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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2020, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 448-461.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.91031

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Drought resistance identification and drought resistance indexes screening of barley resources at mature period

Yin-Ping XU,Yong-Dong PAN(),Qiang-De LIU,Yuan-Hu YAO,Yan-Chun JIA,Cheng REN,Ke-Cang HUO,Wen-Qing CHEN,Feng ZHAO,Qi-Jun BAO,Hua-Yu ZHANG   

  1. Institute of Industrial Crops and Malting Barley, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
  • Received:2019-04-17 Accepted:2019-08-09 Online:2020-03-12 Published:2020-03-01
  • Contact: Yong-Dong PAN E-mail:panyongdong1010@163.com
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by Gansu International Science and Technology Cooperation Project of China(17YF1WA156);Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Agricultural Science and Technology Support Program of China(2018GAAS02);Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Modern Biological Breeding Project of China(2019GAAS08);Gansu Academy of Agricultural Young and Middle-aged Fund Project of China(2017GAAS74);China Agriculture Research System(CARS-05)

Abstract:

Drought is one of the major factors affecting barley production. Identification of drought resistance of barley resource at maturity stage, could provide and their associating indexes a basis for breeding drought-resistant cultivars. Field experiments were carried out in Wuwei city, Gansu province, in 2016 and 2017, where the average rainfall during the main water requirement period is less than 40 mm. thirty barley resource under measured normal irrigation and drought stress were used to measured plant height, spike length, tiller number, grain number per plant, grain weight per plant, grain number per spike, 1000-grain weight and yield of barley. Drought resistance comprehensive evaluation value (D-value), comprehensive drought resistance coefficient (CDC-value), weight drought resistance coefficient (WDC-value), correlation analysis, frequency analysis, principal component analysis, grey relational analysis, subordinate function analysis, clustering analysis, and stepwise regression analysis were combined to identify the drought resistance and to screen drought resistance indexes of tested resource at mature period. Drought stress had significant effects on all measured indexes. Frequency analysis showed that the sensitivity of each index to drought stress was yield, plant height, grain weight per plant, spike length, grain number per plant, tiller number, grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight. The yield was very significantly and positively correlated with plant height, spike length, tiller number, grain number per plant and grain weight per plant, and significantly and positively correlated with grain number per spike, but not correlated with 1000-grain weight. Principal component analysis showed that five principal components could represent 86.39% of the original data information of barley drought resistance. The ranks of drought resistance based on the D-value, CDC-value, and WDC-value were similar. Grey relational analysis showed that the correlation degree between DC-value of all indexes and D-value in turn for yield, grain weight per plant, grain number per plant, spike length, plant height, tiller number, grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight, the correlation degree between DC-value of all indexes and WDC-value in turn for grain weight per plant, yield, grain number per plant, tiller number, spike length, grain number per spike, plant height and1000-grain weight, According to D-value clustering analysis, tested barley materials were divided into five drought resistance grades, in which five were in grade 1, one was in grade 2, eleven were in grade 3, ten were in grade 4, and three were in grade 5. Except for tiller number and 1000-grain weight, the subordinate function values, CDC-values, D-values, and WDC-values of other indicators were increased with increase of drought resistance grades. Stepwise regression analysis showed that plant height, Spike length, tiller number, grain number per plant, grain weight per plant, grain number per spike, 1000-grain weight and yield were closely related to the D-value. Drought stress had significant effects on all indexes of barley resources at mature period. D-value was determined as an appropriate index for drought resistance identification. Ganpi 7, Z06-278-9, MERIT, NEVADA, and Xizang 25 were identified as drought resistant barley materials at mature period, which could provide basic materials for the researches on cultivar breeding, drought resistant mechanism, and regulation and alleviation mechanism of drought resistance in barley. The spike length, grain number per plant, grain weight per plant, grain number per spike and yield could be used as the simple and intuitive identification indexes of drought resistance in barley resources at mature period.

