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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (4): 1022-1036.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.44155

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effect of coating with fulvic acid and alginate oligosaccharide on emergence and yield of late-sown rapeseed

SHE Hui-Jie1(), SUN Ming-Zhu2, LI Shi-Gang3, WANG Dong-Xian3, CHENG Tai4, JIANG Bo4, CHEN Ai-Wu4, WANG Jing1, ZHAO Jie1, WANG Bo1, KUAI Jie1, XU Zheng-Hua1,*(), ZHOU Guang-Sheng1   

  1. 1College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University / Hubei Hongshan Laboratory / Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System for the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
    2Jiangxi Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Nanchang 330046, Jiangxi, China
    3Jingmen Meteorological Bureau, Jingmen 448000, Hubei, China
    4Hubei Department of Rape Production Management, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
  • Received:2024-09-14 Accepted:2024-12-12 Online:2025-04-12 Published:2024-12-20
  • Contact: E-mail: xzh@mail.hzau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province(2023BBB028);Hubei Provincial Project(HBZY2023B001-01)

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Abstract:

Delayed sowing significantly reduces the seedling emergence rate and overwintering biomass of oilseed rape. Ensuring high seedling emergence quality and increasing overwintering biomass are crucial strategies for improving the stress resistance and yield stability of late-sown oilseed rape. Using the rapeseed variety Zhongshuang 11, seven treatments were implemented, including a bare seed control (CK), basic pelletizing formulation (BC4), basic coating formulation (BC0), pelletizing with 2% fulvic acid (2%F) and 3% alginate oligosaccharide (3%H), and coating with 200 mg L-1 fulvic acid (200F) and 400 mg L-1 alginate oligosaccharide (400H). A field experiment was conducted in Wuhan, China, with sowing on October 26, to evaluate the effects of these treatments on germination, seedling growth, and yield performance of late-sown rapeseed. The results, this study investigated the effects of seed coatings containing fulvic acid and alginate oligosaccharides (via pelleting and coating) on improving seedling emergence, enhancing cold tolerance, and increasing overwintering biomass. Obtained over two years, showed that the emergence rate in the CK treatment was 53.6% and 59.4% in the 2022-2023 and 2023-2024 seasons, respectively. Treatments with fulvic acid and alginate oligosaccharides significantly improved emergence rates compared to CK, BC4, and BC0. These coatings also increased dry matter accumulation during the overwintering period and significantly enhanced plant height and root collar diameter compared to CK. Yield performance varied among treatments. Compared to CK, yields of pelletized seeds with 2% fulvic acid and 3% alginate oligosaccharide increased by 11.35% and 13.05% in 2022-2023, and by 16.01% and 18.20% in 2023-2024, respectively. Improving cold resistance during the overwintering period was a critical mechanism for enhancing biomass and yield through fulvic acid and alginate oligosaccharide treatments. Both fulvic acid and alginate oligosaccharide treatments significantly increased soluble sugar and proline contents in rapeseed seedlings under low-temperature conditions, enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities, and reduced the levels of H2O2, malondialdehyde (MDA), and O2-, thereby mitigating low-temperature damage. Notably, the soluble sugar content in seedlings treated with 400 mg L-1 alginate oligosaccharide coating was 53.5% higher than that in CK, while the MDA content in seedlings treated with 200 mg L-1 fulvic acid coating decreased by 53.38% compared to CK. Additionally, these treatments increased indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content in rapeseed seedlings. The findings of this study provide technical support for enhancing the stress resistance and yield stability of late-sown oilseed rape.

Key words: rapeseed, late-sowing, seed pelletization, seed coating, fulvic acid, alginate oligosaccharide

Table 1

Screening of seed pelletization concentration of fulvic acid and alginate oligosaccharide"

物质
Substance		 编号
Number		 浓度
Concentration		 物质
Substance		 编号
Number		 浓度
Concentration
黄腐酸
Fulvic acid		 1%F 1.0% 褐藻寡糖
Alginate
oligosaccharide		 1%H 1.0%
2%F 2.0% 2%H 2.0%
3%F 3.0% 2.5%H 2.5%
4%F 4.0% 3%H 3.0%
5%F 5.0% 3.5%H 3.5%
4%H 4.0%
对照
Control		 CK 裸种子
Bare seed		 BC4 丸粒化基础配方
Pelletizing basic formulation

