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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (1): 68-78.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.41034

• CROP GENETICS & BREEDING·GERMPLASM RESOURCES·MOLECULAR GENETICS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Allelic variation and distribution of peroxidase activity genes TaPod-A1, TaPod-A3, and TaPod-D1 of wheat in Xinjiang, China

LIU Xin-Yuan1,2(), CHENG Yu-Kun1,2, WANG Li-Li1, ZHAN Shuai-Shuai1, MA Meng-Yao1, GUO Ling1, GENG Hong-Wei1,2,*()   

  1. 1College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University / Xinjiang Engineering Technology Research Center for High-quality Special Wheat Crops, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China
    2Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2024-05-10 Accepted:2024-09-18 Online:2025-01-12 Published:2024-10-10
  • Contact: *E-mail: hw-geng@163.com
  • Supported by:
    Key R&D Project of Xinjiang Autonomous Region(2022B02001-3);Graduate Research and Innovation Program of Xinjiang Agricultural University(XJAUGRI2023005);Xinjiang Agriculture Research System(XJARS-01-02)

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Abstract:

To further improve the quality of wheat flour, functional markers for the TaPod-A1, TaPod-A3, and TaPod-D1 loci were employed to detect allelic variations in 110 wheat varieties (lines) from Xinjiang. Genotypic and phenotypic ANOVA results revealed that the TaPod-A1b (35.5%), TaPod-A3c (53.6%), and TaPod-D1b (60%) alleles associated with significantly higher POD activity compared to TaPod-A1a (64.5%), TaPod-A3a (46.4%), and TaPod-D1a (40%) alleles, respectively. In Xinjiang wheat cultivars, the distribution frequencies of favorable high-POD activity alleles at the TaPod-A1, TaPod-A3, and TaPod-D1 loci were higher in introduced varieties (lines)≈self-fertile varieties (lines) compared to landraces. Notably, the TaPod-A3b allele was absent in all 110 Xinjiang wheat samples, suggesting that it is a rare allele. The average POD activity of cultivars (lines) with specific alleles at the TaPod-A1, TaPod-A3, and TaPod-D1 genes followed the order: TaPod-A1b/TaPod-A3c/TaPod-D1b (2836.25 U g-1 min-1) > TaPod-A1b/TaPod-A3c/TaPod-D1a (2796.00 U g-1 min-1) > TaPod-A1b/TaPod-A3a/TaPod-D1b (2520.31 U g-1 min-1) > TaPod-A1a/TaPod-A3c/TaPod-D1b (2473.91 U g-1 min-1) > TaPod-A1a/TaPod-A3a/TaPod-D1b (2407.65 U g-1 min-1) > TaPod-A1b/TaPod-A3a/TaPod-D1a (2339.06 U g-1 min-1) > TaPod-A1a/TaPod-A3c/TaPod-D1a (2320.38 U g-1 min-1) > TaPod-A1a/TaPod-A3a/TaPod-D1a (2210.69 U g-1 min-1). Among these, the allele combination TaPod-A1b/TaPod-A3c/TaPod-D1b exhibited significantly higher POD activity (2836.25 U g-1 min-1) compared to the combination TaPod-A1a/TaPod-A3a/TaPod- D1a (2210.69 U g-1 min-1) (P < 0.01), indicating that varieties with superior allele combinations exhibit enhanced POD activity.

Key words: wheat, peroxidase, alleles, molecular marker testing

Table 1

Primer sequence, amplified fragments, and corresponding allelic variations of POD gene"