Key words: barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), mature period, drought resistance, drought resistance indexes

Table 1

Origins of 30 barley resources"

编号Number 名称
Name
来源
Origin
01 Z06-278-9 美国 USA
02 Z06-266-10 美国 USA
03 MERIT 美国 USA
04 Z06-291-1 美国 USA
05 BARI188 美国 USA
06 BARI160 美国 USA
07 BARI187 美国 USA
08 BARI165 美国 USA
09 西藏10 Xizang 10 中国西藏 Tibet, China
10 西藏12 Xizang 12 中国西藏 Tibet, China
11 西藏23 Xizang 23 中国西藏 Tibet, China
12 西藏25 Xizang 25 中国西藏 Tibet, China
13 NEVADA 美国 USA
14 甘啤6号 Ganpi 6 中国甘肃省农业科学院 Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
15 甘饲1号 Gansi 1 中国甘肃省农业科学院 Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
16 0420-7 (甘啤4号杂交后代) Derived from Ganpi 4 中国甘肃省农业科学院 Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
17 0521-6 (甘啤7号杂交后代) Derived from Ganpi 7 中国甘肃省农业科学院 Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
18 2153122 (甘啤7号杂交后代) Derived from Ganpi 7 中国甘肃省农业科学院 Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
19 0821-2 (MERIT杂交后代) Derived from MERIT 中国甘肃省农业科学院 Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
20 0835-3 (MERIT杂交后代) Derived from MERIT 中国甘肃省农业科学院 Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
21 0844-1 (MERIT杂交后代) Derived from MERIT 中国甘肃省农业科学院 Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
22 0903-2 (法瓦维特杂交后代) Derived from Favorit 中国甘肃省农业科学院 Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
23 中黄1号 Zhonghuang 1 中国甘肃甘南州 Gannan, Gansu, China
24 0902-1 (法瓦维特杂交后代) Derived from Favorit 中国甘肃省农业科学院 Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
25 陇青1号 Longqing 1 中国甘肃省农业科学院 Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
26 甘啤4号 Ganpi 4 中国甘肃省农业科学院 Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
27 甘啤7号 Ganpi 7 中国甘肃省农业科学院 Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
28 甘啤8号 Ganpi 8 中国甘肃省农业科学院 Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
29 甘啤9号 Ganpi 9 中国甘肃省农业科学院 Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
30 Aspen 美国 USA

Table 2

Mean values of all indices in tested barley resources under drought stress and normal irrigation"

项目
Item
株高
PH (cm)
穗长
SL (cm)
分蘖数
TN
单株粒数
GNPP
单株粒重GWPP (g) 穗粒数
KNPS
千粒重
TGW (g)
产量
Y (kg hm-2)
CK T CK T CK T CK T CK T CK T CK T CK T
平均值 Ave. 79.41 58.59 7.61 6.31 2.66 2.29 62.77 52.11 3.01 2.31 23.67 21.04 48.84 43.42 3.07 1.45
变异系数 CV 0.086 0.105 0.084 0.136 0.078 0.150 0.101 0.128 0.146 0.185 0.098 0.121 0.070 0.074 0.083 0.412
标准误 SE 6.623 0.666 0.261 7.352 0.325 1.808 3.077 2.428
tt-value 17.218 10.746 7.794 7.946 10.919 7.985 9.655 5.855
PP-value 0.0001** 0.0001** 0.0001** 0.0001** 0.0001** 0.0001** 0.0001** 0.0001**
相关系数 r 0.499 0.652 0.665 0.382 0.681 0.737 0.587 0.352

Table 3

Drought resistance coefficients of all indexes in tested barley germplasm"

