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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (1): 221-232.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.34189

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Effect of row spacing configuration and density regulation on dry matter production and yield in cotton

XIN Ming-Hua1(), MI Ya-Di1(), WANG Guo-Ping1, LI Xiao-Fei1, LI Ya-Bing1, DONG He-Lin1,2, HAN Ying-Chun1, FENG Lu1,*()   

  1. 1Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
    2Institute of Western Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural sciences, Changji 831100, Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2023-11-13 Accepted:2024-09-18 Online:2025-01-12 Published:2024-10-11
  • Contact: *E-mail: fenglucri@126.com
  • About author:**Contributed equally to this work
  • Supported by:
    Science and Technology Action Project for Industrial Development in Rural Revitalization of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2024NC064);Open Project of National Key Laboratory of Cotton Biological Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization(CB2023C02);Tianchi Talent Introduction Plan of Xinjiang.

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Abstract:

Row spacing configuration and plant density are critical factors influencing cotton yield and fiber quality. In Xinjiang, cotton is primarily planted using a wide-narrow row spacing system, though equal row spacing is also used. However, there is ongoing debate regarding the effectiveness of these two methods. To clarify this, a two-year field experiment was conducted using the cotton variety Zhongmian 88. A split-plot design was employed, with row spacing configurations (equal row spacing and wide-narrow row spacing) as the main plot and planting densities 12×104 plants hm-2 (D1), 16×104 plants hm-2 (D2), and 18×104 plants hm-2 (D3) as the sub-plots. The study aimed to compare the effects of row spacing configuration and plant density on cotton population growth, dry matter accumulation and distribution, as well as yield and fiber quality. The results showed that the growth rate of leaf area index (LAI), the peak LAI, and the proportion of reproductive organ biomass at the boll opening stage were higher in both equal rows spacing and wide-narrow row spacing at intermediate density (16×104 plants hm-2) compared to the other treatment combinations, with no significant differences between the two configurations. Additionally, no significant differences were found among treatments for cotton growth rate (CGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), and boll growth rate (BGR). Over the two years, seed cotton yields were similar for equal row spacing and wide-narrow row spacing at medium density, with no significant differences in fiber quality. A comprehensive analysis over both years concluded that under medium density, both row spacing configurations can achieve optimal yield and fiber quality. This study provides a scientific basis for selecting row spacing configurations and planting densities for cotton cultivation in Xinjiang.

Key words: cotton, single and double row configurations, densities, growth indicators, dry matter accumulation and partitioning, yield and quality

Fig. 1

Meteorological conditions during the cotton growing season at the experimental site from 2020 to 2021"

Fig. 2

Diagram of equal row spacing and wide-narrow row spacing planting modes"

Fig. 3

Dynamic variations of leaf area index for different treatments B1D1: equal row spacing and low density; B1D2: equal row spacing and medium density; B1D3: equal row spacing and high density; B2D1: wide-narrow row spacing and low density; B2D2: wide-narrow row spacing and medium density; B2D3: wide-narrow row spacing and high density; SE: seeding stage; SQ: squaring stage; FL: flowering stage; BD: boll development stage; BO: boll opening stage. Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences at the 0.05 probability level among the treatments within the same year."

Table 1

Eigen values of growth curve of leaf area index"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 T1
(d)		 T2
(d)		 ΔT
(d)		 Vm
(m2 m-2 d-1)		 Wm GT
(m2 m-2)
2020 B1 D1 61 82 21 0.14 3.21 3.15
D2 62 87 25 0.12 3.94 3.25
D3 62 84 22 0.13 4.12 3.08
B2 D1 55 72 17 0.15 2.44 2.38
D2 55 76 21 0.13 3.25 2.52
D3 54 74 20 0.14 2.92 2.47
2021 B1 D1 61 85 24 0.12 3.28 3.36
D2 62 90 28 0.10 4.11 3.64
D3 61 87 26 0.11 4.17 3.38
B2 D1 57 77 20 0.14 2.96 2.40
D2 60 85 25 0.13 3.54 2.53
D3 57 80 23 0.13 3.43 2.51

