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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (5): 1215-1229.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.44129

• CROP GENETICS & BREEDING·GERMPLASM RESOURCES·MOLECULAR GENETICS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Comparison of physiological characteristics of salt and alkali tolerance between rapeseed and wheat

WANG Jia-Jie1,5(), WANG Zheng-Nan1, BATOOL Maria1, WANG Wang-Nian1,4, WEN Jing1, REN Chang-Zhong1,3, HE Feng1,3, WU You-You1, XU Zheng-Hua1, WANG Jing1, KUAI Jie1, WANG Bo1,*(), ZHOU Guang-Sheng1,2, FU Ting-Dong1,2   

  1. 1Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
    2Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
    3Baicheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baicheng 137099, Jilin, China
    4Yulin Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Yulin Branch of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yulin 537000, Guangxi, China
    5Nantong Institute of Technology, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2024-08-06 Accepted:2025-01-08 Online:2025-05-12 Published:2025-01-23
  • Contact: *E-mail: wangbo@mail.hzau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1500503);Hubei Hongshan Laboratory Research Funding(2021HSZD004)

Abstract:

Utilizing the crops which can produce economic benefits to improve the saline-alkali land is an important mean to expand potential resource of farming land in China. Different plants respond differently to saline-alkali stress and have different mechanisms of saline-alkali stress resistance. Identifying the physiological characteristics responding to salt and alkali stress of rapeseed and wheat, can provide theoretical foundations for using rapeseed and wheat as forage and enlarging the application potential of rapeseed and wheat in the improvement and utilization of saline-alkali land. In this study, saline-alkali soils from Jilin province were used for pot experiments; normal soils in Wuhan were used as CK and saline-alkali soils from Jilin with the final salt concentration of 0.2% and 0.4%, respectively, which were prepared in proportion to normal soils from Wuhan. One saline-alkali tolerant and one sensitive variety of rapeseed and wheat were selected, respectively, as research materials. We systematically compared the different salt-alkali tolerance mechanisms of rapeseed and wheat at the germination stage by measuring and analyzing growth indicators, osmotic regulation, ion balance, antioxidant enzymes, H2O2, $\mathrm{O}^{\bar{.}}_{2}$ and other indicators. The results showed that: (1) Under saline-alkali stress, in petiole, Na+ content was highest among petiole, leaf, stem and root, up to 88.40 mg g-1. However, in wheat, Na+ concentration in root was the highest, up to 33.45 mg g-1. Na+ accumulation in all parts of rapeseed was higher than that of wheat, and under the same treatment, especially, the Na+ accumulation in leaves was 2-8 times higher than that of wheat. (2) The decrease of K+ and the ratio of K+/Na+ of salt-tolerant rapeseed and wheat were higher than those of salt-sensitive varieties, while the rate of increase of Na+ concentration was lower than that of salt-sensitive varieties. The inhibition effect of Na+ depressing K+ uptake in the aboveground part of rapeseed is significant higher than those in the root, while it is opposite in wheat. (3) Under saline-alkali stress, the sugar content, antioxidant enzyme activity and $\mathrm{O}^{\bar{.}}_{2}$ scavenging ability in saline-alkali tolerant rapeseed and wheat were higher than those in the sensitive varieties. The content of H2O2 and $\mathrm{O}^{\bar{.}}_{2}$ increased by the increasing of salt concentration in the soil, while the tolerant variety showed a smaller increase than the sensitive one. The saline-alkali-tolerant rapeseed variety respond faster to the saline-alkali stress at the seedling stage, and the SOD, POD, and CAT activities in leaves and petioles can respond rapidly and increase gradually. While in the leaves of salt-tolerant wheat, the SOD and POD variety were the main antioxidant enzymes at the tillering stage, but POD and CAT in the leaves at the jointing stage were the main antioxidant enzymes, and with the advancement of the growth stage, the soluble sugar of the leaves and the scavenging ability of $\mathrm{O}^{\bar{.}}_{2}$ were significantly reduced. Rapeseed mainly distributed Na+ into petioles and stems through “sodium storage”, but wheat mainly reduced Na+ absorption through “sodium rejection” and accumulated more Na+ in the root system. And varieties with strong saline-alkali tolerance had better ability to maintain sodium and potassium ion homeostasis. Furthermore, the salt-alkali tolerance of rapeseed increased gradually with the advancement of growth period, while the salt-alkali tolerance of wheat decreased gradually with the advancement of growth period.