编号
Number
株高
PH
穗长
EL
分蘖数
TN
单株粒数
GNPP
单株粒重
GWPP
穗粒数
KNPS
千粒重
TGW
产量
Y
01 0.845 0.889 0.962 0.968 0.850 0.936 0.875 0.815
02 0.683 0.901 0.867 0.772 0.884 0.775 0.934 0.462
03 0.815 0.917 0.981 0.937 0.862 0.925 0.902 0.823
04 0.662 0.853 0.913 0.825 0.905 0.785 0.990 0.370
05 0.774 0.909 0.926 0.878 0.810 0.887 0.936 0.384
06 0.707 0.794 0.759 0.783 0.704 0.723 0.806 0.369
07 0.778 0.815 0.767 0.759 0.736 0.793 0.824 0.393
08 0.722 0.797 0.750 0.790 0.690 0.820 0.830 0.403
09 0.763 0.875 0.857 0.824 0.815 0.891 0.955 0.442
10 0.752 0.964 0.926 0.867 0.757 0.939 0.884 0.728
11 0.709 0.840 0.988 0.885 0.905 0.974 0.841 0.442
12 0.837 0.779 0.739 0.966 0.913 0.944 0.982 0.744
13 0.879 0.904 0.964 0.960 0.859 0.956 0.910 0.806
14 0.736 0.921 0.929 0.898 0.814 0.976 0.807 0.424
15 0.640 0.766 0.852 0.789 0.798 0.828 0.822 0.361
16 0.715 0.725 0.690 0.753 0.596 0.721 0.815 0.293
17 0.722 0.821 0.788 0.924 0.794 0.897 0.856 0.377
18 0.749 0.970 0.929 0.792 0.854 0.954 0.990 0.493
19 0.566 0.766 0.962 0.781 0.679 0.973 0.944 0.499
20 0.813 0.749 0.907 0.792 0.750 0.871 0.871 0.503
21 0.637 0.789 0.875 0.715 0.741 0.881 0.935 0.466
22 0.788 0.759 0.739 0.749 0.663 0.882 0.904 0.329
23 0.750 0.654 0.706 0.591 0.671 0.828 0.906 0.231
24 0.773 0.757 0.857 0.775 0.701 0.942 0.954 0.329
25 0.782 0.787 0.740 0.980 0.657 0.978 0.937 0.385
26 0.687 0.786 0.963 0.865 0.808 0.949 0.867 0.441
27 0.834 0.944 0.966 0.982 0.985 0.953 0.953 0.839
28 0.683 0.782 0.815 0.889 0.707 0.902 0.855 0.274
29 0.718 0.991 0.964 0.929 0.670 0.938 0.839 0.385
30 0.670 0.636 0.687 0.588 0.475 0.853 0.794 0.273
平均值Ave. 0.740 0.828 0.859 0.834 0.768 0.889 0.891 0.469
变异系数CV 0.093 0.106 0.113 0.122 0.140 0.083 0.066 0.373

Table 4

Distribution in DC intervals for drought resistance coefficients of all indexes in tested barley germplasm"

指标
Index
0<DC<0.2 0.2<DC<0.4 0.4<DC<0.6 0.6<DC<0.8 0.8<DC<1.0
次数
Times
频率
Freq.(%)
次数
Times
频率
Freq.(%)
次数
Times
频率
Freq.(%)
次数
Times
频率
Freq.(%)
次数
Times
频率
Freq.(%)
株高 PH 0 0 0 0 1 3 23 77 6 20
穗长 EL 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 47 16 53
分蘖数 TN 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 33 20 67
单株粒数GNPP 0 0 0 0 2 6.7 12 40 16 53.3
单株粒GWPP 0 0 0 0 1 3 15 50 14 47
穗粒数 KNPS 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 17 25 83
千粒重 TGW 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 29 97
产量 Y 0 0 14 46.7 10 33.3 2 6.7 4 13.3

Table 5

Correlation coefficients among drought resistance coefficients of all indexes in tested barley germplasm"

指标
Index
株高
PH
穗长
EL
分蘖数
TN
单株粒数
GNPP
单株粒重
GWPP
穗粒数
KNPS
千粒重
TGW
产量
Y
株高 PH
穗长 EL 0.298
分蘖数 TN 0.069 0.705**
单株粒数 GNPP 0.478** 0.641** 0.507**
单株粒重 GWPP 0.339* 0.620** 0.622** 0.599**
穗粒数 KNPS 0.270 0.370* 0.558** 0.562** 0.288
千粒重 TGW 0.194 0.250 0.254 0.187 0.471** 0.313
产量 Y 0.571** 0.555** 0.553** 0.626** 0.629** 0.451* 0.319

Table 6

Eigenvectors and contribution rates of principal components of all indexes in tested barley germlasm"

