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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (10): 2550-2561.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.44032

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Exploring the functions of different leaf types of directly-sown rapeseed under high density

HUANG Xiao-Yu1(), LOU Hong-Xiang1, SHAO Dong-Li1, ZHANG Zhe2, JIANG Bo3, XIAO Ya-Dan1, CHANG Ying1, GUO An-Da1, ZHAO Jie1, XU Zheng-Hua1, WANG Jing1, WANG Bo1, KUAI Jie1,*(), ZHOU Guang-Sheng1   

  1. 1College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System for the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
    2National Agricultural Technical Extension and Service Center, Beijing 100125, China
    3Hubei Province Oilseed Rape Office, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
  • Received:2024-02-23 Accepted:2024-05-21 Online:2024-10-12 Published:2024-06-04
  • Contact: *E-mail: kuaijie@mail.hzau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1600500);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-12);Earmarked Fund of Hubei Province of China, and the Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province of China(2023BBB028)

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Abstract:

Optimal planting density is a core technology for ensuring rapeseed yield and production efficiency. However, excessive planting density can worsen lodging of rapeseed and make it challenging to achieve high yields. Leaves play a vital role in photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation in rapeseed, but the effects of different leaf types on yield and lodging resistance under high-density conditions remains unclear. In this study, we selected Zhongshuang 11 and implemented two planting densities (D3: 4.5×105 plants hm-2, D5: 7.5×105 plants hm-2) and four-leaf pruning treatments (CK: no leaf pruning, LP: pruning half of the long-petiole leaves, SP: pruning half of the short-petiole leaves, SL: pruning half of the sessile leaves). We aimed to investigate the effects of these three leaf types on the yield and lodging resistance of directly-sown rapeseed under high density, providing a theoretical basis for managing the source-sink relationship, high-density rapeseed cultivation, and the lodging challenge. The results showed that, at the same density, the proportions of short-petiole leaf > long-petiole leaf > sessile leaf. When the density increased from D3 to D5, about 2 short-petiole leaves were reduced, resulted in a decrease in proportion from 50.6% to 46.7%. Leaf pruning at both densities lead to a reduction in siliques per plant, consequently decreasing the yield per plant and actual yield. Among the pruning treatments, SP had the greatest impact on yield. As density increased, the effect of SP on yield per plant increased from 19.61% to 37.67%, and the effect on actual yield increased from 13.65% to 22.03%. The lodging index increased under different leaf pruning treatments, with SP treatment significantly increasing the lodging index in both the upper and lower parts of the plant, indicating weaker lodging resistance. In addition, the root surface area and volume per plant decreased with increasing density, particularly under LP and SP treatments. Correlation analysis revealed that, under D3 density, pruning short-petiole leaves reduced the number of siliques per plant. Under D5 density, pruning short-petiole leaves and long-petiole leaves resulted in reduced siliques per plant and seed per silique, significantly decreasing both yield and lodging resistance. Pruning long-petiole leaves led to a significant decrease in root surface area and volume, which was unfavorable for yield formation.

Key words: high density, long-petiole leaf, short-petiole leaf, root system, yield, lodging resistance

Fig. 1

Schematic diagram of different leaf types (a) and leaf pruning treatments (b) of rapeseed"

Table 1

Changes in the number of pruned leaves and the number of leaves of rapeseed"

年份
Year		 密度
Density		 处理
Treatment		 长柄叶
Long-petiole leaf		 短柄叶
Short-petiole leaf		 无柄叶
Sessile
leaf		 总叶数
Total number of leaves		 剪叶数
Number of pruned leaves
2021-2022 D3 CK 7.9 14.8 7.2 29.1 —
LP 3.3 14.8 6.7 25.1 4.0
SP 8.0 8.0 7.1 21.5 7.6
SL 7.8 14.7 3.6 26.0 3.0
D5 CK 8.1 12.6 6.7 28.8 —
LP 4.1 12.6 6.9 23.5 4.0
SP 8.0 7.1 6.5 21.7 6.7
SL 7.9 12.5 3.6 26.3 3.2
2022-2023 D3 CK 9.1 16.4 6.2 31.7 —
LP 4.5 15.7 6.2 26.5 4.7
SP 8.4 10.0 5.8 24.2 9.1
SL 9.2 16.1 3.0 28.3 2.8
D5 CK 9.7 14.3 6.2 30.2 —
LP 4.8 14.2 6.2 25.1 5.1
SP 9.9 6.9 6.4 23.2 7.8
SL 9.6 14.3 3.6 27.6 2.7

