黄土高原旱作区马铃薯连作根际土壤微生物群落变化特征

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.14015

Abstract

Abstract:

The response of soil microorganisms to continuous cropping of potato was discussed in this study, aiming at revealing the microbial characteristics of continuous cropping soil degradation. Pot experiments and MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology were used to study the characteristics of microbial communities in the rhizosphere soil of potato continuous cropping for 1 year (1_rh), 3 years (3_rh), and 5 years (5_rh), with fallow (CK) and rotation (R_rh) as controls. The results showed that compared with CK and rotation, Ace index, Chao index, and Shannon index of 3_rh and 5_rh soil samples decreased significantly. Compared with rotation, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria in soil bacteria of continuous potato cropping was higher, while the relative abundance of Ascomycota in soil fungi was lower. In the bacterial community, compared with rotation, the number of Aeromicrobium in 1_rh, 3_rh, 5_rh increased by 258.01%, 625.93%, 76.04%, Arthrobacter increased by 245.42%, 1258.12%, 58.89%, Streptomyces increased by 203.83%, 116.74%, and 311.61%, respectively. In the fungal community, compared with rotation, the number of Fusarium in 3_rh increased by 225.00%, the number of Chaetomium in 5_rh decreased by 31.58%, and the number of Guehomyces in 1_rh, 3_rh, and 5_rh decreased by 55.40%, 58.14%, and 78.37%, respectively. Spizellomyces had a large number in fallow and rotation soils, but a small number in continuous cropping soils for three years and five years, which was close to the detection limit. The results indicated that long-term continuous cropping of potato reduced the diversity of soil microorganisms, changed the dominant population of microorganisms, and unbalanced the structure of soil microbial community.

Key words: potato, continuous cropping, microbial community structure, species abundance, beneficial microorganisms, pathogenic microorganism

TAN Xue-Lian, GUO Tian-Wen, HU Xin-Yuan, ZHANG Ping-Liang, ZENG Jun, LIU Xiao-Wei. Characteristics of microbial community in the rhizosphere soil of continuous potato cropping in arid regions of the Loess Plateau[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(3): 682-694.

Figures/Tables 11

Table 1

Table 2

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Table 3

Analysis of soil bacteria groups"