指标
Index
因子载荷 Factor loading
F1 F2 F3 F4 F5
株高 PH 0.423 -0.631 0.728 -0.076 0.240
穗长 EL -1.420 0.407 -0.032 0.026 -0.731
分蘖数 TN 0.580 -0.020 -0.234 -0.424 -0.120
单株粒数 GNPP 0.214 -0.252 0.272 -0.284 0.661
单株粒重 GWPP 0.259 0.049 -0.513 0.917 0.324
穗粒数 KNPS -0.246 -0.055 0.821 0.192 -0.097
千粒重 TGW -0.205 -0.049 0.153 0.555 -0.066
产量 Y -0.202 0.662 -0.116 -0.190 1.392
特征根 Characteristic root 3.107 1.267 0.963 0.802 0.697
贡献率 Contribution rate (%) 39.46 15.68 11.96 9.94 8.38
累计贡献率 Cumulative contribution (%) 39.46 55.27 65.33 77.21 86.39
因子权重 Factor weight 0.453 0.189 0.135 0.109 0.103

Table 7

CDC-value, WDC-value, and D-value of drought resistance evaluation in tested barley resources"

编号
Number
隶属函数Subordinate function value CDC值
CDC-value
排序
Rank
D
D-value
排序
Rank
WDC值
WDC-value
排序
Rank
μ1 μ2 μ3 μ4 μ5
01 0.879 0.741 0.893 0.852 0.891 0.893 4 0.852 3 0.891 4
02 0.534 0.270 0.776 0.094 0.745 0.785 15 0.481 17 0.778 15
03 0.888 0.632 0.487 0.859 0.536 0.895 3 0.837 4 0.894 3
04 0.536 0.142 0.641 0.737 0.804 0.788 14 0.457 18 0.779 14
05 0.606 0.343 0.630 0.378 0.805 0.813 10 0.554 10 0.804 10
06 0.289 0.538 0.535 0.860 0.625 0.706 27 0.338 27 0.699 27
07 0.363 0.633 0.575 0.288 0.379 0.733 23 0.417 20 0.726 23
08 0.342 0.573 0.653 0.165 0.796 0.725 26 0.388 22 0.718 25
09 0.571 0.443 0.647 0.769 0.806 0.803 11 0.545 11 0.794 12
10 0.751 0.485 0.478 0.553 0.858 0.852 6 0.698 6 0.848 6
11 0.660 0.177 0.563 0.497 0.327 0.823 8 0.564 8 0.815 8
12 0.764 1.000 0.404 0.553 0.615 0.863 5 0.811 5 0.859 5
13 0.908 0.775 0.512 0.423 0.549 0.905 2 0.882 2 0.902 2
14 0.628 0.280 0.550 0.473 0.771 0.813 9 0.559 9 0.805 9
15 0.375 0.239 1.000 0.530 0.735 0.732 24 0.348 26 0.724 24
16 0.143 0.646 0.754 0.833 0.463 0.664 29 0.243 28 0.655 28
17 0.491 0.491 0.654 0.222 0.902 0.772 18 0.491 16 0.764 18
18 0.692 0.257 0.397 0.056 0.816 0.841 7 0.605 7 0.832 7
19 0.486 0.000 0.579 0.562 0.540 0.771 19 0.389 21 0.761 19
20 0.510 0.609 0.907 0.838 0.757 0.782 13 0.529 13 0.775 16
21 0.430 0.213 0.536 0.437 0.666 0.755 21 0.387 23 0.746 21
22 0.318 0.657 0.507 0.467 1.000 0.727 25 0.386 24 0.715 22
23 0.123 0.579 0.591 1.000 0.649 0.667 28 0.214 29 0.654 29
24 0.422 0.452 0.880 0.554 0.545 0.761 20 0.428 19 0.749 20
25 0.492 0.716 0.509 0.000 0.310 0.781 12 0.537 12 0.770 17
26 0.568 0.212 0.364 0.571 0.781 0.796 13 0.497 15 0.787 13
27 1.000 0.657 0.566 0.515 0.848 0.932 1 0.931 1 0.930 1
28 0.379 0.341 0.781 0.528 0.615 0.738 22 0.372 25 0.728 22
29 0.597 0.183 0.540 0.725 0.675 0.804 11 0.514 14 0.796 11
30 0.000 0.531 0.077 0.496 0.417 0.622 30 0.106 30 0.610 30
平均值 Average 0.785 0.512 0.777
变异系数 CV 0.085 0.361 0.088

