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作物学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (10): 2727-2737.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.51037

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

半干旱区燕麦与豆科作物带状复合种植的产量优势及氮素利用特征研究

陈敏1,2(), 贾蓉1,2, 张金传1,2, 张辰煜1,2, 褚俊聪1,2, 姚伟1,2, 葛军勇3, 王星宇3, 杨亚东1,2, 曾昭海1,2, 臧华栋1,2,*()   

  1. 1中国农业大学农学院玉米生物育种国家重点实验室, 北京 100193
    2中国农业大学农学院农业农村部农作制度重点实验室, 北京 100193
    3张家口市农业科学院, 河北张家口 075000
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-09 接受日期:2025-07-09 出版日期:2025-10-12 网络出版日期:2025-07-16
  • 通讯作者: *臧华栋, E-mail: zanghuadong@cau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 18801291815@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1901100);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-07-B-5);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-07-A-6)

Yield advantages and nitrogen utilization characteristics of oat and legume strip intercropping in semi-arid zones

CHEN Min1,2(), JIA Rong1,2, ZHANG Jin-Chuan1,2, ZHANG Chen-Yu1,2, CHU Jun-Cong1,2, YAO Wei1,2, GE Jun-Yong3, WANG Xing-Yu3, YANG Ya-Dong1,2, ZENG Zhao-Hai1,2, ZANG Hua-Dong1,2,*()   

  1. 1State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
    2Key Laboratory of Farming system, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
    3Zhangjiakou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei, China
  • Received:2025-04-09 Accepted:2025-07-09 Published:2025-10-12 Published online:2025-07-16
  • Contact: *E-mail: zanghuadong@cau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1901100);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-07-B-5);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-07-A-6)

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摘要：

为探究北方半干旱区燕麦与豆科作物带状复合种植对作物产量和氮素利用的影响, 本研究基于2019年在河北省张北县开展的田间定位试验, 系统分析了作物产量、氮素利用、土壤养分的变化规律。试验共设置5个处理, 分别为燕麦||大豆间作、燕麦||红芸豆间作、燕麦单作、大豆单作和红芸豆单作。结果表明, 燕麦||大豆、燕麦||红芸豆间作的土地当量比和氮产量当量比均大于1, 主要表现为燕麦产量增加, 而大豆、红芸豆产量降低。具体而言, 在燕麦||大豆和燕麦||红芸豆模式下, 间作比单作燕麦分别增产18.2%~32.9%和24.8%~44.8%, 燕麦偏氮产量当量比分别为1.08和0.77, 表明间作体系氮素利用优势主要来自燕麦。此外, 燕麦||大豆和燕麦||红芸豆模式的燕麦籽粒氮吸收与燕麦单作相比分别增加52.4%和115.8%, 植株氮吸收提高40.6%和112.8%。因此, 氮素的高效吸收利用是间作燕麦增产的潜在原因之一。进一步分析表明, 燕麦||红芸豆间作显著提高土壤氮获取酶活性24.1%~56.5%, 从而促进了土壤氮素转化和利用, 表现为间作燕麦根际土壤可溶性氮含量增加19.2%; 燕麦||大豆间作中大豆通过增强生物固氮作用提高根际土铵态氮含量31.8%, 为燕麦提供更多可利用氮源。综上, 燕麦与豆科作物带状复合种植模式通过增加土壤氮获取酶活性来加速可溶性氮释放或通过生物固氮提供更多铵态氮, 进而提高作物产量和氮素利用。因此, 在北方半干旱地区推广燕麦与豆科作物带状复合种植模式, 有助于优化氮素管理、提高系统生产力, 助力区域农业可持续发展。