Table 2

Screening of seed coating concentration of fulvic acid and alginate oligosaccharide"

物质
Substance		 编号
Number		 浓度
Concentration		 物质
Substance		 编号
Number		 浓度
Concentration
黄腐酸
Fulvic acid		 100F 100 mg L-1 褐藻寡糖
Alginate oligosaccharide		 200H 200 mg L-1
200F 200 mg L-1 400H 400 mg L-1
300F 300 mgL-1 600H 600 mg L-1
400F 400 mg L-1 800H 800 mg L-1
对照
Control		 CK 裸种子
Bare seed		 BC0 包膜基础配方
Coating basic formulation

Table 3

Different exogenous substances and concentrations used for seed pelletization and coating late-sowing rapeseed"

对照
Contrast		 编号
Number		 丸粒化
Seed pelletization		 编号
Number		 包膜
Seed coating		 编号
Number
裸种子
Bare seed		 CK 2%黄腐酸
2% fulvic acid		 2%F 200 mg L-1黄腐酸
200 mg L-1 fulvic acid		 200F
丸粒化基础配方
Pelletizing basic formulation		 BC4 3%褐藻寡糖
3% alginate oligosaccharide		 3%H 400 mg L-1褐藻寡糖
400 mg L-1 alginate oligosaccharide		 400H
包膜基础配方
Coating basic formulation		 BC0

Fig. 1

The main meteorological factors in 2022-2023 and 2023-2024 growing season"

Table 4

Effect of fulvic acid and alginate oligosaccharide pelletization on seed germination and seedling growth of rapeseed under low-temperature conditions"

处理
Treatment		 平均发芽
时间
Mean
germination
time (d)		 发芽率
Germination
rate
(%)		 平均出苗
时间
Mean
emergence
time (d)		 出苗率
Emergence
rate
(%)		 根干重
Dry weight
of root
(mg)		 苗干重
Dry weight
of shoot
(mg)		 根长
Root length
(cm)		 苗长
Stem
length
(cm)
黄腐酸
丸粒化
Fulvic acid
pelletization		 CK 3.34 d 86.67 c 11.41 a 84.67 b 1.97 c 4.02 c 6.37 a 1.70 c
BC4 3.43 d 85.33 c 11.37 a 82.33 b 2.01 c 4.07 c 6.32 a 1.76 c
1%F 4.08 c 94.67 ab 10.48 b 94.67 a 2.45 b 4.61 ab 6.05 a 2.11 b
2%F 4.19 c 98.67 a 10.42 b 96.00 a 2.55 a 4.88 a 6.13 a 2.44 a
3%F 4.32 bc 97.33 ab 10.67 b 92.00 a 2.48 b 4.67 a 6.23 a 2.43 a
4%F 4.67 b 93.33 abc 10.80 b 90.67 a 2.60 a 4.81 a 6.34 a 2.28 b
5%F 5.19 a 90.67 bc 11.25 a 86.00 b 2.32 bc 4.31 b 5.78 a 2.19 b
褐藻寡糖
丸粒化
Alginate
oligosaccharide pelletization		 CK 4.19 a 86.00 c 11.18 a 82.00 b 1.87 b 3.66 d 5.87 bc 1.74 d
BC4 4.07 a 85.67 c 11.20 a 82.00 b 1.83 b 3.73 d 5.75 bc 1.81 d
1%H 3.92 b 94.00 b 10.62 d 89.33 a 2.13 a 4.40 bc 6.48 ab 2.19 bc
2%H 3.87 bc 93.33 b 10.53 d 90.67 a 2.50 a 4.77 b 6.32 abc 2.13 bcd
2.5%H 3.61 cd 96.00 ab 10.52 d 92.00 a 2.52 a 4.64 bc 6.96 a 2.63 a
3%H 3.44 d 99.33 a 10.31 d 94.00 a 2.52 a 5.36 a 6.92 a 2.46 ab
3.5%H 3.50 d 96.00 ab 10.53 d 90.00 a 2.45 a 4.24 c 5.57 c 2.02 cd
4%H 3.62 cd 91.33 b 10.56 d 92.00 a 2.44 a 4.38 bc 5.91 bc 2.17 bc