Table 8

Correlation degree between DC-value of all indexes and D-value together with WDC-value and indexes weight in tested barley germplasm"

指标
Index
关联度
Correlation degree
排序
Rank
权重系数
Weight
关联度
Correlation degree
排序
Rank
株高 PH 0.71289 5 0.124 0.64220 7
穗长 EL 0.73817 4 0.128 0.71687 5
分蘖数 TN 0.70595 6 0.122 0.72575 4
单株粒数 GNPP 0.74729 3 0.130 0.74033 3
单株粒重 GWPP 0.74891 2 0.130 0.75094 1
穗粒数 KNPS 0.65768 7 0.114 0.65098 6
千粒重 TGW 0.63599 8 0.110 0.59725 8
产量 Y 0.81646 1 0.142 0.74723 2

Fig. 1

Fuzzy clustering dendrogram of drought resistance in tested barley materials on D-value1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 represent different drought resistance levels."

Table 9

Classification of drought resistance evaluation indexes in tested barley germplasm"

指标
Index
隶属函数 Subordinate function value
1 2 3 4 5
株高 PH 0.883 0.593 0.555 0.415 0.466
穗长 EL 0.923 0.705 0.653 0.427 0.100
分蘖数 TN 0.781 0.793 0.695 0.471 0.024
单株粒数 GNPP 0.951 0.709 0.707 0.501 0.141
单株粒重 GWPP 0.821 0.630 0.552 0.504 0.208
穗粒数 KNPS 0.865 0.848 0.764 0.513 0.310
千粒重 TGW 0.664 0.457 0.509 0.471 0.226
产量 Y 0.945 0.818 0.328 0.243 0.057
CDC值 CDC-value 0.898 0.852 0.801 0.744 0.651
DD-value 0.863 0.698 0.534 0.391 0.188
WDC值 WDC-value 0.895 0.848 0.793 0.734 0.640

Table 10

Model predict of drought resistance in tested barley germplasm"

因变量
Dependent variable
回归方程
Regression equation
决定系数R2 F
F-value
P
P-value
相关系数 r
CDC值
CDC-
value
WDC值
WDC-
value
产量
Y
CDC值 CDC-value y = 0.144+0.179x2+0.095x4+0.193x5+0.215x6+0.157x8 0.985 314.79 <0.001 0.885** 0.999** 0.869**
DD-value y = -0.888+0.290x2+0.514x4+0.560x5+0.455x6-0.194x8 0.991 517.65 <0.001 0.900** 0.562**
WDC值 WDC-value y = 0.122+0.191x2+0.104x4+0.207x5+0.224x6+0.139x8 0.987 362.79 <0.001 0.854**

Supplementary table 1

Measured values of all indices in tested Barley resources under drought stress and normal irrigation"

