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作物学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (03): 511-518.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2014.00511

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

施氮量对油菜氮素积累和运转及氮素利用率的影响

左青松1,2,杨海燕1,冷锁虎2,曹石1,曾讲学1,吴江生1,周广生1,*   

  1. 1 华中农业大学植物科学技术学院, 湖北武汉 430070；2 扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室, 江苏扬州 225009
  • 收稿日期:2013-07-13 修回日期:2013-12-02 出版日期:2014-03-12 网络出版日期:2014-01-16
  • 通讯作者: 周广生, E-mail: zhougs@mail.hzau.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(31000685), 江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目, 国家科技支撑计划项目(2010BAD01B09)和国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(nycytx-00510)资助。

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Nitrogen Accumulation, Translocation and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

ZUO Qing-Song1,2,YANG Hai-Yan1,LENG Suo-Hu2,CAO Shi1,ZENG Jiang-Xue1,WU Jiang-Sheng1,ZHOU Guang-Sheng1,*   

  1. 1College of Plant Science and Technology of Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; 2 Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
  • Received:2013-07-13 Revised:2013-12-02 Published:2014-03-12 Published online:2014-01-16
  • Contact: 周广生, E-mail: zhougs@mail.hzau.edu.cn

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摘要：

于2010—2012年度以5个不同油含量的常规油菜品种为材料，设置120 (N1)、240 (N2)和360 kg hm–2 (N3) 3个水平的氮肥处理，在初花期和成熟期取样及定期捡拾田间落叶，测定植株干物质积累量、氮素含量及油含量，研究氮肥水平对油菜氮素积累、运转及氮素利用率的影响。结果表明，随着氮肥用量增加，产量和氮素积累总量增加，氮素收获指数和氮素籽粒生产效率逐渐降低。不同处理叶片氮素运转率变幅为76.6%~80.2%，不同氮肥处理间无显著差异。不同处理茎枝氮素运转率变幅为36.0%~57.6%，随着氮肥用量增加而降低。不同处理落叶氮占植株总氮积累量比例的变幅为14.9%~20.3%，随着氮肥用量增加，落叶氮比例逐渐增加。不同处理初花期氮积累量占植株总氮量的变幅为75.5%~90.5%，随着氮肥用量的增加，其比例逐渐增加。初花期期积累氮素对后期产量形成作用较大，注重前期施肥可促进花芽分化，形成更多的有效角果，有利于获得高产。

关键词: 甘蓝型油菜, 氮素积累, 落叶, 氮素运转率, 氮素利用率

Abstract:

In this study, five conventional oilseed rape varieties with different oil contents, including Yangyou 6 (YY6), Suyou 211(SY211), Ningyou 20 (NY20), Zhongshuang 11 (ZS11), and Zheyou 50 (ZY50) were grown under three N (nitrogen) fertilizer levels: 120 (N1), 240 (N2), and 360 kg N ha-1 (N3) from 2010 to 2012. The effects of N application on N accumulation, N translocation rate and N use efficiency were studied through plant sampling, picking deciduous leaf and measuring dry matter weight, N content and oil content. The results showed that with increasing N application rates yield and total N amount in whole plant increased, and N harvest index (NHI) and N use efficiency for grain production (NUEg) decreased. The N translocation rate in leaf ranged from 76.6% to 80.2%, and there were no significant differences among different N fertilizer levels. The nitrogen translocation rate in stem ranged from 36.0% to 57.6%, and decreased with increasing N application rates. The N proportion of deciduous leaf to whole plant ranged from 14.9% to 20.3%, and increased with increasing N application rates. The N proportion of the beginning of flowering stage to ripening stage was from 75.5% to 90.5%, and increased with increasing N application rates. The effect of N amount at the beginning of flowering stage on yield is significant. N application at earlier stage promotes flower bud differentiation and increases effective pods, resulting in higher yield.

Key words: Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), N accumulation, Deciduous leaf, N translocation rate, N use efficiency

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