The field experiment was carried out using 34 medium-maturing medium japonica rice varieties grown in Huaibei area with seven nitrogen application levels (0, 150.0, 187.5, 225.0, 262.5, 300.0, and 337.5 kg ha-1) to investigate their yield and nitrogen absorption and utilization. We defined the highest rice yields under different nitrogen levels as the highest population productivity of N fertilization. According to the highest population productivity of N fertilization, rice varieties were classified into four types including top type (TT), high type (HT), middle type (MT), and low type (LT). Yield components, population photosynthate production and N absorption and utilization of the four types rice varieties were compared. The main results indicated that optimum N levels of tested varieties corresponding to their highest population productivity of N fertilization converged in the range of 225.0-300.0 kg ha-1, while the highest grain yields were significantly different among tested varieties. With increasing productivity level, panicles per unit area increased firstly and decreased then, spikelets per panicle and total spikelet number increased and seed-setting rate declined percentage of productive tillers, leaf area index, photosynthetic potential, ratio of leaf area of productive tillers, ratio of leaf area from flag leaf to 3rd leaf, grain-leaf ratio and total dry matter accumulation increased. The ratio of nitrogen accumulation shown trend of LT > MT > HT > TT from transplanting to jointing stage and TT > HT > MT > LT from jointing to heading stage and from heading to maturity stage. N uptake rate was the fastest in the top type, and the slowest in low type and 36.59%, 34.36%, 51.85% higher in top type than in low type at translating to jointing, jointing to heading and heading to maturity growing stages. N use efficiency and N requirement for 100 kg kernel increased with increasing productivity level. According to the N use efficiency, 34 varieties were divided into low ANRE (apparent nitrogen recovery efficiency), middle ANRE, higher ANRE and high ANRE. Wuyunjing 27, Zhongdao 1, Ningjing 4, and Lianjing 7 belonged to high yield and high ANRE varieties.