门 Phylum	纲 Class	属 Genus	相对丰度百分比Relative abundance (%)
门 Phylum	纲 Class	属 Genus	CK	R_rh	1_rh	3_rh	5_rh
放线菌门 Actinobacteria	放线菌纲 Actinobacteria	气微菌属 Aeromicrobium	0.21±0.03 c	0.10±0.01 c	0.36±0.02 b	0.73±0.01 a	0.18±0.01 c
		壤霉菌属 Agromyces	0.26±0.01 b	0.06±0.01 d	0.17±0.01 c	0.40±0.02 a	0.24±0.01 b
		节杆菌属 Arthrobacter	1.61±0.07 c	0.69±0.02 d	2.37±0.07 b	9.31±0.08 a	1.09±0.06 c
		芽球菌属 Blastococcus	1.13±0.03 a	0.29±0.01 c	1.39±0.02 a	1.59±0.02 a	0.70±0.03 b
		分枝杆菌属 Mycobacterium	0.4±0.015 a	0.10±0.01 b	0.47±0.03 a	0.38±0.01 a	0.30±0.01 a
		链霉菌属 Streptomyces	0.32±0.04 b	0.13±0.02 c	0.41±0.02 b	1.71±0.06 a	0.56±0.02 b
		假诺卡氏菌属 Pseudonocardia	0.32±0.01 a	0.04±0.01 b	0.28±0.01 a	0.25±0.01 a	0.16±0.01 a
变形菌门 Proteobacteria	α-变形菌纲 Alphaproteobacteria	红菌属 Rhodobium	0.54±0.02 a	0.07±0.01 b	0.32±0.02 a	0.40±0.02 a	0.44±0.02 a
		红游动菌属 Rhodoplanes	0.27±0.02 a	0.1±0.010 b	0.34±0.02 a	0.17±0.01 b	0.19±0.01 b
		博斯氏菌属 Bosea	0.18±0.01 a	0.09±0.01 b	0.20±0.03 a	0.22±0.04 a	0.19±0.01 a
		慢生根瘤菌属 Bradyrhizobium	0.75±0.04 a	0.20±0.02 c	0.82±0.03 a	0.46±0.05 b	0.41±0.03 b
		戴沃斯菌属 Devosia	0.22±0.08 b	0.10±0.01 c	0.36±0.06 b	0.54±0.07 a	0.60±0.02 a
		生丝微菌属 Hyphomicrobium	0.24±0.06 a	0.03±0.01 b	0.24±0.04 a	0.14±0.03 a	0.18±0.03 a
		根瘤菌属 Rhizobium	0.22±0.11 c	0.08±0.08 d	2.19±0.12 a	0.760.12 b	0.40±0.10 c
		斯科曼氏球菌属 Skermanella	1.17±0.32 a	0.16±0.26 c	1.10±0.27 a	0.26±0.26 c	0.45±0.28 b
		鞘脂单胞菌属 Sphingomonas	2.78±0.33 a	0.79±0.29 c	3.01±0.35 a	1.98±0.31 b	3.32±0.37 a
	β-变形菌 Betaproteobacteria	产育菌属 Ramlibacter	0.16±0.04 b	0.06±0.01 c	0.30±0.02 a	0.14±0.03 b	0.38±0.06 a
	δ-变形菌纲 Deltaproteobacteria	类固醇杆菌属 Steroidobacter	0.83±0.07 a	0.20±0.03 b	0.93±0.09 a	0.25±0.05 b	0.99±0.07 a
门 Phylum	纲 Class	属 Genus	相对丰度百分比Relative abundance (%)
门 Phylum	纲 Class	属 Genus	CK	R_rh	1_rh	3_rh	5_rh
绿弯菌门 Chloroflexi	绿弯菌纲 Chloroflexia	玫瑰弯菌属 Roseiflexus	1.12±0.10 b	3.81±0.15 a	1.23±0.11 b	0.10±0.09 c	0.50±0.09 c
芽单胞菌门 Gemmatimonadetes	芽单胞菌纲 Gemmatimonadetes	芽单胞菌属 Gemmatimonas	0.42±0.06 a	0.10±0.01 b	0.31±0.04 a	0.08±0.03 b	0.34±0.07 a
硝化螺旋菌门 Nitrospirae	硝化螺旋菌纲 Nitrospira	硝化螺旋菌属 Nitrospira	2.15±0.21 a	0.28±0.09 b	1.84±0.26 a	0.42±0.08 b	1.71±0.24 a
厚壁菌门 Firmicutes	芽孢杆菌纲 Bacilli	芽孢杆菌属 Bacillus	1.66±0.12 a	0.19±0.06 d	0.88±0.06 b	0.30±0.05 c	0.83±0.07 b
合计 Total			16.99±0.45 a	7.66±0.41 c	19.53±0.47 a	20.59±0.44 a	14.13±0.43 b

Table 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Table 4

Fig. 7

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种植模式 Cropping pattern	处理代码 Treatment code	种植方法 Cultivation method
休耕 Fallow	CK	不种植作物的休耕土壤 Fallow soil where no crops were planted
马铃薯-小麦轮作 Potato-wheat rotation	R_rh	马铃薯种植1年的土壤上种植小麦 Wheat was planted on the soil where potato was planted for one year
马铃薯连作1年 Potato continuous cropping for one year	1_rh	马铃薯种植1年的土壤上继续种植马铃薯 Potatoes continued to grow potatoes on soil for one year
马铃薯连作3年 Potato continuous cropping for three years	3_rh	马铃薯种植3年的土壤上继续种植马铃薯 Potatoes continued to grow potatoes on soil for three years
马铃薯连作5年 Potato continuous cropping for five years	5_rh	马铃薯种植5年的土壤上继续种植马铃薯 Potatoes continued to grow potatoes on soil for five years

