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作物学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (12): 3211-3223.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.54045

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同耐荫性谷子对遮阴的生理响应及转录组分析

朱灿灿(), 李君霞(), 景雅, 付森杰, 秦娜, 王春义, 代书桃, 魏昕, 张程炀   

  1. 河南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所, 河南郑州 450002
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-07 接受日期:2025-08-13 出版日期:2025-12-12 网络出版日期:2025-08-25
  • 通讯作者: *李君霞, E-mail: lijunxia@126.com
  • 作者简介:朱灿灿, E-mail: 840565387@qq.com
    李君霞, E-mail: lijunxia@126.com第一联系人：**同等贡献
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由河南省重点研发计划专项(231111110300);本研究由河南省重点研发计划专项(241111112100);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-06);河南省产业技术体系专项(HARS-25-04);河南省农业科学院自主创新项目(2025ZC24);河南省农业科学院创新团队专项(2024TD039)

Physiological response and transcriptome analysis of foxtail millet with different shading tolerances under shading stress

ZHU Can-Can(), LI Jun-Xia(), JING Ya, FU Sen-Jie, QIN Na, WANG Chun-Yi, DAI Shu-Tao, WEI Xin, ZHANG Cheng-Yang   

  1. Cereal Crops Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
  • Received:2025-04-07 Accepted:2025-08-13 Published:2025-12-12 Published online:2025-08-25
  • Contact: *E-mail: lijunxia@126.com
  • About author:First author contact:**Contributed equally to this work
  • Supported by:
    Key Research and Development Project of Henan Province(231111110300);Key Research and Development Project of Henan Province(241111112100);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-06);Henan Province Agriculture Research System(HARS-25-04);Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Independent Innovation Fund Project(2025ZC24);Innovation Teams of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2024TD039)

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摘要： 为研究不同耐荫性谷子对遮阴胁迫的响应机制, 本研究以豫谷29 (YG29)和保谷25 (BG25)为试验材料, 于灌浆期搭建遮阴网进行遮阴处理, 分析2个谷子品种的产量性状、光合色素、光合作用、抗氧化酶活性以及转录组学差异。结果表明, 遮阴胁迫显著降低了2个谷子品种的产量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度, 显著增加了叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量, 增强了POD、SOD和CAT活性; 与BG25相比, YG29在遮阴条件下具有更高的产量、叶绿素含量、净光合速率和抗氧化酶活性, 更低的叶绿素a/b值, 表现出较强的耐荫性。转录组分析发现, BG25和YG29中分别有2961个和2966个响应遮阴胁迫的差异表达基因; BG25和YG29的差异基因分别显著富集在24个和16个GO类别、13条和6条KEGG通路, 2个品种共同显著富集的通路有光合作用-天线蛋白、卟啉与叶绿素代谢、苯丙素生物合成和氰基氨基酸代谢。对关键代谢通路上基因进行分析发现, 与BG25相比, 遮阴下YG29中叶绿素降解相关基因NOL、HCAR、SGR、PPH和RCCR的表达量较低, 碳固定相关基因RBC、RCA、PEPC、MDH、GAPC、FBA和抗氧化酶相关基因PRX、CAT的表达量较高, 这些基因可能在谷子耐荫中发挥重要作用。

关键词: 谷子, 遮阴胁迫, 生理特性, 产量, 转录组

Abstract:

To investigate the response mechanisms of foxtail millet cultivars with different shade tolerance to shading stress, Yugu 29 (YG29) and Baogu 25 (BG25) were used as experimental materials. Shading nets were applied during the grain filling stage to simulate shading conditions. We examined the differences between the two cultivars in yield traits, photosynthetic pigments, photosynthetic parameters, antioxidant enzyme activities, and transcriptomic profiles. The results showed that shading stress significantly reduced yield, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance, while significantly increasing chlorophyll a and b contents as well as the activities of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). Compared with BG25, YG29 exhibited higher yield, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, and antioxidant enzyme activities, along with a lower chlorophyll a/b ratio, indicating greater tolerance to shading stress. Transcriptome analysis identified 2961 and 2966 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in BG25 and YG29 under shading conditions, respectively. These DEGs were significantly enriched in 24 and 16 Gene Ontology (GO) categories and 13 and 6 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways in BG25 and YG29, respectively. Four pathways were commonly enriched in both cultivars: photosynthesis-antenna proteins, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and cyanoamino acid metabolism. Further analysis of key metabolic pathways revealed that, under shading stress, YG29 showed lower expression levels of chlorophyll degradation-related genes (NOL, HCAR, SGR, PPH, and RCCR), and higher expression levels of genes related to carbon fixation (RBC, RCA, PEPC, MDH, GAPC, and FBA) and antioxidant enzymes (PRX, CAT) compared with BG25. These genes may play critical roles in the enhanced shade tolerance of YG29.