Table 5

Effect of fulvic acid and alginate oligosaccharide coating on seed germination and seedling growth of rapeseed at low temperature"

处理
Treatment		 平均发芽时间
Mean germination time
(d)		 发芽率
Germination rate
(%)		 平均出苗时间
Mean emergence time
(d)		 出苗率
Emergence rate
(%)
黄腐酸
包膜
Fulvic acid coating		 CK 3.89 a 91.33 b 11.07 d 80.67 b
BC0 3.77 b 84.67 c 11.87 a 72.67 c
100F 3.46 e 92.67 b 11.50 c 82.00 b
200F 3.50 d 96.00 a 11.19 d 84.67 a
300F 3.69 c 95.33 a 11.74 b 84.67 a
400F 3.67 c 92.67 b 11.88 a 80.67 b
褐藻寡糖
包膜
Alginate oligosaccharide coating		 CK 3.44 a 93.33 c 12.37 a 71.33 d
BC0 3.30 b 94.00 c 12.10 b 71.33 d
200H 3.10 c 95.33 ab 12.02 b 81.33 b
400H 2.98 d 96.00 ab 10.52 d 84.67 a
600H 2.80 e 97.33 a 11.01 c 85.33 a
800H 3.35 ab 94.00 c 12.13 b 76.67 c
处理
Treatment		 根干重
Dry weight of root (mg)		 苗干重
Dry weight of shoot (mg)		 根长
Root length(cm)		 苗长
Stem length (cm)
黄腐酸
包膜
Fulvic acid coating		 CK 1.20 bc 4.10 d 7.01 b 1.93 e
BC0 1.04 e 4.16 c 7.09 a 2.11 c
100F 1.18 c 4.22 b 7.08 a 2.14 bc
200F 1.25 a 4.34 a 7.00 b 2.25 a
300F 1.23 bc 4.24 b 6.92 c 2.19 ab
400F 1.09 d 4.16 c 6.86 d 2.01 d
褐藻寡糖
包膜
Alginate oligosaccharide coating		 CK 1.19 b 4.15 d 6.24 c 2.34 c
BC0 1.05 c 4.48 c 6.15 d 2.38 c
200H 1.29 a 4.67 b 6.73 b 2.53 a
400H 1.27 a 4.77 a 6.93 a 2.57 a
600H 1.26 a 4.61 b 6.70 b 2.47 b
800H 1.22 b 4.35 d 6.75 b 2.21 d

Fig. 2

Effect of fulvic acid, alginate oligosaccharide pelletization and coating on seedling emergence of of late-sowing rapeseed Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments within the same year at P < 0.05. Treatments are the same as those given in Table 3."

Table 6

Effect of fulvic acid, alginate oligosaccharide pelletization and coating on key agronomic traits of late-sowing rapeseed at wintering satage"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 株高
Plant height
(cm)		 根颈粗
Root-crown diameter (mm)		 绿叶数
Green
leaves		 总叶数
Total
leaves		 地上部干重
Dry weight of shoot (g plant-1)		 地下部干重
Dry weight of root (g plant-1)
2022-
2023		 CK 20.21 c 3.75 c 4.67 d 5.11 c 1.49 d 0.14 b
BC4 22.08 abc 3.73 c 5.00 cd 5.67 b 1.53 cd 0.13 b
2%F 22.95 ab 4.33 b 6.00 a 6.33 a 1.94 ab 0.18 ab
3%H 23.90 a 4.25 b 5.67 b 5.67 b 1.95 ab 0.20 ab
BC0 21.46 bc 3.83 c 5.33 c 5.44 bc 1.83 bc 0.14 b
200F 23.16 ab 4.89 a 5.67 b 5.67 b 2.25 a 0.22 ab
400H 23.23 ab 4.31 b 5.67 b 5.89 b 2.02 ab 0.26 a
2023-
2024		 CK 16.70 c 3.05 c 5.00 c 6.11 a 0.80 c 0.18 d
BC4 16.74 c 3.07 c 4.44 d 5.67 b 0.76 c 0.19 d
2%F 20.00 a 4.26 a 5.67 a 6.44 a 1.29 a 0.20 cd
3%H 20.00 a 4.39 a 5.11 bc 6.33 a 1.14 b 0.28 a
BC0 17.77 bc 3.42 bc 4.45 d 5.22 c 0.82 c 0.13 e
200F 18.36 b 4.49 a 5.56 ab 6.22 a 1.27 a 0.22 bc
400H 20.09 a 3.89 ab 4.67 cd 5.67 b 1.28 a 0.24 b
方差分析ANOVA
年份Year (Y) ** ** ** ** ** **
处理Treatment (T) ** ** ** ** ** **
年份×处理Y×T ns ** ** ** ns ns