类别 Type	处理 Treatment	Reads	OTUs	Ace	Chao	Shannon
细菌 Bacteria	CK	33,177±0.21 a	2253±0.15 a	2496±0.23 a	2502±0.32 a	6.67±0.0 1a
	R_rh	36,151±0.23 a	2291±0.08 a	2545±0.15 a	2589±0.27 a	6.68±0.03 a
	1_rh	20,981±0.28 b	1947±0.10 a	2285±0.17 a	2299±0.28 a	6.55±0.03 a
	3_rh	16,610±0.24 b	1146±0.12 b	1545±0.19 b	1574±0.26 b	4.90±0.02 b
	5_rh	38,178±0.22 a	2182±0.07 a	2444±0.20 a	2467±0.25 a	6.54±0.04 a
真菌 Fungi	CK	15,547±0.48 a	565±0.13 a	664±0.65 b	648±0.38 b	4.00±0.01 a
	R_rh	13,895±0.52 b	518±0.14 a	657±0.63 b	653±0.34b	4.26±0.03 a
	1_rh	12,981±0.56 b	549±0.13 a	707±0.61 a	706±0.35 a	4.34±0.05 a
	3_rh	11,064±0.49 c	385±0.16 b	541±0.59 c	520±0.36 c	3.54±0.02 b
	5_rh	10,705±0.53 c	350±0.18 b	468±0.66 d	446±0.38 d	2.83±0.01 c

纲 Class	属 Genus	相对丰度百分比Relative abundance (%)
纲 Class	属 Genus	CK	R_rh	1_rh	3_rh	5_rh
座囊菌纲 Dothideomycetes	光黑壳属 Preussia	0.26±0.04 a	0.05±0.01 b	0.32±0.03 a	0.04±0.01 b	0.03±0.01 b
核菌纲 Pyrenomycetes	叉丝单囊壳属 Podosphaera	0	0	0.02±0.01 a	0.02±0.01 a	0.01±0.01 a
散囊菌纲 Eurotiomycetes	青霉属 Penicillium	0.10±0.02 a	0.08±0.06 a	0.10±0.05 a	0.01±0.01 a	0.01±0.01 a
	梭孢壳属 Thielavia	2.66±0.56 b	2.09±0.48 b	2.74±0.52 b	5.74±0.49 a	6.69±0.54 a
粪壳菌纲 Sordariomycetes	镰孢属 Fusarium	0.71±0.09 b	0.84±0.07 b	0.78±0.08 b	2.73±0.12 a	0.11±0.06 b
	毛壳属 Chaetomium	0.78±0.06 a	0.19±0.02 c	0.51±0.01 b	0.52±0.06 b	0.25±0.03 c
子囊菌纲 Ascomycetes	子囊菌属 Ascomycota_norank	1.54±0.29 a	0.83±0.26 b	1.23±0.27 a	0.61±0.25 b	0.17±0.24 c
子囊菌纲 Ascomycetes	赤霉菌属 Gibberella	0.32±0.08 b	0.49±0.09 a	0.37±0.09 b	0.50±0.12 a	0.04±0.07 c
壶菌纲 Chrtridiomycetes	壶菌属 Spizellomyces	0.17±0.03 b	0.93±0.05 a	0.13±0.05 b	0.01±0.01 b	0.01±0.01 b
	腐质霉属 Humicola	0.29±0.10 a	0.16±0.13 b	0.26±0.15 a	0.19±0.11 ab	0.32±0.16 a
丝胞纲 Hyphomycetes	矛束霉属 Doratomyces	0.03±0.01 b	0.03±0.01 b	0.12±0.04 b	0.06±0.01 b	1.80±0.06 a
	链格孢属 Alternaria	0.33±0.22 c	2.25±0.26 a	2.91±0.25 a	1.20±0.21 b	1.07±0.20 b
银耳纲 Tremellomycetes	隐球菌属 Cryptococcus	1.93±0.36 a	0.67±0.30 b	1.36±0.32 a	0.33±0.29 b	0.29±0.29 b
合计 Total		9.14±0.68 ab	8.61±0.62 b	10.85±0.64 a	11.94±0.70 a	10.80±0.66 a

Characteristics of microbial community in the rhizosphere soil of continuous potato cropping in arid regions of the Loess Plateau

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