Key words: foxtail millet, shading stress, physiological characteristics, yield, transcriptome

表1

遮阴对谷子光合色素含量的影响"

项目
Item		 处理Treatment
YG29 CK YG29 S BG25 CK BG25 S
叶绿素a Chl a (mg g-1) 1.71 b 1.81 a 1.51 c 1.67 b
叶绿素b Chl b (mg g-1) 0.43 b 0.47 a 0.38 c 0.41 b
总叶绿素Chl a+b (mg g-1) 2.14 b 2.28 a 1.89 c 2.08 b
类胡萝卜素Car (mg g-1) 0.35 a 0.37 a 0.36 a 0.37 a
叶绿素a/b Chl a/b 3.98 b 3.85 c 3.97 b 4.07 a

表2

遮阴对谷子光合参数的影响"

项目
Item		 处理Treatment
YG29 CK YG29 S BG25 CK BG25 S
净光合速率Pn (μmol m-2 s-1) 20.12 a 16.80 b 19.39 a 13.64 c
气孔导度Gs (mmol m-2 s-1) 0.14 a 0.07 b 0.14 a 0.05 b
胞间CO2浓度Ci (μL L-1) 72.68 c 147.76 b 76.32 c 175.07 a
蒸腾速率Tr (mmol m-2 s-1) 4.41 a 2.32 b 4.27 a 2.24 b

图1

遮阴对谷子SOD、POD、CAT活性的影响 缩写同表1。图柱上不同小写字母表示0.05水平差异显著。"

表3

遮阴对谷子产量及相关性状的影响"

处理
Treatment		 穗长
Panicle length (cm)		 穗粗
Panicle diameter (mm)		 单穗码数
Spike number		 单码粒数
Grain number per spike		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 穗粒重
Grain weight per panicle (g)		 产量
Yield
(kg hm-2)
YG29 CK 20.66 b 24.86 a 96.81 b 85.09 a 2.75 a 16.77 a 7333.33 a
YG29 S 20.06 b 24.12 a 95.58 b 76.50 b 2.71 a 14.67 b 6422.97 b
BG25 CK 23.78 a 25.53 a 124.34 a 69.27 c 2.80 a 17.63 a 7550.10 a
BG25 S 19.37 c 19.49 b 120.65 a 48.75 d 2.39 b 10.05 c 3697.02 c

表4

转录组测序数据统计"

样本
Sample		 过滤后序列数
ReadSum		 过滤后碱基数
BaseSum		 G和C占总碱基数量百分比
GC (%)		 Q20比例
Q20 percentage (%)		 Q30比例
Q30 percentage (%)
BG25 CK-1 28,009,853 8,402,955,900 51.08 98.74 95.42
BG25 CK-2 30,791,866 9,237,559,800 51.05 98.93 96.17
BG25 CK-3 26,908,903 8,072,670,900 51.12 98.91 96.07
BG25 S-1 26,506,175 7,951,852,500 51.66 98.86 95.90
BG25 S-2 28,392,601 8,517,780,300 51.61 98.89 96.03
BG25 S-3 27,971,860 8,391,558,000 51.58 98.93 96.16
YG29 CK-1 31,034,112 9,310,233,600 50.95 98.99 96.35
YG29 CK-2 29,191,336 8,757,400,800 50.97 98.93 96.15
YG29 CK-3 26,969,835 8,090,950,500 51.10 98.95 96.25
YG29 S-1 27,555,926 8,266,777,800 51.32 98.89 95.97
YG29 S-2 27,345,884 8,203,765,200 51.26 98.93 96.16
YG29 S-3 29,655,010 8,896,503,000 51.54 98.88 95.99

图2

差异表达基因韦恩分析"

图3

遮阴和对照差异表达基因的b注释分析 缩写同表1。BP: 生物过程; CC: 细胞组成; MF: 分子功能。"

图4

遮阴和对照差异表达基因的KEGG注释分析"

图5

遮阴胁迫相关差异表达基因的表达水平值热图 缩写同表1。A图为卟啉和叶绿素代谢通路中DEGs的表达量; B图为光合相关通路中DEGs的表达量; C图为抗氧化酶相关的DEGs的表达量。颜色由蓝到红表示基因的表达数据水平(Z值)由低到高。"

表5

差异表达转录因子统计"

转录因子家族
Transcription factor family		 YG29 S vs YG29 CK BG25 S vs BG25 CK
基因数
Gene number		 上调
Up		 下调
Down		 基因数
Gene number		 上调
Up		 下调
Down
MYB 21 3 18 23 5 18
bHLH 21 7 14 19 6 13
AP2/ERF 14 8 6 21 9 12
WRKY 13 3 10 18 1 17
GARP 13 5 8 11 5 6
C2C2 12 5 7 14 6 8
bZIP 10 4 6 15 5 10
NAC 8 2 6 13 2 11
C2H2 7 2 5 11 2 9
HB 7 4 3 10 3 7
其他 Other 69 32 37 87 43 44
总计 Total 195 75 120 242 87 155

图6

遮阴胁迫相关差异表达转录因子基因的表达水平值热图 缩写同表1。颜色由蓝到红表示基因的表达数据水平(Z值)由低到高。"

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