机插种植均匀度对水稻产量构建及品质形成的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.42004

Abstract

Abstract:

Planting uniformity plays a crucial role in determining the yield and quality of rice. This experiment aimed to elucidate the mechanism behind the simultaneous improvement of uniformity, yield, and quality. Three varieties were used in the study: Yongyou 1540 (indica-japonica hybrid rice), Zhehexiang 2 (inbred japonica rice), and Huazheyou 210 (hybrid indica rice). Four treatments with varying planting uniformity were established: T₁ (drill sowing, planting uniformity of 65%-75%), T₂ (broadcast sowing, planting uniformity of 45%-55%), T₃ (manual simulated mechanical rice transplanting, planting uniformity of 100%), and T₄ (manual simulated mechanical rice transplanting, planting uniformity of 50%). The study compared and analyzed the dynamic changes in tiller number, leaf area photosynthetic efficiency, dry matter accumulation and transport, yield formation, and rice quality across different planting uniformity groups. The results showed as follows: (1) Enhanced planting uniformity increased the number of productive tillers by promoting tillering. The average number of tillers at the tillering peak stage was highest in T₃, followed by T₁, T₂, and T₄, with a consistent trend across different varieties. (2) Enhanced planting uniformity led to an increase in population leaf area index, particularly in the highly effective leaf area index of the top three leaves at the heading stage. Additionally, improved uniformity enhanced dry matter accumulation and facilitated its transportation. Dry matter accumulation at maturity followed the order T₃ > T₁ > T₂ > T₄, with consistent trends observed among different varieties. However, there was no significant difference between T₂ and T₄. The effect of uniformity on stem sheath material movement during the filling stage varied among varieties, with no significant differences found between T₁, T₂, and T₄. (3) The number of grains per panicle did not significantly differ under different uniformity treatments. However, high planting uniformity resulted in a more uniform distribution of grains on primary and secondary branches. (4) Increased yield in high uniformity populations was primarily attributed to the effective panicle number, with consistent trends observed among different varieties. The average yield of T₃was 8.16%, 15.41%, and 15.61% higher than that of T₁, T₂, and T₄, respectively. (5) Improving planting uniformity increased the brown rice rate, milled rice rate, head rice rate, and protein content, while decreasing chalkiness and chalky rice rate. These findings indicate that improving planting uniformity can promote tillering, increase leaf area index and dry matter accumulation, enhance effective panicle number, and ultimately improve yield and milled rice rate, as well as rice quality to some extent. The experimental results highlight the potential of precision sowing machines to improve rice yield and quality by enhancing planting uniformity.

Key words: rice, planting uniformity, sowing method, yield, rice quality

TANG Cheng-Han, CHEN Hui-Zhe, YE Tian-Cheng, ZHANG Yu-Ping, XIANG Jing, ZHANG Yi-Kai, WANG Zhi-Gang, WANG Ya-Liang. Effect of planting uniformity with machine on yield construction and quality formation of rice[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(10): 2625-2636.

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品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	叶面积指数Leaf area index (LAI)
品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	分蘖盛期 Peak tillering	孕穗期 Booting	抽穗期 Heading	成熟期 Maturity	抽穗期高效叶面积指数 High effective LAI at heading
甬优1540 YY1540	T₁	1.78±0.04 b	4.09±0.09 b	5.70±0.26 b	2.06±0.06 b	3.08±0.16 b
	T₂	1.53±0.03 c	3.92±0.09 c	5.10±0.17 d	1.83±0.04 d	2.81±0.07 d
	T₃	1.92±0.02 a	4.22±0.07 a	6.34±0.08 a	2.26±0.06 a	3.48±0.04 a
	T₄	1.54±0.04 c	3.92±0.14 c	5.36±0.15 c	1.92±0.06 c	2.93±0.04 c
浙禾香2号 ZHX2	T₁	1.85±0.05 b	3.52±0.08 b	4.64±0.14 b	1.82±0.03 b	2.16±0.03 b
	T₂	1.85±0.05 b	3.41±0.11 c	4.27±0.13 c	1.68±0.06 c	2.05±0.05 c
	T₃	1.94±0.04 a	3.66±0.04 a	5.00±0.05 a	1.96±0.05 a	2.43±0.05 a
	T₄	1.83±0.03 b	3.41±0.09 c	4.24±0.15 c	1.66±0.06 c	2.05±0.05 c
华浙优210 HZY210	T₁	2.19±0.05 b	4.63±0.11 b	6.16±0.17 b	2.06±0.06 b	4.04±0.12 b
	T₂	2.13±0.05 bc	4.44±0.09 c	5.80±0.22 c	1.94±0.09 c	3.87±0.13 c
	T₃	2.28±0.04 a	4.97±0.12 a	6.61±0.12 a	2.21±0.07 a	4.49±0.04 a
	T₄	2.09±0.08 c	4.39±0.12 c	5.61±0.17 c	1.88±0.06 c	3.73±0.12 d
方差分析(F值) ANOVA (F-value)
品种Variety (V)		706.614^**	779.075^**	575.264^**	132.484^**	2870.707^**
处理Treatment (T)		103.281^**	58.765^**	137.564^**	124.599^**	171.571^**
品种 × 处理 V × T		19.875^**	3.934^**	3.750^**	2.826^*	7.097^**

