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作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (12): 3281-3291.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.54044

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

滴灌条件下水肥调控对马铃薯产量品质和水肥利用率的影响

李保成1,3(), 韩云飞1,3, 张乐1,3, 杜二小1,3, 伞薪潼1,3, 刘新雨1,3, 任永峰1,3,*(), 张德健2, 李娟2, 张海峰4   

  1. 1内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院, 内蒙古呼和浩特 010031
    2内蒙古大学生命科学学院, 内蒙古呼和浩特 010070
    3内蒙古旱作农业重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特 010031
    4内蒙古包头市九原区水务局, 内蒙古包头 014060
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-07 接受日期:2025-09-10 出版日期:2025-12-12 网络出版日期:2025-09-24
  • 通讯作者: *任永峰, E-mail: renyongfeng_1984@163.com
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 2531171640@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD901104);内蒙古农牧业科技创新基金项目(2022CXJJN10)

Effects of water and fertilizer management on potato yield, quality, and resource use efficiency under drip irrigation

LI Bao-Cheng1,3(), HAN Yun-Fei1,3, ZHANG Le1,3, DU Er-Xiao1,3, SAN Xin-Tong1,3, LIU Xin-Yu1,3, REN Yong-Feng1,3,*(), ZHANG De-Jian2, LI Juan2, ZHANG Hai-Feng4   

  1. 1Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, Inner Mongolia, China
    2College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, Inner Mongolia, China
    3Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dry Farming Agriculture, Hohhot 010031, Inner Mongolia, China
    4Jiuyuan District Water Bureau of Baotou City, Baotou 014060, Inner Mongolia, China
  • Received:2025-04-07 Accepted:2025-09-10 Published:2025-12-12 Published online:2025-09-24
  • Contact: *E-mail: renyongfeng_1984@163.com
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program(2021YFD901104);Inner Mongolia Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science and Technology Innovation Fund(2022CXJJN10)

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摘要： 针对阴山北麓地区因水肥配置不合理导致马铃薯的产量、品质和水肥利用率降低的问题, 研究不同水肥供应对马铃薯产量、品质和水肥利用率的影响, 为区域马铃薯高产优质和水肥管理优化提供理论依据。本试验于2022—2023年在呼和浩特市武川县开展, 参试马铃薯品种为大丰10号, 试验采用裂区设计, 以3个灌溉水平(W1: 1800 m3 hm-2; W2: 1440 m3 hm-2; W3: 1080 m3 hm-2)作主区, 3个施肥水平(F1: N-P2O5-K2O=300-240-300 kg hm-2; F2: N-P2O5-K2O=240-192-240 kg hm-2; F3: N-P2O5-K2O=180-144-180 kg hm-2)作裂区, 分析马铃薯产量、品质和水肥利用率对不同水肥配置的响应差异。结果表明, 适当地减少水肥供应可提高马铃薯产量, 改善块茎品质和促进块茎对水肥资源高效利用, 其中W2F2处理下马铃薯产量、商品薯率、淀粉含量、维生素C含量、粗蛋白含量和水分利用率最优, 与常规灌水施肥处理W1F1相比, 分别提高9.07%~10.79%、1.22%~4.08%、4.39%~4.86%、3.28%~8.87%、1.78%~11.92%和3.47%~5.84%; W3F1处理下还原糖含量最高, 较W1F1处理高18.18%~19.05%; W2F3处理下肥料偏生产力最高, 较W1F1处理高47.46%~47.60%。采用主成分分析对不同处理进行综合评价发现, W2F2处理的得分最高, 2022年和2023年得分分别为3.002和3.481。为进一步明确最适的灌水量和施肥量, 以综合评价值为因变量, 灌水量和施肥量为自变量, 建立回归方程。当评价值最优时, 灌水量为1518.15 m3 hm-2~1533.93 m3 hm-2, 施肥量为(N-P2O5-K2O) 262.52-210.02-262.52 kg hm-2~274.63-219.71-274.63 kg hm-2, 表明在阴山北麓地区, 采用该水肥管理模式不但有利于促进马铃薯产量、品质和水肥利用率协同提升, 还可节水14.83%~15.66%、减肥8.57%~12.49%。

关键词: 水肥调控, 马铃薯, 产量, 品质, 水肥利用率

Abstract:

