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作物学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (2): 312-323.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.41045
雍瑞1,2，胡文静2,*，吴迪2，汪尊杰2，李东升2，赵蝶2，尤俊超2，肖永贵3，王春平1,*
YONG Rui1,2,HU Wen-Jing2,*,WU Di2,WANG Zun-Jie2,LI Dong-Sheng2,ZHAO Die2,YOU Jun-Chao2,XIAO Yong-Gui3,WANG Chun-Ping1,*
摘要：
小麦穗粒数是典型的数量性状，与小麦产量密切相关。为进一步挖掘小麦穗粒数的数量性状位点(quantitative trait loci，QTL)，本研究以扬麦4号/偃展1号衍生的151个的重组自交系(recombinant inbred lines，RIL) (F10)为材料，利用小麦55K单核苷酸多态性(single-nucleotide polymorphism，SNP)基因芯片构建高密度遗传图谱，结合3年4个环境的表型数据对穗粒数性状进行QTL定位分析。在染色体4A、5A和5B上共检测到3个与穗粒数相关的QTL。其中，QGns.yaas-4A和QGns.yaas-5B在2个环境中均能被检测到，增加穗粒数的效应都来源于扬麦4号，表型贡献率分别为11.50%~13.27%和5.59%~10.99%，物理区间分别为703.41~710.25 Mb和77.62~365.60 Mb；QGns.yaas-5A在4个环境中检测到，增加穗粒数的效应来源于偃展1号，表型贡献率为8.99%~11.13%，物理区间为495.34~512.39 Mb。分析定位结果发现，QGns.yaas-5A增加穗粒数的等位变异(YZ1等位变异)和QGns.yaas-5B上的增加穗粒数的等位变异(YM4等位变异)可显著增加千粒重，分别增效3.50% (P < 0.05)和4.45% (P < 0.01)。开发了QGns.yaas-4A、QGns.yaas-5A和QGns.yaas-5B的KASP (Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR)标记，在自然群体中验证表明，聚合3个增加穗粒数等位变异的位点具有显著的加性效应，可增加13.75%的穗粒数。该研究结果为小麦穗粒数分子标记辅助育种提供理论和技术支撑。
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