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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2018, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (6): 876-885.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.00876

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Water-saving Potential for Biennial Mulched Corn with Same Plastic Film in Oasis Irrigation Area

Nai-Xu ZHANG1,2,Cai ZHAO2,Liang-Xia ZHAO2,Li-Juan CAI2,Yi-Fan WANG2,Qiang CHAI2,*()   

  1. 1 College of Resources and Environmental Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
    2 Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science / College of Resources and Environmental Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
  • Received:2017-11-19 Accepted:2018-03-26 Online:2018-06-12 Published:2018-04-16
  • Contact: Qiang CHAI E-mail:chaiq@gsau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the China Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201503125-3);the National Key Technology R&D Program of China(2015BAD22B04-03)

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Abstract:

The agricultural water-saving measures in Northwest oasis irrigation areas are mainly mulching with traditional plastic film. This process is increasingly challenged by lack of water resources and increasing environment pollution from the white plastic film. Therefore, reducing the plastic film use and identifying innovative water-saving technologies need to be carried out urgently. The experiment was conducted to explore the effects of conventional plastic film mulching (CM), plastic film mulching with reduced tillage (RtM) and plastic film re-mulching for two years (RM) under different irrigation levels on water consumption characteristics and water use efficiency (WUE) in the Hexi corridor oasis zone in 2014-2016. Both RM and RtM relative to CM could significantly increase soil water storage before sowing, respectively increasing 41.7 mm and 31.6 mm (15.9% and 12.1%) on average in three years. From corn seeding to early jointing stages (the first 40 days of the plants’ life cycle), under the same irrigation level, the water consumption of RM decreased, compared with that of RtM and CM, but the ground evaporation between plants increased. Also, there was a significant increase for soil evaporation/water consumption (E/ET). On the contrary, from early stage of corn jointing to harvesting stage, RM decreased E/ET by 13.2%, compared with CM, showing that RM is beneficial to reduce the useless water consumption in the later stage of corn production. There was no significant difference on E/ET between RtM and CM. When the water level was the same, the water use efficiency was the best in RtM and no significant difference between RM and CM. Under the same film mulching mode, the WUE of the middle water level irrigated maize was the highest, and there was no significant difference in water consumption, evaporation and E/ET between RM and CM during the whole growth period, indicating that RM is just like CM having the advantage of water saving and increasing efficiency. The research indicate that the biennial mulching shares the same water use outcome with the traditional annual mulching in Hexi oasis irrigation area, which could be adopted in the trial areas to save water and reduce the application of plastic film.

Key words: film mulching, irrigation quota, water consumption, soil evaporation, E/ET, water use efficiency

Table 1

Treatments of this experiment"

处理
Treatment		 说明
Description
传统覆膜
Conventional plastic film mulching, CM		 预备试验收获后深翻耕, 预备试验后第1年播前揭去旧膜, 耙磨覆新膜并播种, 收获后深翻耕, 其后年份播法不变。
Deep plowing after harvest in preliminary test. After the preliminary test, in first year the plastic film was removed, the land was tilled and leveled with mulching before maize sowing, deep plowing after harvest. The method of sowing in subsequent years was unchanged.
少耕覆膜
Plastic film mulching with reduced tillage, RtM		 预备试验收获后免耕, 预备试验后第1年播前揭去旧膜, 旋耕覆新膜, 收获后免耕, 第2年直接在旧膜播种玉米, 收获后免耕。第3年播法同第1年。
No-tillage after harvest in preliminary experiment. The old film was removed before sowing in the first year after the preliminary test, the new film was covered after rotary tillage, and no-tillage was conducted after harvest. In the second year, corn was sown directly on the old film, and no-tillage was conducted after harvest. The sowing method was the same in the third years as in the first years.
一膜两年覆盖
Plastic film re-mulching for two years, RM		 预备试验收获后免耕, 预备试验后第1年直接在旧膜上播种玉米, 收获后免耕。第2年播前揭去旧膜, 旋耕覆新膜, 收获后免耕。第3年播法同第1年。
No-tillage was conducted after harvest in preliminary test, corn was planted directly on old film in the first year after preliminary test. The old film was removed before sowing in the second year, the new film was covered after rotary tillage, and no-tillage was carried out after harvesting. The sowing method was the same in the third years as in the first years.

Table 2

Irrigation regimes (mm)"

处理
Treatment		 苗期
Seeding		 拔节期
Jointing		 大喇叭口期
Big trumpet		 开花期
Flower		 灌浆期
Filling		 灌溉总额
Irrigation quota
低灌水水平 Low irrigation level, I1 90 90 90 90 90 450
中灌水水平 Moderate irrigation level, I2 90 105 105 105 90 495
高灌水水平 High irrigation level, I3 90 120 120 120 90 540

Fig. 1

Soil water storage before sowing maize with different film mulching methods In each growing year, different letters superscripted on the bars indicate significant difference among treatments (P < 0.05). Treatment abbreviations correspond with those given in Table 1."