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	地上部干物质总质量Total dry matter for aboveground parts (kg hm^-2)				收获指数 Harvest index (%)
品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	分蘖盛期 Peak tillering	孕穗期 Booting	抽穗期 Heading	成熟期 Maturity	收获指数 Harvest index (%)
甬优1540 YY1540	T₁	1793.90±47.32 b	5210.78±146.78 b	13,270.22±359.86 b	19,433.78±390.65 b	47.41±0.93 b
	T₂	1677.78±58.23 c	4947.33±144.90 c	12,437.48±384.97 c	18,029.85±441.43 d	47.24±1.27 b
	T₃	1952.31±26.24 a	5532.72±98.88 a	14,148.41±243.26 a	20,290.09±429.29 a	50.55±0.55 a
	T₄	1678.32±58.60 c	4877.13±145.35 c	12,656.55±307.68 c	18,661.73±381.18 c	47.20±0.95 b
浙禾香2号 ZHX2	T₁	1934.63±58.15 a	4605.71±107.94 ab	10,088.61±283.67 b	18,096.52±480.97 b	46.28±1.59 a
	T₂	1886.27±52.06 a	4475.56±176.17 bc	10,022.92±142.67 bc	16,574.13±444.60 c	46.72±2.04 a
	T₃	1942.21±35.21 a	4732.78±54.03 a	10,543.10±131.52 a	18,828.34±100.75 a	46.17±1.28 a
	T₄	1895.65±44.60 a	4364.09±107.06 d	9777.92±308.51 c	16,278.11±316.14 c	46.25±1.69 a
华浙优210 HZY210	T₁	2272.71±45.39 a	5231.48±134.20 a	12,117.38±331.51 ab	18,027.45±330.49 b	43.77±1.72 a
	T₂	2308.41±62.50 a	4980.76±124.28 b	11,912.91±323.62 bc	16,712.27±536.09 c	44.46±0.86 a
	T₃	2305.55±45.77 a	5295.08±111.22 a	12,334.68±176.90 a	19,282.16±247.49 a	44.56±0.70 a
	T₄	2294.60±27.47 a	4783.73±178.42 c	11,415.78±344.83 c	16,479.81±432.05 c	44.41±1.29 a
方差分析(F值) ANOVA (F-value)
品种Variety (V)		747.603^**	147.751^**	660.554^**	128.283^**	50.140^**
处理Treatment (T)		20.866^**	53.462^**	46.868^**	152.769^**	3.461^*
品种 × 处理 V × T		12.675^**	2.585^*	6.624^**	3.430^**	3.233^**

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	单茎茎鞘重Weight per stem sheath (g)				表观输出率 Apparent output rate (%)
品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	分蘖盛期 Peak tillering	孕穗期 Booting	抽穗期 Heading	成熟期 Maturity	表观输出率 Apparent output rate (%)
甬优1540 YY1540	T₁	0.269±0.006 b	1.42±0.03 b	4.43±0.11 a	2.99±0.09 a	32.42±0.68 b
	T₂	0.264±0.007 b	1.32±0.03 c	4.19±0.13 b	2.83±0.08 b	32.29±0.74 b
	T₃	0.354±0.005 a	1.57±0.02 a	4.55±0.09 a	2.96±0.05 a	35.20±0.68 a
	T₄	0.264±0.012 b	1.30±0.03 c	4.26±0.13 b	2.87±0.08 b	32.09±0.46 b
浙禾香2号 ZHX2	T₁	0.339±0.007 b	1.18±0.04 a	3.36±0.07 b	2.60±0.06 b	22.66±0.71 a
	T₂	0.337±0.008 b	1.14±0.01 ab	3.28±0.11 b	2.54±0.07 bc	23.25±0.65 a
	T₃	0.354±0.006 a	1.18±0.02 a	3.53±0.03 a	2.71±0.03 a	23.22±0.51 a
	T₄	0.335±0.011 b	1.13±0.03 b	3.25±0.10 b	2.48±0.07 c	22.55±0.29 a
华浙优210 HZY210	T₁	0.323±0.006 b	1.07±0.02 a	2.15±0.05 ab	1.56±0.04 a	27.66±0.43 a
	T₂	0.324±0.011 b	1.02±0.03 b	2.11±0.04 b	1.49±0.04 b	27.96±0.75 a
	T₃	0.341±0.004 a	1.09±0.03 a	2.18±0.03 a	1.57±0.03 a	27.95±0.62 a
	T₄	0.296±0.011 c	0.95±0.02 c	1.95±0.07 c	1.39±0.04 c	27.88±0.55 a
方差分析(F值) ANOVA (F-value)
品种Variety (V)		293.065^**	1195.862^**	3861.795^**	3779.254^**	1663.554^**
处理Treatment (T)		112.909^**	114.860^**	34.734^**	31.927^**	17.262^**
品种 × 处理 V × T		45.445^**	26.272^**	2.459^*	2.957^*	10.408^**