关键词: 半干旱区, 氮当量比, 燕麦, 大豆, 燕麦, 红芸豆, 土壤养分

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of oat/legumes intercropping on crop yield and nitrogen utilization in the semi-arid northern region, a field experiment was conducted in Zhangbei county, Hebei province, in 2019. The study analyzed crop yield, nitrogen use efficiency, soil nutrients, and soil enzyme activities. Five treatments were applied as oat||soybean intercropping, oat||red kidney bean intercropping, oat monoculture, soybean monoculture, and red kidney bean monoculture. Both the land equivalent ratio and nitrogen yield equivalent ratio for oat||soybean and oat||red kidney bean intercropping were greater than 1, primarily due to increased oat yields despite reduced legume yields. Specifically, oat yields in the oat||soybean and oat||red kidney bean intercropping increased by 18.2%-32.9% and 24.8%-44.8% compared to oat monoculture, respectively. The partial factor productivity of nitrogen for oat was 1.08 and 0.77, respectively, indicating that the nitrogen utilization advantage of intercropping was mainly attributable to oat. Furthermore, oat nitrogen uptake increased by 52.4% and 115.8% in the oat||soybean and oat||red kidney bean intercropping, respectively, while total plant nitrogen uptake increased by 40.6% and 112.8% compared to oat monoculture. These results suggest that enhanced nitrogen absorption and utilization is a key factor contributing to the yield advantage of intercropped oat. Further analysis revealed that the oat||red kidney bean intercropping significantly increased soil nitrogen-acquisition enzyme activity by 24.1%-56.5%, thereby promoting nitrogen transformation and utilization, as evidenced by a 19.2% increase in soluble nitrogen content in the rhizosphere soil of intercropped oat. In the oat||soybean intercropping system, biological nitrogen fixation by soybean increased the ammonium nitrogen content in the rhizosphere soil by 31.8%. In conclusion, the oat||legume strip intercropping improves crop yield and nitrogen utilization by either enhancing soil nitrogen-acquisition enzyme activity to accelerate soluble nitrogen release or by increasing ammonium nitrogen availability via biological nitrogen fixation. Promoting this intercropping system in the semi-arid northern region could optimize nitrogen management, enhance system productivity, and support sustainable regional agricultural development.

Key words: semi-arid zone, nitrogen equivalent ratio, oats, soybeans, oats, red kidney beans, soil nutrients

图1

产量与土地当量比 (a)和(b)分别为2022年燕麦与大豆、红芸豆间作的土地当量比及产量。(c)和(d)分别为2023年燕麦与大豆、红芸豆间作的土地当量比及产量。(a)中, O为燕麦, S为大豆, R为红芸豆。(b)中O为单作燕麦, OS-O为与大豆间作的燕麦, OR-O为与红芸豆间作的燕麦, S为单作大豆, OS-S为与燕麦间作的大豆, R为单作红芸豆, OR-R为与燕麦间作的红芸豆。同年同作物不同小写字母表示差异显著(P < 0.05)。"

图2

氮产量当量比与氮产量 (a) 为燕麦与大豆、红芸豆间作的氮产量当量比, (b) 为氮产量。不同小写字母表示差异显著(P < 0.05)。缩写同图1。"

图3

氮吸收与氮浓度 (a) 为燕麦与大豆、红芸豆间作的籽粒氮吸收, (b) 为燕麦与大豆、红芸豆间作的籽粒氮含量, (c) 为燕麦与大豆、红芸豆间作的植株氮吸收, (d) 为燕麦与大豆、红芸豆间作的植株氮含量。不同小写字母表示差异显著(P < 0.05)。缩写同图1。"

图4

根际土壤理化性质和酶活性效应值 效应值为间作与单作差值之比。(a) 为燕麦与大豆间作的根际土理化性质和酶活性效应值, (b) 为燕麦与红芸豆间作的根际土理化性质和酶活性效应值。TN: 全氮; NO3--N: 硝态氮含量; NH4+-N: 铵态氮含量; DON: 可溶性有机氮; MBC: 微生物生物量碳; MBN: 微生物生物量氮; NAG: N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶; LEU: L-亮氨酸氨基肽酶; ALP: 碱性磷酸酶。*表示间作与对应单作的效应值差异显著。"

图5

氮产量的影响因素 (a) 为燕麦的氮产量影响因素, (b) 为大豆的氮产量影响因素, (c) 为红芸豆的氮产量影响因素。SWC: 含水量; pH: 酸碱度; Soil TN: 土壤全氮; NO3--N: 硝态氮含量; NH4+-N: 铵态氮含量; AN: 速效氮含量; AP: 速效磷; DOC: 可溶性有机碳; DON: 可溶性有机氮; MBC: 微生物生物量碳; MBN: 微生物生物量氮; NAG: N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶; LEU: L-亮氨酸氨基肽酶; N-acq: 氮获取酶活性; ALP: 碱性磷酸酶; Plant N conc.: 植株氮浓度; Seed N conc.: 籽粒氮浓度; Biomass: 生物量; Yield: 产量; Plant N uptake: 植株氮吸收; Seed N uptake: 籽粒氮吸收。*: P < 0.05, **: P < 0.01, ***: P < 0.001。"

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