Table 7

Effects of fulvic acid, alginate oligosaccharide pelletization and coating on yield and yield components of late-sowing rapeseed"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 产量
Yield
(kg hm-2)		 成株率
Survival
rate (%)		 单株产量
Yield
per plant (g)		 单株角果数
Pod number per plant		 每角粒数
Seed number
per pod		 千粒重
1000-seed
weight (g)
2022-
2023		 CK 2074.72 d 67.86 b 4.16 d 56.77 c 21.29 a 3.42 a
BC4 2230.64 bc 68.65 b 4.07 d 59.60 bc 20.04 a 3.40 a
2%F 2310.14 ab 74.60 a 4.62 b 66.30 a 20.82 a 3.44 a
3%H 2345.54 a 75.00 a 4.82 a 67.47 a 20.91 a 3.42 a
BC0 2127.40 cd 71.03 ab 4.34 c 60.13 b 20.75 a 3.43 a
200F 2232.61 bc 74.36 a 4.39 c 62.50 b 20.45 a 3.48 a
400H 2260.87 ab 71.83 ab 4.84 a 68.40 a 20.36 a 3.48 a
2023-
2024		 CK 1373.53 e 69.12 c 3.18 e 52.14 e 19.86 a 3.07 a
BC4 1418.02 d 68.58 c 3.32 d 54.30 d 19.83 a 3.08 a
2%F 1594.43 ab 77.22 a 3.36 cd 55.71 bcd 20.25 a 3.08 a
3%H 1623.86 a 78.96 a 3.59 b 57.60 ab 20.03 a 3.09 a
BC0 1416.48 d 69.12 c 3.35 d 54.94 cd 19.62 a 3.07 a
200F 1545.41 c 71.81 bc 3.67 a 59.28 a 19.73 a 3.09 a
400H 1564.52 bc 75.27 ab 3.43 c 56.86 bc 19.58 a 3.08 a
方差分析ANOVA
年份Year (Y) ** ns ** ** ** **
处理Treatment (T) ** ** ** ** ns ns
年份×处理Y×T ns ns ** * ns ns

Table 8

Quality index of seed pelletization"

丸粒化处理
Pelleting
treatment		 裂解度
Cracking rate (%)		 有籽率
Seed rate
(%)		 单籽率
Single seed rate (%)		 单粒抗压强度
Compressive
strength (N)		 丸粒化倍数
Pelletization multiple		 整齐度
Uniformity
(%)
SC4 100 97 94 3.3 1.5 94
2%F 100 98 95 3.2 1.5 94
3%H 100 97 95 3.3 1.5 96

Fig. 3

Effect of fulvic acid, fucoidan pelletization and coating on osmotic adjustment substances in rape seedlings under low-temperature conditions Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments within the same year at P < 0.05. Treatments are the same as those given in Table 3."

Fig. 4

Effect of fulvic acid, fucoidan pelletization and coating on the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in rape seedlings under low-temperature conditions Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments within the same year at P < 0.05. Treatments are the same as those given in Table 3."

Fig. 5

Effect of fulvic acid, fucoidan pelletization and coating on antioxidant enzyme activity of rape seedlings at low temperature Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments within the same year at P < 0.05. Treatments are the same as those given in Table 3."

Fig. 6

Effect of fulvic acid, alginate oligosaccharide pelletization and coating on hormone content of rapeseed seedlings at low-temperature conditions Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments within the same year at P < 0.05. Treatments are the same as those given in Table 3."

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