Key words: rapeseed, wheat, saline-alkali stress, Na+ content, ROS

Table 1

Effects of saline alkali stress on biomass of rapeseed at seedling stage, bolting stage and of wheat at tillering stage, jointing stage"

指标
Indicator
生育期
Growth stage
品种
Variety
处理 Treatment
CK J2 J4
相对地上鲜重Relatively fresh aboveground weight 苗期 Seedling ZS11 1.00 b 0.40 d 0.25 d
YY9 1.00 b 1.40 a 0.61 c
薹期 Bolting ZS11 1.00 a 0.65 b 0.41 cd
YY9 1.00 a 0.61 bc 0.21 d
分蘖期 Tillering SM1718 1.00 b 0.85 b 0.40 c
SN20 1.00 b 1.44 a 0.93 b
拔节期 Jointing SM1718 1.00 a 0.86 a 0.40 b
SN20 1.00 a 0.93 a 0.34 b
相对根鲜重Relatively fresh root weigh 苗期 Seedling ZS11 1.00 a 0.65 b 0.41 cd
YY9 1.00 a 0.61 bc 0.21 d
薹期 Bolting ZS11 1.00 a 0.32 b 0.15 b
YY9 1.00 a 0.27 b 0.11 b
分蘖期 Tillering SM1718 1.00 a 0.86 a 0.40 b
SN20 1.00 a 0.93 a 0.34 b
拔节期 Jointing SM1718 1.00 a 0.49 b 0.20 c
SN20 1.00 a 0.53 b 0.35 bc

Fig. 1

Accumulation of K+ and Na+ in different parts of rapeseed at seeding stage and bolting stage under saline-alkali stress A: K+ and Na+ contents in leaves, petioles and roots of rapeseed at seeding stage; B: K+ and Na+ contents in leaves, petioles, stems and roots of rapeseed at bolting stage. Treatments and abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1. Different letters behind the data indicated the significant difference at the 0.05 probability level."

Table 2

Decreasing of K+/Na+ ratio of rapeseed different parts at seeding stage and bolting stage under saline-alkaline stress"

生育期
Growth stage
品种
Variety
处理
Treatment
K+/Na+
叶片
Leaf
叶柄
Petiole
茎秆
Steam
根系
Root
苗期
Seedling
ZS11 CK 10.03 b 9.63 a 3.50 a
J2 0.45 d 0.55 d 1.56 c
J4 0.24 f 0.26 f 1.47 d
YY9 CK 11.47 a 8.62 b 2.52 b
J2 0.68 c 0.65 c 1.11 f
J4 0.42 e 0.32 e 1.09 f
薹期
Bolting
ZS11 CK 5.45 b 6.42 b 4.72 a 3.50 a
J2 1.64 e 1.21 c 1.65 c 1.96 c
J4 0.46 f 0.14 f 0.43 d 0.55 e
YY9 CK 13.61 a 8.94 a 2.99 b 2.52 b
J2 1.95 c 0.22 df 0.31 f 0.89 d
J4 1.86 d 0.29 d 0.22 g 0.43 f

Fig. 2

Accumulation of K+ and Na+ in different parts of wheat at tillering and jointing stages under saline-alkali stress A: K+ and Na+ contents in leaves and roots at tillering stage of wheat; B: K+ and Na+ contents in leaves and roots at jointing stage of wheat. Treatments and abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1. Different letters behind the data indicated the significant difference at the 0.05 probability level."

