氮肥对非充分灌溉下棉花花铃期光合特性及产量的补偿作用

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.01196

Abstract

Abstract:

Cotton cultivar ‘Xinluzhong 54’ was used to study the compensation effect of nitrogen fertilizer on photosynthetic characteristics and yield and its mechanism during cotton flowering boll-setting stage under non-sufficient drip irrigation, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the efficient use of water and fertilizer for cotton in arid area. Split plot experiment design was used, the main area included total drip irrigation amount of 2800 m ³ ha ^-1 (non-sufficient drip irrigation) and 3800 m ³ ha ^-1 (conventional drip irrigation), the secondary area had four nitrogen (pure N) levels (0, 150, 300, and 450 kg ha ^-1). Under the same nitrogen fertilizer treatment, the leaf area index (LAI) of cotton at flowering and boll-setting stage, net photosynthetic rate (P_n), transpiration rate (T_r), accumulation and allocation of photosynthate, boll number of single plant, single boll weight and seed cotton yield of non-sufficient drip irrigation treatment were lower than those of conventional drip irrigation treatment, while seed cotton yield rate and drip irrigation water productivity were higher. Under the same drip irrigation amount, with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer amount, LAI of cotton at flowering and boll-setting stage and photosynthate accumulation increased first and decreased then, showing a trend of N450>N300>N150>N0, and T_r, P_n, allocation proportion of photosynthate to reproductive organ, boll number of single plant, single boll weight, seed cotton yield, seed cotton yield rate and drip irrigation water productivity showed a trend of N300>N450>N150>N0. The compensation effect of increasing nitrogen fertilizer under non-sufficient drip irrigation condition increased first and decreased then with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer amount, the compensation effect of N300 treatment was most significant, P_n of cotton flowering and boll-setting stage P_nincreased by 10.9% averagely, the allocation proportion of photosynthate translocated to reproductive organ increased by 10.7%, boll number of single plant, single boll weight, seed cotton yield rate and drip irrigation water productivity increased by 5.0%, 8.0%, 7.1%, and 7.5%, respectively. The influence of nitrogen fertilizer on photosynthetic characteristics and yield components of cotton at flowering and boll-setting stage was greater than that of water. The compensation effect was the maximum when nitrogen fertilizer increased to 300 kg ha ^-1 under non-sufficient drip irrigation condition, though the yield decreased by 1.3% compared with conventional drip irrigation treatment. Therefore, in natural ecological conditions of South Xinjiang, 300 kg ha ^-1 nitrogen application with non-sufficient drip irrigation is suitable for cotton at production with better, LAI, T_r, P_n and photosynthate accumulation and translocated compensation effect to reproductive organ, as well as the maximum yield compensation effect and water conservation of 26.3%.

Key words: cotton, non-sufficient drip irrigation, nitrogen fertilizer, photosynthetic characteristics, drip irrigation water productivity, yield, compensation effect

Hong-Liang SHI,Qing-Qing YAN,Ju-Song ZHANG,Chun-Yan LI,Hai-Tao DOU. Compensation Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield during Cotton Flowering Boll-setting Stage under Non-sufficient Drip Irrigation[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2018, 44(8): 1196-1204.

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References 34

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年份 Year	土层深度 Soil depth (cm)	全氮 Total N (g kg^-1)	有机质 Organic matter (g kg^-1)	水解性氮 Hydrolytic N (mg kg^-1)	有效磷 Available P (mg kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg kg^-1)
2015	0-20	0.50	6.90	105.00	32.40	131.00
	20-40	0.40	5.60	70.80	21.60	168.00
	40-60	0.20	2.20	45.00	2.60	240.00
2016	0-20	0.62	8.00	32.60	24.80	111.00
	20-40	0.44	3.00	23.20	6.00	126.00
	40-60	0.34	2.00	13.80	1.80	152.00