To address the challenges of reduced potato yield, quality, and water-fertilizer use efficiency caused by suboptimal resource allocation at the northern foot of the Yinshan Mountains, this study examined the effects of various water and fertilizer supply levels on potato yield, tuber quality, and resource use efficiency. The goal was to provide a theoretical foundation for optimizing regional potato production systems to achieve high yield and quality while improving water and fertilizer management. Field experiments were conducted in Wuchuan county, Hohhot, from 2022 to 2023 using the potato cultivar Dafeng 10. A split-plot design was employed, with three irrigation levels (W1: 1800 m3 hm-2, W2: 1440 m3 hm-2, W3: 1080 m3 hm-2) as the main plots and three fertilization levels (F1: N-P2O5-K2O = 300-240-300 kg hm-2, F2: N-P2O5-K2O = 240-192-240 kg hm-2, F3: N-P2O5-K2O = 180-144-180 kg hm-2) as the subplots. Analysis of treatment responses revealed that moderate reductions in water and fertilizer inputs significantly enhanced tuber yield, improved tuber quality, and promoted more efficient use of water and nutrients. Specifically, the W2F2 treatment produced the best outcomes for yield, marketable tuber ratio, starch content, vitamin C, crude protein, and water use efficiency (WUE), with increases of 9.07%-10.79%, 1.22%-4.08%, 4.39%-4.86%, 3.28%-8.87%, 1.78%-11.92%, and 3.47%-5.84%, respectively, compared to the conventional treatment (W1F1). In contrast, the highest reducing sugar content was observed under the W3F1 treatment, which was 18.18%-19.05% higher than that under W1F1. The highest partial factor productivity of fertilizer (PFP) was achieved with the W2F3 treatment, representing a 47.46%-47.60% improvement over W1F1. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used for comprehensive evaluation, and the W2F2 treatment achieved the highest PCA scores: 3.002 in 2022 and 3.481 in 2023. To further identify optimal irrigation and fertilization levels, a regression model was established using the comprehensive evaluation score as the dependent variable, and irrigation and fertilizer inputs as independent variables. In conclusion, under the conditions of the northern foot of the Yinshan Mountains, an integrated water and fertilizer management strategy using 1518.15-1533.93 m3 hm-2 of irrigation and 262.52-210.02-262.52 to 274.63-219.71-274.63 kg hm-2 of fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O) can synergistically improve potato yield, tuber quality, and resource use efficiency. Moreover, this strategy achieves water savings of 14.83%-15.66% and fertilizer reductions of 8.57%-12.49%.

Key words: water and fertilizer regulation, potato, yield, quality, water and fertilizer use efficiency

图1

马铃薯生育期间降雨量及气温"

表1

不同水肥处理下马铃薯产量"

年份
Year		 灌溉水平
Irrigation level		 施肥水平
Fertilizer level		 产量
Yield (kg hm-2)		 商品薯率
Commodity potato rate (%)
2022 W1 F1 43,791.67±630.07 c 82.58±2.69 b
F2 41,291.67±935.41 d 82.03±0.60 b
F3 37,060.18±712.75 f 80.61±1.74 bc
W2 F1 45,990.74±492.00 b 83.53±1.12 ab
F2 47,763.44±207.87 a 85.95±0.67 a
F3 39,898.14±463.47 e 81.51±1.15 b
W3 F1 36,281.48±675.22 f 82.06±0.90 b
F2 36,460.18±383.78 f 77.86±0.67 c
F3 34,972.22±553.12 g 78.18±1.79 c
2023 W1 F1 41,083.33±592.08 b 75.30±4.57 ab
F2 37,900.00±668.33 c 74.82±3.95 ab
F3 33,116.67±787.75 e 70.23±4.14 ab
W2 F1 42,416.67±532.81 b 75.56±2.39 ab
F2 45,516.67±487.05 a 76.22±2.25 a
F3 36,383.33±931.25 d 70.88±0.95 ab
W3 F1 33,933.33±572.03 e 72.31±2.20 ab
F2 34,316.67±594.89 e 69.38±2.83 b
F3 33,650.00±696.42 e 69.77±1.53 b
变异来源 Source of variation
年份 Year 2.803 87.533**
灌溉水平Irrigation level 134.344** 2.345
施肥水平 Fertilizer level 57.098** 1.688
灌溉水平×施肥水平Irrigation level × fertilizer level 13.769** 0.277