Table 2

Effects of row spacing configuration and plant density on total dry matter at the boll opening stage in cotton"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 根
Roots
(kg hm-2)		 茎
Stems
(kg hm-2)		 叶
Leaves
(kg hm-2)		 生殖器官
Reproduction organ
(kg hm-2)		 总干物质
Total dry matter weight
(kg hm-2)
2020 B1 D1 1287 c 4158 d 898 b 7945 c 14,289 c
D2 2559 a 11,712 a 1807 a 18,507 b 34,584 a
D3 2186 ab 5491 bc 2121 a 9290 c 19,088 b
B2 D1 1398 c 4814 cd 1149 b 10,912 c 18,273 b
D2 2377 ab 10,881 a 1868 a 22,210 a 37,336 a
D3 2025 b 6639 b 2133 a 8956 c 19,753 b
变异来源
Source of variance		 B 0.562 0.345 0.449 0.039 0.023
D < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001
B×D 0.604 0.075 0.761 0.197 0.380
2021 B1 D1 1432 d 4740 c 1196 d 12,400 c 19,768 d
D2 2578 b 9264 ab 3981 a 21,103 b 36,926 b
D3 2376 b 8734 b 2289 bc 15,651 c 29,051 c
B2 D1 982 e 4576 c 1797 cd 6943 d 14,299 e
D2 3068 a 1074 a 2695 b 29,942 a 46,447 a
D3 1847 c 5156 c 2736 b 10,497 cd 20,236 d
变异来源
Source of variance		 B 0.121 0.121 0.701 0.660 0.265
D < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001
B×D 0.002 0.002 0.004 0.001 < 0.001

Fig. 4

Effect of row spacing configuration and plant density on dry matter distribution ratio at the boll opening stage Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences at the 0.05 probability level among the treatments within the same year. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 3."

Table 3

Effects of row spacing configuration and plant density on the growth parameters of cotton"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 群体生长率
CGR
(g m-2 d-1)		 棉铃生长率
BGR
(g m-2 d-1)		 净同化率
NAR
(g m-2 d-1)		 生殖器官与营养器官分配比例
RVR
2020 B1 D1 28.1 a 14.1 a 11.4 a 1.7 a
D2 31.2 a 15.8 a 12.9 a 2.1 a
D3 30.9 a 15.2 a 12.7 a 1.8 a
B2 D1 26.9 a 13.3 a 9.2 b 1.6 a
D2 31.6 a 15.4 a 12.8 a 2.0 a
D3 30.4 a 14.6 a 11.5 a 1.8 a
变异来源
Source of variance		 B 0.448 0.350 0.042 0.184
D 0.360 0.110 0.138 0.078
B×D 0.180 0.235 0.283 0.145
2021 B1 D1 29.7 a 18.5 a 12.1 a 1.8 a
D2 31.6 a 21.1 a 13.5 a 2.2 a
D3 31.2 a 20.3 a 12.9 a 2.1 a
B2 D1 29.4 a 17.2 a 9.0 b 1.8 a
D2 31.3 a 18.4 a 13.1 a 2.1 a
D3 31.2 a 17.9 a 12.3 a 1.9 a
变异来源
Source of variance		 B 0.184 0.380 0.040 0.225
D 0.700 0.127 0.217 0.075
B×D 0.148 0.286 0.286 0.083

Table 4

Effects of row spacing configuration and plant density on seed cotton yield and fiber quality"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 上半部平均长度
Upper half mean length
(mm)		 整齐度指数
Uniformity
(%)		 断裂比强度
Strength
(cN tex-1)		 马克隆值
Micronaire		 断裂伸长率
Breaking
elongation
(%)		 籽棉产量
Seed cotton yield
(kg hm-2)
2020 B1 D1 28.7 a 84.5 a 30.4 b 4.1 b 6.8 a 5621 ab
D2 28.5 a 84.8 a 30.8 a 4.9 a 6.8 a 5897 a
D3 28.4 a 85.2 a 30.5 b 4.3 b 6.8 a 5650 ab
B2 D1 28.4 a 84.4 a 29.4 c 4.2 b 6.8 a 5582 b
D2 27.2 a 84.8 a 31.0 a 4.4 b 6.8 a 5744 a
D3 27.0 a 85.0 a 29.1 c 4.4 b 6.7 a 5625 ab
变异来源
Source of variance		 B 0.108 0.175 0.246 0.774 0.107 0.347
D 0.282 0.192 0.031 0.035 0.214 0.013
B×D 0.072 0.804 0.204 0.774 0.109 0.535
2021 B1 D1 28.9 a 83.7 b 26.6 b 4.6 a 6.5 a 5679 b
D2 28.2 a 84.4 a 27.8 a 4.8 a 6.6 a 6162 a
D3 27.4 a 84.6 a 27.2 a 4.0 b 6.5 a 5974 ab
B2 D1 27.5 a 83.1 b 25.5 c 4.0 b 6.5 a 5644 b
D2 27.4 a 84.1 a 27.2 a 4.1 b 6.6 a 6127 a
D3 27.3 a 84.3 a 26.5 b 3.9 b 6.5 a 5825 ab
变异来源
Source of variance		 B 0.147 0.048 0.417 0.489 0.348 0.218
D 0.576 0.565 0.023 0.032 0.866 0.041
B×D 0.394 0.996 0.413 0.862 0.970 0.341
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