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	一次枝梗 Primary branches			二次枝梗 Secondary branches
品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	枝梗数 No. of branches	着粒数 No. of grains	着粒数的均匀度 Uniformity of grains (%)	枝梗数 No. of branches	着粒数 No. of grains	着粒数的均匀度 Uniformity of grains (%)
甬优1540 YY1540	T₁	21.28±0.42 a	13.51±0.40 a	71.84±1.67 b	54.35±1.52 a	3.25±0.15 a	75.08±2.34 b
	T₂	20.83±0.77 a	13.72±0.58 a	65.91±2.65 d	53.95±0.81 a	3.33±0.13 a	72.85±2.31 b
	T₃	20.82±0.84 a	13.29±0.26 a	76.15±1.35 a	53.19±1.77 a	3.23±0.12 a	79.16±1.24 a
	T₄	21.09±0.37 a	13.60±0.26 a	68.57±2.16 c	53.35±1.79 a	3.30±0.09 a	74.97±2.54 b
浙禾香2号 ZHX2	T₁	15.03±0.22 a	12.19±0.34 a	70.71±1.67 b	31.32±1.03 a	3.04±0.10 a	78.51±2.24 ab
	T₂	15.15±0.72 a	12.35±0.48 a	67.11±2.04 c	31.01±0.69 a	3.02±0.15 a	74.05±2.25 c
	T₃	15.23±0.21 a	12.04±0.32 a	74.06±1.42 a	31.08±0.60 a	2.98±0.04 a	80.83±1.80 a
	T₄	15.24±0.31 a	12.32±0.25 a	68.62±1.92 bc	30.98±1.00 a	3.06±0.16 a	76.29±1.77 bc
华浙优210 HZY210	T₁	13.12±0.36 a	12.16±0.36 a	76.70±1.26 b	31.98±0.63 a	3.15±0.12 a	82.79±1.90 b
	T₂	13.06±0.36 a	12.09±0.41 a	66.65±2.03 d	32.10±1.08 a	3.14±0.09 a	79.78±1.99 c
	T₃	13.29±0.45 a	11.97±0.23 a	81.20±1.17 a	32.15±0.56 a	3.07±0.06 a	86.75±1.64 a
	T₄	12.93±0.38 a	12.22±0.58 a	72.23±1.92 c	32.04±0.79 a	3.16±0.11 a	81.98±0.92 b
方差分析(F值) ANOVA (F-value)
品种Variety (V)		1652.673^**	98.323^**	35.769^**	3199.652^**	28.837^**	89.394^**
处理Treatment (T)		0.219	2.139	111.443^**	0.595	1.642	36.207^**
品种 × 处理 V × T		0.889	0.214	5.231^**	0.475	0.264	0.471