表2

不同水肥处理下马铃薯品质"

年份
Year		 灌溉水平
Irrigation level		 施肥水平
Fertilizer level		 淀粉含量
Starch content
(%)		 维生素C含量
VC content
(mg 100g-1)		 还原糖含量
Reducing sugar
content (%)		 粗蛋白含量
Crude protein content
(mg g-1)
2022 W1 F1 18.32±0.15 b 20.40±0.16 b 0.22±0.01 b 20.73±0.14 c
F2 17.97±0.11 c 19.74±0.20 c 0.20±0.01 c 19.63±0.01 e
F3 16.82±0.28 e 19.03±0.06 d 0.16±0.01 d 19.29±0.12 f
W2 F1 19.00±0.12 a 20.87±0.19 a 0.26±0.02 a 21.36±0.26 b
F2 19.21±0.20 a 21.07±0.17 a 0.21±0.02 b 23.20±0.16 a
F3 18.41±0.15 b 19.89±0.15 c 0.19±0.01 c 20.37±0.14 d
W3 F1 16.34±0.09 f 18.20±0.17 f 0.26±0.01 a 18.69±0.17 g
F2 17.14±0.08 d 18.59±0.14 e 0.25±0.01 a 19.32±0.09 f
F3 16.23±0.05 f 17.62±0.08 g 0.24±0.02 ab 17.93±0.24 h
2023 W1 F1 18.00±0.34 b 22.44±0.18 c 0.21±0.01 cd 20.27±0.17 b
F2 17.15±0.15 d 21.33±0.13 d 0.20±0.01 d 19.47±0.34 c
F3 16.23±0.33 e 20.74±0.09 e 0.20±0.01 d 18.83±0.19 d
W2 F1 18.41±0.26 ab 23.25±0.17 b 0.23±0.01 b 18.81±0.17 d
F2 18.79±0.15 a 24.43±0.13 a 0.22±0.01 bc 20.63±0.07 a
F3 17.52±0.15 c 22.50±0.08 c 0.21±0.01 cd 18.03±0.32 a
W3 F1 15.78±0.18 f 17.45±0.15 g 0.25±0.01 a 17.85±0.19 f
F2 16.53±0.18 e 18.29±0.20 f 0.24±0.01 ab 18.47±0.12 e
F3 16.19±0.11 e 17.72±0.17 h 0.21±0.01 cd 16.22±0.09 g
变异来源 Source of variation
年份 Year 3.413 11.677 0.703 11.926
灌溉水平Irrigation level 146.696** 52.314** 14.844** 18.774**
施肥水平 Fertilizer level 28.146** 6.075* 1.591** 2.979**
灌溉水平×施肥水平 9.086** 0.846 1.233 1.390
Irrigation level × fertilizer level

图2

不同水肥模式下马铃薯水分利用率 处理同表1。WUE: 水分利用效率。不同小写字母表示不同处理在0.05水平具有显著性差异。**表示在0.01水平差异显著; ns表示差异不显著。"

图3

不同水肥模式下马铃薯肥料偏生产力 处理同表1。PFP: 肥料偏生产力。不同小写字母表示不同处理在0.05水平具有显著性差异, **表示在0.01水平差异显著。"

表3

不同水肥模式下马铃薯综合评价值"

年份
Year		 灌溉水平
Irrigation level		 施肥水平
Fertilizer level		 主成分1
PC1		 主成分2
PC2		 综合得分
Integrate score		 排序
Sort
2022 W1 F1 2.542 0.488 1.877 3
F2 1.436 1.020 1.301 5
F3 0.846 1.596 1.088 6
W2 F1 3.135 -0.153 2.071 2
F2 4.314 0.258 3.002 1
F3 1.848 1.541 1.748 4
W3 F1 0.129 0.742 0.327 8
F2 -0.041 1.482 0.452 7
F3 -0.179 0.620 0.079 9
2023 W1 F1 3.183 1.126 2.560 3
F2 2.514 0.490 1.902 4
F3 1.017 -0.591 0.530 8
W2 F1 3.967 0.511 2.921 2
F2 4.894 0.226 3.481 1
F3 2.452 -0.680 1.504 5
W3 F1 0.605 1.103 0.756 7
F2 0.790 0.774 0.785 6
F3 0.457 -0.073 0.296 9

图4

综合评价值对水肥供应的响应"

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