处理 Treatment	日期 Date (day/month)
处理 Treatment	10/04- 12/04	16/06- 20/06	23/06- 27/06	30/06- 04/07	07/07- 11/07	14/07- 18/07	21/07- 25/07	28/07- 01/08	04/08- 08/08	11/08- 15/08	18/08- 22/08
灌溉量 Drip irrigation amount
2800 m³ hm^-2		168.0	224.0	280.0	336.0	392.0	392.0	336.0	280.0	224.0	168.0
3800 m³ hm^-2		228.0	304.0	380.0	456.0	532.0	532.0	456.0	380.0	304.0	228.0
施氮量 Nitrogen application
N0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
N150	30	7.2	9.6	12.0	14.4	16.8	16.8	14.4	12.0	9.6	7.2
N300	60	14.4	19.2	24.0	28.8	33.6	33.6	28.8	24.0	19.2	14.4
N450	90	21.6	28.8	36.0	43.2	50.4	50.4	43.2	36.0	28.8	21.6

灌溉量 Drip irrigation amount	氮肥处理 N treatment	2015				2016
灌溉量 Drip irrigation amount	氮肥处理 N treatment	初花期 FP	盛花期 FF	盛铃期 FB	吐絮期 OB	初花期 FP	盛花期 FF	盛铃期 FB	吐絮期 OB
2800 m³ hm^-2	N0	32.5 e	35.3 f	28.8 d	15.1 f	31.9 f	33.4 f	25.1 d	5.5 d
	N150	34.7 d	38.4 d	34.8 c	17.6 de	33.8 de	37.6 de	25.7 d	6.4 cd
	N300	40.5 ab	45.9 b	44.8 a	22.7 a	40.5 ab	43.9 ab	42.9 a	9.5 a
	N450	38.2 c	43.1 c	41.8 b	19.9 bc	37.8 c	41.3 c	38.0 b	7.3 bc
3800 m³ hm^-2	N0	34.1 d	36.6 e	30.1 d	17.1 e	33.5 e	35.8 e	27.1 cd	7.3 bc
	N150	35.0 d	38.9 d	35.1 c	18.8 cd	34.8 d	38.8 d	28.1 c	7.7 bc
	N300	41.6 a	46.8 a	45.8 a	23.4 a	41.2 a	44.6 a	43.6 a	10.3 a
	N450	39.8 b	43.9 c	42.6 b	20.8 b	39.7 b	42.3 bc	38.6 b	8.8 ab

灌溉量 Drip irrigation amount	氮肥处理 N treatment	2015				2016
灌溉量 Drip irrigation amount	氮肥处理 N treatment	初花期 FP	盛花期 FF	盛铃期 FB	吐絮期 OB	初花期 FP	盛花期 FF	盛铃期 FB	吐絮期 OB
2800 m³ hm^-2	N0	5.2 d	5.7 d	5.5 d	3.1 d	4.6 d	5.1 c	4.4 e	1.8 d
	N150	5.5 cd	6.1 d	5.9 cd	3.4 cd	5.4 c	5.9 bc	5.2 d	2.2 de
	N300	6.2 ab	7.3 ab	7.1 ab	4.8 ab	6.2 ab	7.0 a	6.9 ab	3.2 ab
	N450	5.9 abc	6.8 bc	6.8 b	4.5 b	5.6 bc	6.5 ab	6.1 c	2.6 cd
3800 m³ hm^-2	N0	5.6 bcd	6.2 d	6.0 c	3.5 cd	5.8 abc	5.9 bc	5.9 cd	2.5 cd
	N150	5.9 abc	6.3 cd	6.2 c	3.7 c	6.1 ab	6.3 ab	6.1 c	2.9 cd
	N300	6.4 a	7.7 a	7.2 a	5.0 a	6.4 a	7.2 a	7.1 a	3.3 a
	N450	6.2 ab	7.3 ab	7.0 ab	5.0 a	5.9 abc	6.9 a	6.4 bc	3.1 ab