引物名称
Primer name		 引物序列
Primer sequence (5′-3′)		 扩增片段长度
Length of amplified fragment (bp)		 等位变异
Allelic variation
POD-3A1 F: ACGGGAGACGACGAGAAGCAAAGA 291 TaPod-A1a
R: TCGTGGAAGTGTAGGCGAAGA
POD-3A2 F: GTGGCGCAGGGCCTGTCA 766 TaPod-A1b
R: GTTGTCGAACACGTTGGGGGA
POD-7A1 F: CACGAGACGCTGTGGAAGGACAG 216 TaPod-A3a
R: TCGCATTCAAGGACGCATACA
POD-7A2 F: TATTTTTTTTTTTTTTGCGTTC 882 TaPod-A3b
R: GGATCTCCCCCTTGCGTGCCGGTCTT
POD-7A3 F: AAGACCGGCACGCAGGGGGAGA 156 TaPod-A3c
R: TCGCATTCAAGGACGCATACA
POD-7D1 F: GCTTCGTCCAGGACGCGTT 540 TaPod-D1a
R: CGAGGAATGGGGGGTTGATG
POD-7D6 F: TGGGCATGGGGCTTCTGCA 640 TaPod-D1b
R: GCGAGGAATGGGGGGTTGATG

Fig. 1

Results of amplification using labeled POD-3A1 and POD-3A2 M: marker DL2000; 1: Aberghlig; 2: Yinong 20; 3: Beijing 6; 4: Bima 1; 5: Bima 4; 6: Lovrin 10; 7: Wumang 1; 8: Xinchun 3; 9: Xinchun 22; 10: Xinchun 26."

Fig. 2

Results of amplification using labeled POD-7A1 and POD-7A3 M: marker DL2000; 1: Xindong 32; 2: Kuihua 1; 3: Shidong 7; 4: Xindong 34; 5: Jimai 24; 6: Shidong 8; 7: Shidong 9; 8: Baiyoubao; 9: Kadong 4; 10: Jimai 26."

Fig. 3

Results of amplification using labeled POD-7D1 and POD-7D6 M: marker DL2000; 1: Kadong 1; 2: Kuihua 4; 3: Shidong 7; 4: Xindong 27; 5: Xindong 28; 6: Xinchun 11; 7: Xinchun 40; 8: Xindong 37; 9: Xindong 36; 10: Xindong 23."

Table 2

Distribution of POD activity in different wheat varieties"

等位变异基因
Allele		 全部品种(系)
All varieties (lines)		 冬小麦 Winter wheat 春小麦 Spring wheat
地方品种(系)
Landraces (lines)		 自育品种(系)
Self-bred varieties (lines)		 引进品种(系)
Introduced varieties (lines)		 总计
Total		 早期品种(系)
Early varieties (lines)		 近期品种(系)
Recent varieties (lines)		 总计
Total
TaPod-A1a 2363.2 a 2422.67 a 2338.04 a 2431.36 a 2389.16 a 0 2412.08 a 2412.08 a
TaPod-A1b 2664.29 b 3057.5 b 2437.5 a 2875.23 b 2673.81 b 2420.83 2703.65 a 2650.62 a
TaPod-A3a 2345.05 a 2422.5 a 2255.68 a 2502.29 a 2362.22 a 0 2216.25 a 2216.25 a
TaPod-A3b 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
TaPod-A3c 2577.92 b 2550 a 2508.97 a 2529.05 a 2523.55 a 2588.75 2794.04 a 2755.55 b
TaPod-D1a 2332.95 a 2363.75 a 2204.88 a 2465 a 2332.96 a 0 0 0
TaPod-D1b 2561.29 b 2521.5 a 2535.79 b 2584.5 a 2549.15 b 2420.83 2611.58 2585.57
TaPod-A1a/TaPod-A3a/TaPod-D1a 2210.69 a 2225 a 2115 ab 2505.833 abcd 2210.69 a 0 0 0
TaPod-A1a/TaPod-A3a/TaPod-D1b 2407.65 ab 2587.083 a 2385 ab 2162.5 a 2406.5 ab 0 2416.25 ab 2416.25 ab
TaPod-A1a/TaPod-A3c/TaPod-D1b 2473.91 ab 2423.125 a 2528 ab 2457.5 abc 2487.37 abcd 0 2410 ab 2410 ab
TaPod-A1a/TaPod-A3c/TaPod-D1a 2320.38 a 0 2370 ab 2305.5 ab 2320.38 abc 0 0 0
TaPod-A1b/TaPod-A3a/TaPod-D1a 2339.06 a 0 2009.375 a 2668.75 abcd 2339.06 ab 0 0 0
TaPod-A1b/TaPod-A3c/TaPod-D1a 2796 c 3057.5 b 2600 ab 3122.5 cd 2796 d 0 0 0
TaPod-A1b/TaPod-A3a/TaPod-D1b 2520.31 ab 0 2837.5 b 3185 d 2924.38 bcd 0 2116.25 a 2116.25 a
TaPod-A1b/TaPod-A3c/TaPod-D1b 2836.2 5c 0 2462.5 ab 2929 bcd 2851.25 cd 2420.83 2964.72 b 2828.75 b