Fig. 2

Effects of different leaf pruning treatments on yield and yield component of rapeseed Abbreviations and treatments are the same as those given in Table 1. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at the 0.05 probability level. * and ** represent differences at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively, while NS indicates non-significant differences."

Table 2

Contribution of different leaf types to yield and yield components (%)"

年份
Year		 密度Density 处理Treatment 成株率
Survival
rate		 单株角果数
Siliques per plant		 每角果粒数
Seeds per silique		 单株产量
Yield per plant		 实收产量Actual
yield		 群体角果数
Group silique number
2021-2022 D3 LP -3.91 -10.60 -0.53 -11.50 -0.46 -14.11
SP -6.25 -14.86 -4.71 -20.68 -11.21 -18.18
SL -2.08 -10.23 -4.77 -15.69 -11.00 -11.09
D5 LP 11.76 -16.97 -6.29 -21.73 -15.02 -9.22
SP 9.84 -18.78 -15.63 -28.95 -16.11 -12.73
SL -1.01 -12.92 1.21 -9.70 -12.16 -15.62
2022-2023 D3 LP -1.04 -9.29 -0.85 -15.37 -15.08 -10.20
SP -1.57 -18.09 -3.78 -18.53 -16.08 -19.34
SL -0.69 -12.64 -6.78 -15.55 -13.54 -13.22
D5 LP 11.09 -16.43 -15.42 -29.28 -16.06 -7.17
SP 8.99 -23.52 -31.00 -46.38 -27.95 -16.64
SL 2.59 -13.94 -3.85 -12.55 -4.57 -11.68

Fig. 3

Effects of different leaf pruning treatments on population yield and related indexes of rapeseed Abbreviations and treatments are the same as those given in Table 1. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between different treatments at the 0.05 probability level; * and ** represent differences at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively, while NS indicates non-significant differences."

Fig. 4

Effects of different leaf pruning treatments on bending strength and lodging index of rapeseed Abbreviations and treatments are the same as those given in Table 1. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between different treatments at the 0.05 probability level. * and ** indicate differences at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively, while NS indicate non-significant differences."

Table 3

Contribution of lodging index of rapeseed under different leaf pruning treatments (%)"

密度
Density		 处理
Treatment		 上部倒伏指数Upper lodging index 下部倒伏指数Lower lodging index
2021-2022 2022-2023 2021-2022 2022-2023
D3 LP 4.49 3.12 21.63 4.38
SP 31.66 11.90 31.43 7.57
SL 15.04 2.27 13.88 3.98
D5 LP 15.00 6.62 18.00 3.96
SP 22.63 24.50 27.60 12.78
SL 16.84 9.60 7.20 7.49

Fig. 5

Effects of different leaf pruning treatments on root phenotype of rapeseed Abbreviations and treatments are the same as those given in Table 1. BP, SS, BS and FS indicated pre-treatment, seeding stage, bolting stage, flowering stage, respectively; a-d was the control and pruned long-petiole leaves (LP) under D3 and D5 densities at seeding stage, e-h was the control and pruned long-petiole leaves (LP) under D3 and D5 densities at bolting stage, and i-l was the control and pruned long-petiole leaves (LP) under D3 and D5 densities at flowering stage."

Fig. 6

Correlation between different leaf types and yield related indexes of rapeseed Abbreviations and treatments are the same as those given in Table 1. *, **, and *** represent significant correlations at the 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001 probability levels, respectively."

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