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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (11): 2848-2859.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.43003

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction on water use characteristics of silage maize leguminous forage intercropping system

SANG Hui-Zhe(), WANG Chao, FAN Zhi-Long, YIN Wen, FAN Hong, HE Wei, HU Fa-Long(), CHAI Qiang()   

  1. Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science / College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
  • Received:2024-01-11 Accepted:2024-06-20 Online:2024-11-12 Published:2024-07-10
  • Contact: *E-mail: hufl@gsau.edu.cn; E-mail: chaiq@gsau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1900200);National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20218);“Double First-Class” Key Scientific Research Project of Education Department in Gansu Province(GSSYLXM-02)

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Abstract:

Aiming at the problems of high nitrogen fertilizer input and low water use efficiency of silage maize in the Hexi oasis irrigation region, the study explored the effects of intercropping leguminous forage on silage maize yield and water consumption characteristics under nitrogen reduction conditions, so as to provide practical basis and theoretical support for the technology of highly efficient use of water of silage maize. The experiment was carried out at Wuwei Oasis Agricultural Experimental Station during 2022-2023, with three cropping patterns (M: silage maize monoculture; MH: silage maize-fodder soybean intercropping; ML: silage maize-laba bean intercropping) and four N application rates (N3: 360 kg hm-2; N2: 306 kg hm-2; N1: 252 kg hm-2; N0: 0 kg hm-2). The results showed that the dry matter accumulation of silage maize and legume forage was significantly higher in N1 treatment compared with N3 under both mixing modes, by 10.0% and 20.5% under the MH mode, and by 16.5% and 28.8% under the ML mode, respectively. The difference between forage yield of the N1 treatment and that of the N3 under the MH mode was not significant, but it increased by 22.4% under the ML mode compared with that of the N3 mode, and forage yield of the ML mode increased by 12.3% under the N1 level compared with that of the ML mode. N1 level was 12.3% higher than that of MH mode. The introduction of legume forage could reduce the soil evaporation of intercropping system, and the soil evaporation of MH and ML modes was 23.5% and 30.0% lower than that of M mode with the same level of nitrogen application at N1 level, but the differences in the soil evaporation of the two modes between different nitrogen application treatments were not significant. Silage maize intercropped with lablab bean combined with a 30% reduction in N fertilizer reduced the evapotranspiration ratio by 23.0% compared with the same N application level of the M model. Intercropping legume forage improved water use efficiency, and water use efficiency of MH and ML modes increased by 43.3%, 29.5%, 17.9% and 51.9%, 30.2%, 21.2% at N1, N2, and N3 levels, respectively, compared with M mode. Among them, the MLN1 treatment showed the greatest improvement, with a 52.4% increase in water use efficiency over the MN3 treatment. Therefore, silage maize intercropped with leguminous forage combined with nitrogen application rate at 252 kg hm-2 can reduce evaporation, improve forage yield and water productivity, which was suitable planting pattern and nitrogen application rate for silage maize production in oasis irrigation areas.

Key words: intercropping, nitrogen application, water use efficiency, silage maize, leguminous forage

Fig. 1

Average temperature and precipitation of Wuwei experimental station"

Fig. 2

Dynamics of dry matter accumulation of silage maize during the whole growth period M, MH, ML represent silage maize monoculture, silage maize fodder soybean intercropping, and silage maize lablab bean intercropping, respectively; N3, N2, N1, N0 represent the traditional N application (360 kg hm-2), 15% reduction of traditional N application (306 kg hm-2), 30% reduction of traditional N application (252 kg hm-2), and no N application (0 kg hm-2). C denotes the planting pattern, N denotes the nitrogen application level, and C×N denotes the interaction between the planting pattern and the nitrogen application level. *: P < 0.05; **: P < 0.01."

Fig. 3

Dynamics of dry matter accumulation of leguminous crops the whole growth period H and L represent fodder soybean and lablab bean, respectively. Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 2. C denotes the planting pattern, N denotes the nitrogen application level, and C×N denotes the interaction between the planting pattern and the nitrogen application level. *: P < 0.05; **: P < 0.01."

Fig. 4

Forage yield with different cropping systems and various N application rates Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 2. Different letters denote significant differences between treatments at the 0.05 probability level. C denotes the cropping pattern effect, N denotes the N application rate effect, and C×N denotes the interaction effect between cropping pattern and the N application rate. * denotes P < 0.05 and ** denotes P < 0.01."

Fig. 5

Total soil evaporation with different cropping patterns and various N application rates Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 2. Different letters denote significant differences between treatments at the 0.05 probability level. C denotes the cropping pattern effect, N denotes the N application rate effect, and C×N denotes the interaction effect between cropping pattern and the N application rate. * denotes P < 0.05 and ** denotes P < 0.01."

Table 1

Soil water storage and water consumption during the whole growth period under different cropping patterns and various N application rates"

处理
Treatment		 播种前贮水量
SWS before sowing (mm)		 收获后贮水量
SWS after harvesting (mm)		 全生育期耗水量
ET for entire growth period (mm)
2022 2023 2022 2023 2022 2023
种植模式 Cropping pattern
M 378.5 a 365.3 a 351.5 a 395.3 b 542.0 a 422.6 a
MH 379.3 a 367.5 a 350.3 a 390.1 b 544.2 a 430.0 a
ML 384.3 a 385.9 a 346.3 a 415.8 a 553.3 a 422.7 a
施氮水平 N application rate
N3 387.5 a 379.1 a 336.8 a 395.3 a 565.7 a 436.4 a
N2 375.9 a 371.2 a 346.9 a 406.4 a 544.0 a 417.4 a
N1 378.4 a 370.3 a 342.2 a 394.6 a 551.2 a 428.3 a
N0 381.0 a 371.1 a 361.6 a 405.5 a 534.4 a 418.2 a
显著性(P-value)
种植模式Cropping pattern (C) NS NS NS NS NS NS
施氮水平N application rate (N) NS NS NS NS NS NS
种植模式×施氮水平 C×N NS NS NS NS NS NS

Fig. 6

Evaporation to evapotranspiration ratio with different cropping patterns and various N application rates Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 2. Different letters denotes significant differences between treatments at the 0.05 probability level. C denotes the cropping pattern effect, N denote the N application rate effect, and C×N denotes the interaction effect between cropping pattern and the N application rate. * denotes P < 0.05 and ** denotes P < 0.01."

Fig. 7

Crop water use efficiency with different cropping patterns and various N application rates Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 2. Different letters denote significant differences between treatments at the 0.05 probability level. C denotes the cropping pattern effect, N denotes the N application rate effect, and C×N denotes the interaction effect between cropping pattern and the N application rate. * denotes P < 0.05 and ** denotes P < 0.01."

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