content; sass: spike/shoot soluble sugar content; snc: spike nitrogen content; anc: shoot nitrogen content; sanc: spike/shoot nitrogen content; spc: spike phosphorus content; apc: shoot phosphorus content; sapc: spike/shoot phosphorus content."

Table 1

Effect of phosphorus application on yield and yield components of winter wheat under different water treatments"

年份
Year		 品种
Cultivar		 处理
Treatment		 每盆穗数
Spike number per pot		 穗粒数
Grain number per spike		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 单盆产量
Grain yield per pot (g)
2020-2021 周麦16
Zhoumai 16		 W0P0 18.30 e 28.90 f 50.94 a 26.62 f
W0P1 19.50 e 31.10 e 52.02 a 30.97 e
W1P0 27.00 d 34.75 d 48.60 bc 43.09 d
W1P1 32.50 c 41.50 c 50.33 ab 55.17 c
W2P0 34.25 b 43.15 b 46.22 d 57.68 b
W2P1 38.25 a 47.50 a 47.92 cd 68.08 a
豫麦
49-198
Yumai 49-198		 W0P0 21.50 d 23.50 f 49.52 a 22.83 f
W0P1 23.75 d 25.60 e 50.06 ab 26.04 e
W1P0 30.25 c 29.33 d 46.97 cd 40.87 d
W1P1 37.00 b 35.05 c 48.08 bc 53.67 c
W2P0 38.60 b 37.05 b 44.90 e 55.08 b
W2P1 44.00 a 40.40 a 45.60 de 64.27 a
2021-2022 周麦16
Zhoumai 16		 W0P0 19.70 d 27.07 f 51.24 a 26.42 f
W0P1 21.25 d 29.03 e 52.10 a 29.20 e
W1P0 25.50 c 33.68 d 48.60 b 40.09 d
W1P1 31.00 b 41.33 c 49.66 b 52.37 c
W2P0 30.50 b 44.45 b 46.50 c 55.57 b
W2P1 34.25 a 49.03 a 47.20 c 64.27 a
豫麦
49-198
Yumai 49-198		 W0P0 23.60 d 23.09 f 48.11 ab 25.76 f
W0P1 24.70 d 25.63 e 49.07 a 28.66 e
W1P0 29.25 c 28.61 d 46.92 b 38.83 d
W1P1 35.50 b 34.04 c 47.99 ab 49.77 c
W2P0 37.50 b 34.70 b 43.67 c 53.93 b
W2P1 41.00 a 39.43 a 44.10 c 62.79 a
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