Table 3

Evapotranspiration of maize at each growth stage under different treatments"

处理
Treatment		 玉米生长阶段 Growth stage of maize (month/day)
4/24-5/13 5/14-6/3 6/4-6/22 6/23-7/12 7/13-8/3 8/4-8/23 8/24-9/13
RMI1 46.3 e 63.9 e 99.4 b 109.3 c 105.3 c 99.5 d 86.5 bc
RtMI1 50.4 d 62.0 e 91.6 c 106.5 c 103.0 c 98.2 e 83.1 c
CMI1 52.8 d 67.3 d 89.2 c 103.1 c 103.5 c 95.7 e 83.6 c
RMI2 51.9 d 74.8 b 103.2 ab 118.3 ab 114.1 ab 110.0 bc 91.3 b
RtMI2 57.5 c 70.6 cd 100.6 b 115.8 ab 118.3 ab 107.8 c 88.9 bd
CMI2 60.7 c 76.5 b 99.4 b 114.5 b 111.0 b 105.6 c 88.2 bc
RMI3 59.5 c 76.4 b 108.5 a 124.0 a 117.1 a 123.7 a 97.1 a
RtMI3 65.2 b 74.1 b 107.8 a 125.9 a 117.8 a 115.0 b 92.8 ab
CMI3 70.1 a 80.2 a 108.6 a 121.0 a 117.7 a 115.5 b 91.9 ab

Fig. 2

Total evapotranspiration of maize under different film mulching patterns and irrigation levels In each growing year, different letters superscripted on the bars indicate significant difference among treatments (P < 0.05). Treatment abbreviations correspond with those given in Table 1 and irrigation levels correspond with those given in Table 2."

Fig. 3

Dynamics of soil evaporation across growing seasons under different mulching and irrigation treatments Treatment abbreviations correspond with those given in Table 1 and irrigation levels correspond with those given in Table 2."

Fig. 4

Total evaporation of maize field under different mulching and irrigation treatments In each growing year, different letters superscripted on the bars indicate significant difference among treatments (P < 0.05). Treatment abbreviations correspond with those given in Table 1 and irrigation levels correspond with those given in Table 2."

Table 4

Water consumption structure (E/ET) of maize under different mulching and irrigation treatments (%)"

因素及互作
Main factors and interaction		 玉米生长阶段 Growth stage of maize (month/day) 总耗水结构 Total E/ET
4/28-5/19 5/20-6/10 6/11-7/1 7/2-7/22 7/23-8/12 8/13-9/2 9/3-9/22
地膜覆盖方式×灌水量 P×I
RM 低 Low 27.8 a 29.4 d 14.1 d 11.5 c 10.8 d 8.4 d 10.1 d 14.3 a
RtM 低 Low 26.0 b 27.3 f 16.4 ab 12.7 b 12.2 abc 8.7 cd 11.2 c 14.8 cd
CM 低 Low 23.6 e 27.9 ef 14.9 cd 12.6 b 12.7 a 9.4 bc 12.0 c 14.5 a
RM 中 Moderate 25.8 a 31.6 bc 14.8 cd 11.8 c 11.7 bc 8.8 cd 11.5 c 15.4 bc
RtM 中 Moderate 25.4 c 31.3 c 16.5 ab 12.9 b 12.3 abc 9.6 bc 13.1 b 15.9 ab
CM 中 Moderate 24.7 d 28.9 d 15.6 bc 13.7 a 12.3 ab 10.2 ab 13.5 b 15.7 ab
RM 高 High 27.2 a 32.3 ab 15.7 bc 12.2 bc 11.4 cd 8.9 cd 12 .0 c 15.9 ab
RtM 高 High 23.9 e 32.9 a 17.2 a 13.0 ab 12.7 a 10.1 ab 13.9 b 16.6 a
CM 高 High 22.4 f 28.7 de 16.2 b 13.8 a 12.6 a 10.6 a 15.4 a 16.2 ab
地膜覆盖方式 Plastic film mulching (P) ** ** ** ** ** ** ** NS
灌水量 Irrigation level (I) ** ** ** * NS ** ** **
地膜覆盖方式×灌水量 P×I ** ** NS NS NS NS NS NS

Fig. 5

Water use efficiency of maize under different mulching and irrigation treatments In each growing year, different letters superscripted on the bars indicate significant difference among treatments (P < 0.05). Treatment abbreviations correspond with those given in Table 1 and irrigation levels correspond with those given in Table 2."

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