有机物料投入对滨海盐碱地土壤理化性状和夏玉米产量形成的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.43002

Abstract

Abstract:

This study investigates the regulatory effects of different organic material inputs on soil physicochemical properties, as well as maize growth and development, in coastal saline-alkali land. The objective is to provide a theoretical basis for summer maize production in such environments. The experiment was conducted during the summer maize growing seasons of 2021-2022 in coastal saline-alkali farmland located in Wudi county, Binzhou city, Shandong province. The organic materials used included humic acid (3000 kg hm^-2, HA), biochar (15,000 kg hm^-2, BC), and bio-organic fertilizer (15,000 kg hm^-2, BO), while the control (CK) had no organic materials added. The study examined changes in soil bulk density, total porosity, field capacity, pH value, electrical conductivity, and total organic carbon content in the 0-40 cm soil layer. Additionally, the effects of different organic material inputs on aboveground dry matter accumulation and maize yield formation were assessed. The results demonstrated that the application of humic acid, biochar, and bio-organic fertilizer can improve the physicochemical properties of saline-alkali soil. All three organic material treatments significantly reduced the bulk density of the surface soil, increased total porosity and field capacity, and reduced the pH value of the 0-10 cm soil layer by 0.17, 0.08, and 0.20, respectively. After two years of continuous application, humic acid significantly decreased soil electrical conductivity in the 0-40 cm soil layer by an average of 32.74%. Furthermore, all three organic materials significantly increased the total organic carbon content in the 0-20 cm soil layer, with the biochar treatment exhibiting a significant increase of 57.99%. Both humic acid and bio-organic fertilizer treatments significantly increased aboveground biomass and yield of summer maize. After two consecutive years of application, the humic acid treatment showed a significant yield increase of 11.01%, indicating superior performance. In conclusion, comprehensive analysis showed that the application of humic acid can improve soil physical structure, reduce the pH of the 0-10 cm soil layer, increase organic carbon content, decrease soil electrical conductivity, promote aboveground biomass accumulation in summer maize, and enhance grain yield under the conditions of this study. Moreover, humic acid application demonstrated increased net yield compared to the control after two consecutive years. Therefore, humic acid can be employed as an organic material to improve soil physical and chemical properties in coastal saline-alkali land, while promoting the growth and development of summer maize. Although bio-organic fertilizer also enhances soil physical and chemical properties, further localized experiments are necessary to verify its long-term economic effects.

Key words: coastal saline-alkali land, organic material, soil physical and chemical properties, yield

ZHANG Gui-Qin, WANG Hong-Zhang, GUO Xin-Song, ZHU Fu-Jun, GAO Han, ZHANG Ji-Wang, ZHAO Bin, REN Bai-Zhao, LIU Peng, REN Hao. Effects of organic material inputs on soil physicochemical properties and summer maize yield formation in coastal saline-alkali land[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(9): 2323-2334.