编号
Number
株高
PH (cm)
穗长
SL (cm)
分蘖数
TN
单株粒数GNPP 单株粒重GWPP (g) 穗粒数
KNPS
千粒重
TGW
产量
Y (kg hm-2)
CK T CK T CK T CK T CK T CK T CK T CK T
01 78.92 66.70 8.04 7.15 2.63 2.53 60.97 59.03 3.20 2.72 23.95 22.42 52.60 46.03 3.39 2.76
02 89.78 61.33 7.77 7.00 2.77 2.40 69.80 53.90 3.28 2.90 26.20 20.30 47.49 44.36 2.73 1.26
03 88.67 72.30 8.21 7.52 2.60 2.55 71.53 67.03 3.14 2.70 27.96 25.87 44.79 40.39 3.17 2.61
04 93.49 61.92 7.92 6.76 2.67 2.43 60.93 50.30 2.88 2.61 24.95 19.60 48.40 47.90 3.32 1.23
05 79.78 61.73 7.48 6.80 2.81 2.60 57.77 50.70 2.59 2.10 20.51 18.20 45.01 42.11 3.18 1.22
06 83.33 58.94 6.93 5.50 2.90 2.20 58.87 46.10 2.84 2.00 21.58 15.60 48.26 38.92 3.27 1.21
07 77.96 60.64 7.49 6.10 2.87 2.20 63.80 48.40 3.17 2.33 21.94 17.40 49.62 40.90 3.16 1.24
08 75.82 54.76 7.90 6.30 2.80 2.10 59.23 46.80 2.90 2.00 22.21 18.20 49.06 40.70 3.05 1.23
09 87.84 67.03 7.20 6.30 2.80 2.40 52.70 43.40 2.70 2.20 19.30 17.20 50.35 48.10 3.11 1.37
10 86.56 65.06 7.89 7.61 2.70 2.50 66.23 57.40 3.37 2.55 24.53 23.03 50.43 44.56 3.35 2.44
11 73.49 52.13 7.26 6.10 2.83 2.80 66.30 58.70 3.01 2.72 23.40 22.80 48.88 41.11 3.22 1.42
12 73.83 61.83 6.80 5.30 2.30 1.70 52.20 50.40 2.30 2.10 23.40 22.10 43.90 43.10 2.73 2.03
13 74.67 65.60 7.43 6.71 2.80 2.70 60.20 57.80 2.96 2.55 22.59 21.60 51.32 46.70 3.36 2.71
14 74.02 54.44 7.31 6.73 2.80 2.60 65.63 58.97 3.68 3.00 23.73 23.16 56.14 45.31 2.90 1.23
15 82.87 53.05 8.88 6.80 2.70 2.30 64.67 51.00 3.51 2.80 24.27 20.10 54.39 44.70 3.22 1.16
16 80.50 57.55 8.00 5.80 2.90 2.00 57.40 43.20 3.35 2.00 22.60 16.30 49.30 40.20 3.31 0.97
17 78.54 56.68 6.70 5.50 2.67 2.10 61.80 57.10 3.15 2.50 23.20 20.80 54.98 47.04 3.00 1.13
18 69.54 52.05 6.70 6.50 2.80 2.60 62.10 49.20 3.04 2.60 22.46 21.42 49.21 48.72 2.90 1.43
19 90.42 51.20 7.31 5.60 2.60 2.50 59.30 46.30 2.80 1.90 22.00 21.40 44.40 41.90 2.55 1.27
20 77.14 62.72 8.41 6.30 2.50 2.27 62.87 49.80 2.80 2.10 25.70 22.38 54.40 47.40 2.62 1.32
21 89.86 57.26 7.60 6.00 2.40 2.10 74.27 53.10 2.70 2.00 26.23 23.11 45.64 42.69 2.59 1.21
22 74.05 58.34 7.90 6.00 2.30 1.70 67.20 50.30 3.02 2.00 23.70 20.90 44.89 40.60 3.19 1.05
23 74.07 55.54 6.88 4.50 2.27 1.60 84.10 49.70 4.77 3.20 31.89 26.40 51.83 46.93 2.82 0.65
24 73.61 56.91 7.53 5.70 2.10 1.80 62.33 48.30 2.71 1.90 22.86 21.52 43.48 41.47 2.96 0.97
25 82.25 64.30 8.90 7.00 2.43 1.80 60.10 58.90 2.74 1.80 25.25 24.68 46.37 43.44 2.75 1.06
26 79.46 54.57 7.76 6.10 2.70 2.60 61.60 53.30 3.01 2.43 23.68 22.47 48.77 42.27 3.07 1.35
27 80.48 67.10 8.90 8.40 2.90 2.80 66.10 64.90 2.68 2.64 23.40 22.30 51.30 48.90 3.41 2.86
28 74.49 50.91 7.80 6.10 2.70 2.20 56.37 50.10 2.55 1.80 22.57 20.36 45.03 38.50 3.34 0.92
29 70.80 50.81 6.86 6.80 2.80 2.70 59.90 55.63 2.84 1.90 21.77 20.42 47.44 39.81 3.03 1.17
30 66.08 44.30 6.60 4.20 2.77 1.90 56.93 33.50 2.74 1.30 22.40 19.10 47.53 37.74 3.33 0.91
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