灌溉量 Drip irrigation amount	氮肥处理 N treatment	2015			2016
灌溉量 Drip irrigation amount	氮肥处理 N treatment	光合物质积累 PA (g)	营养器官分配 VOA (%)	生殖器官分配 ROA (%)	光合物质积累 PA (g)	营养器官分配 VOA (%)	生殖器官分配 ROA (%)
2800 m³ hm^-2	N0	52.3 h	72.1 a	27.9 h	42.2 h	63.9 a	36.1 h
	N150	58.0 f	68.2 c	31.8 f	49.1 g	60.6 c	39.4 f
	N300	84.7 d	60.9 g	39.1 b	76.0 c	52.7 g	47.3 b
	N450	85.9 c	64.6 e	35.4 d	74.7 d	55.2 e	44.8 d
3800 m³ hm^-2	N0	57.4 g	70.2 b	29.8 g	50.4 f	61.7 b	38.3 g
	N150	63.0 e	66.8 d	33.2 e	56.6 e	59.1 d	40.9 e
	N300	87.9 b	59.6 h	40.4 a	79.9 a	51.9 h	48.1 a
	N450	91.8 a	64.3 f	35.7 c	78.4 b	54.6 f	45.4 c

Compensation Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield during Cotton Flowering Boll-setting Stage under Non-sufficient Drip Irrigation

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变异来源 Source of variation	单株结铃数BN		单铃重BW		籽棉产量SCY		灌溉水生产力IWP
变异来源 Source of variation	MS	F	MS	F	MS	F	MS	F
年份 Year (Y)	18.4	460.2^**	2.0	102.7^**	160534.9	2.8	0	2.6
灌溉 Drip irrigation (W)	0.2	4.1	0	0.8	146835.9	2.6	2.5	408.4^**
氮肥 N fertilizer (N)	24.2	201.5^**	6.2	106.7^**	32525954.1	190.2^**	3.2	176.6^**
Y×W	0	0	0	0.1	7971.4	0.1	0.0	0.0
Y×N	1.2	10.3^**	0.4	5.9^**	1984708.9	11.6^**	0.2	11.0^**
W×N	0.1	0.3	0	0.6	37744.6	0.2	0.1	5.8
Y×W×N	0	0.2	0	0.3	8937.6	0.1	0	0.4
误差 Error	1.3		0.6		1824487.0		0.2

年份 Year	灌溉量 Drip irrigation amount	氮肥处理 N treatment	单株结铃数 BN	单铃重 BW (g)	籽棉产量 SCY (kg hm^-2)	灌溉水生产力 IWP (kg m^-3)	籽棉增产率 SCYR (%)
2015	2800 m³ hm^-2	N0	3.8 c	5.2 b	4147.4 c	1.5 c
		N150	4.4 b	6.1 a	4796.1 b	1.7 b	13.4 c
		N300	5.3 a	6.2 a	5797.5 a	2.1 a	28.2 a
		N450	5.1 a	6.2 a	5543.3 a	2.0 a	18.8 abc
	3800 m³ hm^-2	N0	4.0 c	5.3 b	4321.1 c	1.1 d
		N150	4.5 b	6.0 a	4847.5 b	1.3 d	10.7 c
		N300	5.4 a	6.2 a	5836.9 a	1.5 c	25.9 a
		N450	5.1 a	6.2 a	5618.3 a	1.5 c	22.8 ab
2016	2800 m³ hm^-2	N0	4.8 d	5.0 d	3808.4 d	1.4 c
		N150	5.3 bc	5.3 c	4479.2 c	1.6 b	14.8 c
		N300	6.7 a	5.9 ab	6337.9 ab	2.3 s	39.8 a
		N450	6.7 a	5.7 b	6018.3 b	2.2 a	36.6 ab
	3800 m³ hm^-2	N0	5.0 cd	5.0 d	4041.9 d	1.1 e
		N150	5.3 b	5.4 c	4629.7 c	1.2 d	12.6 c
		N300	7.0 a	5.9 a	6464.3 a	1.7 b	37.4 ab
		N450	6.7 a	5.7 b	6053.6 b	1.6 b	33.2 b

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