秸秆还田与化肥配施对汉中盆地稻麦轮作农田土壤固碳及经济效益的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.92013

Abstract

Abstract:

A two-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the response of soil carbon sequestration, crop yield and economic benefit to rates of NPK application and straw returning under rice-wheat rotation from 2015 to 2017. The experiment included five treatments: application of NPK without straw returning (SN+NPK), application of NPK with straw returning (S+NPK), application of NPK with decayed straw returning (SD+NPK), application of NPK with 15% reduction plus decayed straw returning (SD+85%NPK) and application of NPK with 15% reduction plus decayed straw returning (SD+70%NPK). Compared with SN+NPK, total organic carbon (TOC) and active organic carbon (LOC) in 0-15 cm depth increased by 3.62%-25.07% and 23.01%-46.79% in the treatments of straw returning plus different returned NPK application, respectively. Both S+NPK and SD+NPK treatments increased organic carbon storage (SCS) in 0-30 cm soil layer by 4.67% and 18.20%, but SD+85%NPK and SD+70%NPK decreased the SCS by 8.31% and 9.83%, respectively. Compared with SN+NPK, both S+NPK and SD+NPK increased grain yields for wheat and rice. However, SD+85%NPK and SD+70%NPK treatments significantly reduced grain yields for wheat and rice. Compared with SN+NPK treatment, the increase in annual average yield was 3.47% for S+NPK, 8.70% for SD+NPK, -3.65% for SD+85%NPK, and -8.12% for SD+70%NPK, while the increase of annual net profit in two years was 16.91%, 23.56%, 6.02%, and 1.06%, respectively. Soil organic carbon, crop yield and efficiency were the highest in the SD+NPK treatment, but lowest in SD+70%NPK. Compared with SD+70%NPK treatment, SD+85%NPK did not affect the annual average yield, but slightly increased the annual net profit due to a cost reduction caused by less fertilizer application with a total reduction of 80 kg ha ^-1. In conclusion, the combination of straw returning with NPK fertilization is an effective farming practice to improve soil carbon sequestration, crop yield and economic benefits in Hanzhong basin. Considering the environment and economic effects, decayed straw returning with 15% reduction in NPK application is more suitable to achieve the fertilizer reduction and green production.

Key words: rice-wheat rotation, straw return, fertilizer reduction, soil organic carbon, annual productivity

WU Yu-Hong,HAO Xing-Shun,TIAN Xiao-Hong,CHEN Hao,ZHANG Chun-Hui,CUI Yue-Zhen,QIN Yu-Hang. Effect of straw returning combined with NPK fertilization on soil carbon sequestration and economic benefits under rice-wheat rotation in Hanzhong basin[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2020, 46(02): 259-268.

Figures/Tables 5

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秸秆类型 Straw type	还田方式 Returning method	田间操作 Field operation
小麦秸秆 Wheat straw	不还田 No straw returning (SN)	小麦秸秆不还田 Wheat straws removed
	常规还田 Straw returning (S)	小麦秸秆全量旋耕还田 All wheat straws returned with rotary tillage
	促腐还田 Decayed straw returning (SD)	小麦秸秆添加腐熟剂全量旋耕还田 All wheat straws returned and applied straw compositing agents with rotary tillage
水稻秸秆 Rice straw	不还田 No straw returning (SN)	水稻秸秆不还田 Ricet straws removed
	常规还田 Straw returning (S)	水稻秸秆全量旋耕还田 All rice straws returned with rotary tillage
	促腐还田 Decayed straw returning (SD)	水稻秸秆添加腐熟剂全量旋耕还田 All rice straws returned and applied straw compositing agents with rotary tillage

处理 Treatment	0-15 cm		15-30 cm
处理 Treatment	土壤有机碳 TOC (g kg^-1)	土壤活性有机碳 LOC (g kg^-1)	土壤有机碳 TOC (g kg^-1)	土壤活性有机碳 LOC (g kg^-1)
SN+NPK	10.49 e	2.65 e	5.51 c	2.08 c
S+NPK	12.25 b	3.82 b	5.85 b	2.51 b
SD+NPK	13.12 a	3.89 a	6.53 a	2.95 a
SD+85%NPK	11.87 c	3.67 c	4.87 d	1.59 d
SD+70%NPK	10.87 d	3.26 d	4.74 d	1.50 e