Table 3

Decreasing of K+/Na+ ratio of wheat different part at tillering stage and jointing stage under saline-alkali stress"

生育期
Growth Stage
品种
Variety
处理
Treatment
K+/Na+
叶片Leaf 根系Root
分蘖期
Tillering
SM1718 CK 11.85 b 9.54 a
J2 5.65 d 1.39 f
J4 3.01 f 0.83 g
SN20 CK 12.58 a 8.19 b
J2 7.60 c 2.92 c
J4 5.22 d 1.65 d
拔节期
Jointing
SM1718 CK 19.49 a 9.54 a
J2 8.93 d 2.89 d
J4 3.30 g 0.92 g
SN20 CK 18.63 b 8.19 b
J2 12.28 c 3.43 c
J4 6.13 f 1.68 f

Fig. 3

Soluble sugar content of rapeseed leaves at seeding stage and bolting stage under saline-alkali stress Treatments and abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1. Different letters behind the data indicated the significant difference at the 0.05 probability level."

Fig. 4

Soluble sugar content of wheat leaves at tillering and jointing stage under saline-alkali stress Treatments and abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1. Different letters behind the data indicated the significant difference at the 0.05 probability level."

Fig. 5

Changes of H2O2, $\mathrm{O}^{\bar{.}}_{2}$, $\mathrm{O}^{\bar{.}}_{2}$ production rate and $\mathrm{O}^{\bar{.}}_{2}$ scavenging capacity of rapeseed leaves at seedling and bolting stage under saline-alkali stress A: changes of H2O2, $\mathrm{O}^{\bar{.}}_{2}$, $\mathrm{O}^{\bar{.}}_{2}$ production rate and $\mathrm{O}^{\bar{.}}_{2}$ scavenging capacity of leaves at seedling stage of rapeseed; B: changes of H2O2, $\mathrm{O}^{\bar{.}}_{2}$, $\mathrm{O}^{\bar{.}}_{2}$ production rate and $\mathrm{O}^{\bar{.}}_{2}$ scavenging capacity of rapeseed leaves at bolting stage of rapeseed. Treatments and abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1. Different letters behind the data indicated the significant difference at the 0.05 probability level."

Fig. 6

Changes of H2O2, $\mathrm{O}^{\bar{.}}_{2}$, $\mathrm{O}^{\bar{.}}_{2}$ production rate and $\mathrm{O}^{\bar{.}}_{2}$ scavenging ability of leaves at tillering and jointing stages of wheat under saline-alkali stress A: changes of H2O2, $\mathrm{O}^{\bar{.}}_{2}$, $\mathrm{O}^{\bar{.}}_{2}$production rate and $\mathrm{O}^{\bar{.}}_{2}$scavenging capacity of leaves at tillering stage of wheat; B: changes of H2O2, $\mathrm{O}^{\bar{.}}_{2}$, $\mathrm{O}^{\bar{.}}_{2}$ production rate and $\mathrm{O}^{\bar{.}}_{2}$scavenging capacity of wheat leaves at jointing stage variety. Treatments and abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1. Different letters behind the data indicated the significant difference at the 0.05 probability level."

Fig. 7

Changes of SOD, POD and CAT activities in leaves and petioles of rapeseedat seedling stage under saline-alkali stress A: changes of SOD, POD and CAT activities in leaves and petioles of rapeseed at seedling stage; B: changes of SOD, POD and CAT activities in leaves and petioles of rapeseed at bolting stage. Treatments and abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1. Different letters behind the data indicated the significant difference at the 0.05 probability level."

Fig. 8

Changes of SOD, POD and CAT activities in leaves at tillering and jointing stages of wheat under saline-alkali stress A: changes of SOD, POD and CAT activities of leaves at tillering stage; B: changes of SOD, POD and CAT activities of leaves at jointing stage of wheat. Treatments and abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1. Different letters behind the data indicated the significant difference at the 0.05 probability level."

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