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	有效穗数 No. of productive panicles (×10⁴ hm^-2)	每穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	结实率 Seed-setting rate (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (t hm^-2)
甬优1540 YY1540	T₁	186.40±3.71 b	292.46±6.56 a	82.88±1.68 a	22.80±0.67 a	9.22±0.20 b
	T₂	171.33±2.55 c	292.38±5.66 a	81.35±1.87 a	22.84±0.64 a	8.58±0.28 d
	T₃	202.69±2.55 a	294.41±3.62 a	82.44±2.00 a	23.00±0.73 a	10.18±0.13 a
	T₄	183.22±5.17 b	292.53±5.63 a	81.89±2.90 a	23.08±0.82 a	8.91±0.28 c
浙禾香2号 ZHX2	T₁	239.51±4.29 b	184.73±5.68 a	86.16±1.78 b	23.94±0.22 a	8.33±0.09 b
	T₂	225.35±5.19 c	183.94±5.38 a	83.49±1.27 c	23.96±0.25 a	7.70±0.28 c
	T₃	248.51±3.71 a	184.42±3.65 a	88.50±1.33 a	24.31±0.34 a	8.80±0.21 a
	T₄	218.43±5.63 d	184.22±5.40 a	83.50±1.29 c	24.07±0.36 a	7.57±0.14 c
华浙优210 HZY210	T₁	282.79±6.14 b	161.50±4.74 a	83.26±1.87 ab	24.18±0.17 b	7.89±0.22 b
	T₂	274.24±8.32 bc	160.56±4.91 a	80.76±2.28 c	23.75±0.13 c	7.47±0.20 c
	T₃	292.26±3.91 a	162.03±3.03 a	84.30±1.75 a	24.63±0.27 a	8.50±0.20 a
	T₄	268.82±9.50 c	158.19±3.98 a	81.03±1.92 bc	23.90±0.20 c	7.29±0.23 c
方差分析(F值) ANOVA (F-value)
品种Variety (V)		51.895^**	4858.771^**	22.864^**	50.088^**	296.188^**
处理Treatment (T)		7.130^**	0.519	12.234^**	3.285^*	135.375^**
品种 × 处理 V × T		17.715^**	0.222	1.715	1.122	3.402^**

Effect of planting uniformity with machine on yield construction and quality formation of rice

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品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	糙米率 Brown rice rate (%)	精米率 Milled rice rate (%)	整精米率 Head rice rate (%)	垩白米率 Chalky rice rate (%)	垩白度 Chalkiness degree	直链淀粉含量 Amylose content (%)	蛋白质含量 Protein content (%)
甬优1540 YY1540	T₁	81.26±0.19 b	72.83±0.65 ab	56.44±0.22 b	24.60±0.81 b	6.64±0.41 b	13.52±0.09 a	7.99±0.41 b
	T₂	81.00±0.70 b	72.32±0.47 b	55.93±0.41 c	25.68±1.06 a	7.11±0.11 a	13.53±0.10 a	7.68±0.31 c
	T₃	81.86±0.52 a	73.16±0.37 a	56.90±0.36 a	23.66±0.56 c	6.58±0.38 b	13.60±0.10 a	8.64±0.40 a
	T₄	81.24±0.31 b	72.24±0.45 b	55.63±0.32 c	24.86±0.68 b	6.97±0.33 a	13.54±0.07 a	7.89±0.11 b
浙禾香2号 ZHX2	T₁	80.47±0.57 b	71.40±0.41 b	58.49±0.52 b	22.33±0.72 b	5.53±0.11 b	10.57±0.06 a	9.03±0.13 b
	T₂	80.28±0.54 b	71.32±0.49 b	58.16±0.42 b	22.37±1.06 b	5.80±0.15 a	10.55±0.07 a	8.64±0.33 c
	T₃	81.11±0.38 a	72.74±0.30 a	59.09±0.44 a	22.18±0.98 b	5.17±0.15 c	10.58±0.06 a	9.35±0.20 a
	T₄	79.96±0.56 b	71.23±0.79 b	58.22±0.34 b	23.42±1.10 a	5.91±0.16 a	10.54±0.09 a	8.46±0.33 c
华浙优210 HZY210	T₁	81.53±0.57 b	71.93±0.45 ab	57.46±0.19 b	31.08±2.45 a	7.41±0.26 ab	15.31±0.05 a	9.00±0.22 b
	T₂	81.62±0.50 b	71.53±0.54 ab	57.35±0.48 b	31.48±2.06 a	7.66±0.56 ab	15.37±0.09 a	8.27±0.26 c
	T₃	82.39±0.73 a	72.42±0.51 a	58.53±0.28 a	30.53±1.75 a	7.29±0.13 b	15.34±0.08 a	9.81±0.54 a
	T₄	81.34±0.51 b	71.15±1.42 b	57.59±0.65 b	31.48±1.85 a	7.61±0.52 a	15.28±0.05 a	8.75±0.16 c
方差分析(F值) ANOVA (F-value)
品种Variety (V)		37.499^**	36.420^**	195.248^**	496.794^**	450.591^**	23213.382^**	62.459^**
处理Treatment (T)		8.503^**	11.513^**	25.718^**	6.196^**	22.479^**	1.696	38.860^**
品种 × 处理 V × T		1.029	0.525	1.554	0.719	1.219	0.668	3.900^**

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