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References 58

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土层 Soil layer (cm)	处理 Treatment	2021			2022
土层 Soil layer (cm)	处理 Treatment	容重 Bulk density (g cm^-3)	总孔隙度 Total porosity (%)	田间持水量 Field capacity (%)	容重 Bulk density (g cm^-3)	总孔隙度 Total porosity (%)	田间持水量 Field capacity (%)
0-10	CK	1.43±0.01 a	40.25±1.07 b	25.78±0.54 a	1.17±0.01 a	48.75±0.01 b	36.08±0.36 b
	HA	1.41±0.01 a	42.70±0.64 a	26.78±0.57 a	1.11±0.03 bc	49.77±0.12 a	38.49±1.02 a
	BC	1.41±0.01 a	42.57±0.33 a	25.40±1.35 a	1.08±0.01 c	49.85±0.51 a	38.09±0.37 a
	BO	1.42±0.01 a	42.62±0.32 a	27.12±0.40 a	1.14±0.01 ab	49.38±0.56 ab	37.71±0.69 a
10-20	CK	1.57±0.01 a	33.84±0.78 b	20.22±0.63 b	1.56±0.01 a	39.39±0.40 c	24.49±0.49 c
	HA	1.50±0.01 b	37.19±0.26 a	25.09±0.19 a	1.33±0.02 c	42.07±0.62 b	30.69±2.80 b
	BC	1.49±0.02 b	39.44±0.06 a	25.39±0.37 a	1.28±0.01 d	45.30±0.19 a	34.55±0.02 a
	BO	1.45±0.01 c	38.32±0.31 a	24.81±0.51 a	1.44±0.02 b	41.55±0.92 b	27.81±0.80 b
20-30	CK	1.56±0.01 a	29.27±1.65 bc	16.95±0.40 c	1.48±0.03 a	40.30±0.34 a	26.02±0.06 b
	HA	1.52±0.01 b	27.77±0.64 c	17.91±0.36 bc	1.50±0.01 a	40.49±0.29 a	25.94±0.42 b
	BC	1.55±0.01 a	31.71±1.10 b	20.04±0.61 b	1.35±0.06 b	42.26±0.88 a	30.03±1.88 a
	BO	1.47±0.01 c	36.43±2.05 a	24.29±1.66 a	1.45±0.01 a	42.11±0.18 a	27.97±0.31 ab
30-40	CK	1.44±0.01 c	33.01±0.46 b	23.66±1.43 a	1.39±0.02 a	43.96±0.63 a	30.26±0.73 ab
	HA	1.56±0.01 a	26.27±0.70 c	16.51±0.45 c	1.38±0.01 a	41.89±0.24 b	29.31±0.16 b
	BC	1.47±0.01 b	36.18±1.41 a	20.93±0.79 b	1.37±0.01 a	42.76±0.25 b	31.61±0.21 a
	BO	1.47±0.01 b	34.48±0.21 ab	21.92±1.17 ab	1.32±0.05 a	42.61±0.01 b	29.00±0.74 b

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	公顷穗数 Actual ears (ear hm^-2)	穗粒数 Grains per ear	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (kg hm^-2)
2021	CK	60,558.58±1170.72 a	511.18±3.43 a	255.36±0.97 b	7903.65±193.57 c
	HA	62,225.33±1644.46 a	495.91±5.71 ab	257.05±2.00 b	8217.70±96.26 b
	BC	61,114.17±1575.40 a	487.89±10.27 b	256.05±3.43 b	7732.01±215.66 c
	BO	62,780.92±962.30 a	504.83±7.37 ab	286.31±4.49 a	9015.42±73.83 a
2022	CK	56,113.92±962.30 a	556.98±2.67 b	321.67±5.84 bc	10,051.57±109.61 c
	HA	57,225.08±962.30 a	582.98±4.09 a	334.52±5.57 a	11,157.90±111.07 a
	BC	56,669.50±0.00 a	577.87±10.81 ab	315.26±4.83 c	10,324.06±251.87 bc
	BO	57,225.08±962.30 a	582.98±17.89 a	331.18±3.65 ab	11,050.37±473.17 ab

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	生产成本 Production cost (Yuan hm^-2)					产值 Output value (Yuan hm^-2)	纯收益 Net income (Yuan hm^-2)	较CK增加纯收益 Increase net income compared with CK (Yuan hm^-2)
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	种子 Seed	农药 Pesticide	肥料 Fertilizer	机械 Machine	合计 Summation	产值 Output value (Yuan hm^-2)	纯收益 Net income (Yuan hm^-2)	较CK增加纯收益 Increase net income compared with CK (Yuan hm^-2)
2021	CK	750	320	2250	1500	4820	21,735.03	16,915.03
	HA	750	320	3750	1500	6320	22,598.67	16,278.67	-636.36
	BC	750	320	74,250	1500	76,820	21,263.03	-55,557.97	-72,472.00
	BO	750	320	12,750	1500	15,320	24,792.45	9472.41	-7442.62
2022	CK	750	400	2250	1300	4700	25,813.87	21,113.87
	HA	750	400	3750	1300	6200	29,109.97	22,909.97	1796.10
	BC	750	400	74,250	1300	76,700	26,864.55	-49,835.45	-70,949.32
	BO	750	400	12,750	1300	15,200	27,482.41	12,282.41	-8831.46

Effects of organic material inputs on soil physicochemical properties and summer maize yield formation in coastal saline-alkali land

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