处理 Treatment	0-15 cm			15-30 cm			0-30 cm
处理 Treatment	容重 Soil bulk density (g cm^-3)	碳储量 SCS (×10³ kg hm^-2)	碳库管理指数 CPMI	容重 Soil bulk density (g cm^-3)	碳储量 SCS (×10³ kg hm^-2)	碳库管理指数 CPMI	碳储量 SCS (×10³ kg hm^-2)
SN+NPK	1.39	21.71 c	100.00 e	1.74	14.38 b	100.00 c	36.20
S+NPK	1.27	23.33 b	152.49 b	1.67	14.61 b	131.36 b	37.89
SD+NPK	1.31	25.98 a	164.07 a	1.73	16.95 a	161.00 a	42.79
SD+85%NPK	1.19	21.08 d	148.37 c	1.64	11.94 c	70.29 d	33.19
SD+70%NPK	1.28	20.86 d	131.47 d	1.66	11.77 c	65.63 e	32.64

处理 Treatment	2016年作物籽粒产量 Crop yield in 2016 (kg hm^-2)		2016年地上部分秸秆还田量 Rrate of straw returned to the field in 2016 (kg hm^-2)		2017年作物籽粒产量 Crop yield in 2017 (kg hm^-2)		2017年地上部分秸秆还田量 Rate of straw returned to the field in 2017 (kg hm^-2)		周年产量 Two seasons yield (kg hm^-2)
处理 Treatment	小麦 Wheat yield	水稻 Rice yield	水稻秸秆 Rice straw	小麦秸秆Wheat straw	小麦 Wheat yield	水稻 Rice yield	水稻秸秆 Rice straw	小麦秸秆 Wheat straw	2015-2016	2016-2017
SN+NPK	3900.0 a	9248.4 ab	0	0	5550.0 b	9062.4 a	0	0	13148.4 a	14612.4 b
S+NPK	4291.7 a	9288.5 ab	9288.5	4720.9	5866.5 b	9280.2 a	9280.2	6453.2	13580.1 a	15146.7 ab
SD+NPK	4008.3 a	9923.1 a	9923.1	4409.1	6817.5 a	9467.6 a	9467.6	7499.3	13931.4 a	16285.1 a
SD+85%NPK	3394.5 b	8955.2 b	8955.2	3733.9	5500.5 b	8932.5 a	8932.5	6050.6	12349.7 b	14433.0 b
SD+70%NPK	3191.7 b	8644.5 b	8644.5	3510.8	4950.0 c	8746.4 b	8746.4	5445.0	11836.2 c	13696.4 c

处理 Treatment	肥料成本 Fertilizer cost	腐秆剂成本 Straw-decomposing inoculant cost	秸秆处理劳动力成本 Labor cost of straw treatment	其他成本 Other costs	产值Output value		净收益Net income
处理 Treatment	肥料成本 Fertilizer cost	腐秆剂成本 Straw-decomposing inoculant cost	秸秆处理劳动力成本 Labor cost of straw treatment	其他成本 Other costs	2015-2016	2016-2017	2015-2016	2016-2017
SN+NPK	4202.85	0	3000	8400	35155.20	39193.44	19552.35	23590.59
S+NPK	4202.85	0	450	8400	36019.73	40501.62	22966.88	27448.77
SD+NPK	4202.85	450	450	8400	37385.07	42984.56	23882.22	29481.71
SD+85%NPK	3781.80	450	450	8400	33315.15	38691.75	20233.35	25609.95
SD+70%NPK	3360.90	450	450	8400	31997.73	37013.84	19336.83	24352.94

Effect of straw returning combined with NPK fertilization on soil carbon sequestration and economic benefits under rice-wheat rotation in Hanzhong basin

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