Table 3

Distribution frequency of alleles in different types of Xinjiang wheat"

等位变异基因
Allele		 全部品种(系)
All varieties
(lines)		 冬小麦 Winter wheat 春小麦 Spring wheat
地方品种(系)
Landraces
(lines)		 自育品种(系)
Self-bred varieties (lines)		 引进品种(系)
Introduced varieties (lines)		 总计
Total		 早期品种(系)
Early varieties
(lines)		 近期品种(系)
Recent varieties (lines)		 总计
Total
个数
No.		 频率
Frequency
(%)		 个数
No.		 频率
Frequency
(%)		 个数
No.		 频率
Frequency
(%)		 个数
No.		 频率
Frequency
(%)		 个数
No.		 频率
Frequency
(%)		 个数
No.		 频率
Frequency
(%)		 个数
No.		 频率
Frequency
(%)		 个数
No.		 频率
Frequency (%)
TaPod-A1a 71 64.5 15 93.8 28 71.8 22 66.7 65 73.9 0 0 6 31.6 6 27.3
TaPod-A1b 39 35.5 1 6.2 11 28.2 11 33.3 23 26.1 3 100 13 68.4 16 72.7
TaPod-A3a 51 46.4 11 68.8 22 56.4 12 36.4 45 51.1 0 0 6 31.6 6 27.3
TaPod-A3b 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
TaPod-A3c 59 53.6 5 31.2 17 43.6 21 63.6 43 48.9 3 100.0 13 68.4 16 72.7
TaPod-D1a 44 0.4 6 37.5 20 51.3 18 54.5 44 50.0 0 0 0 0 0 0
TaPod-D1b 66 0.6 10 62.5 19 48.7 15 45.5 44 50.0 3 100.0 19 100.0 22 100.0
TaPod-A1a/TaPod-A3a/TaPod-D1a 18 16.4 5 31.25 10 25.6 3 9.1 18 20.5 0 0 0 0 0 0
TaPod-A1a/TaPod-A3a/TaPod-D1b 17 15.5 6 37.5 5 12.8 4 12.1 15 17.0 0 0 2 10.5 2 9.1
TaPod-A1a/TaPod-A3c/TaPod-D1b 23 20.9 4 25 10 25.6 5 15.2 19 21.6 0 0 4 21.1 4 18.2
TaPod-A1a/TaPod-A3c/TaPod-D1a 13 11.8 0 0 3 7.7 10 30.3 13 14.8 0 0 0 0 0 0
TaPod-A1b/TaPod-A3a/TaPod-D1a 8 7.3 0 0 4 10.3 4 12.1 8 9.1 0 0 0 0 0 0
TaPod-A1b/TaPod-A3c/TaPod-D1a 5 4.5 1 6.25 3 7.7 1 3.0 5 5.7 0 0 0 0 0 0
TaPod-A1b/TaPod-A3a/TaPod-D1b 8 7.3 0 0 3 7.7 1 3.0 4 4.5 0 0 4 21.1 4 18.2
TaPod-A1b/TaPod-A3c/TaPod-D1b 18 16.3 0 0 1 2.6 5 15.2 6 6.8 3 100.0 9 47.3 12 54.5
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