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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (11): 2787-2800.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.41013

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of 16,17-dihydro gibberellin A5 on canopy radiation interception and yield of Shumai 133 under different planting density

LIU Yu-Hang1,2(), ZHAO Shu-Hong1,2, ZHU Ting-Ting3,4, LIANG Zhen-Yu3,4, HE Da-Hai3,4, CHEN Jia-Bo3,4, REN Yong5, HUANG Lin1,2, FAN Gao-Qiong1,3,4,*(), WU Bi-Hua1,2,*()   

  1. 1State Key Laboratory for Exploration and Utilization of Crop Genetic Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
    2Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
    3College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-Physiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
    4Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
    5Mianyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Crop Characteristic Resources Creation and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang 621023, Sichuan, China
  • Received:2024-02-29 Accepted:2024-06-20 Online:2024-11-12 Published:2024-07-10
  • Contact: *E-mail: wubihua2017@126.com; E-mail: fangao20056@126.com
  • Supported by:
    Major Science and Technology Project of Sichuan Province(2022ZDZX0014)

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Abstract:

The cultivar “Shumai 133” was used to investigate the effects of a new gibberellin inhibitor, 16,17-dihydro gibberellin A5(2HGA5), on canopy radiation capture and wheat yield under different planting densities in Dayi, Chengdu, from 2021 to 2023. A split-plot experiment was designed with two factors: four planting densities (2.5×106 plants hm-2 (B1), 3×106 plants hm-2 (B2), 3.5×106 plants hm-2 (B3) and 4×106 plants hm-2 (B4) and chemical regulator treatments (water control (CK0), 200 mg L-1 paclobutrazol and mepiquat chloride mixture (CK1), 100 mg L-1 2HGA5(C2), and 200 mg L-1 2HGA5(C3)). The results showed that increasing planting density deteriorated the light environment of the wheat canopy. From B1 to B4, leaf area index (LAI) and the upper interception of photosynthetically active radiation (IPAR) of flag leaves increased by 16.7%-61.0% and 10.3%-17.9%, respectively. Conversely, the leaf area, leaf angle, chlorophyll content, lower IPAR, and net photosynthetic rate(Pn) of flag leaves decreased by 8.5%-16.8%, 3.5%-11.2%, 1.6%-6.1%, 4.2%-12.0%, and 2.2%-7.3%, respectively. 2HGA5 significantly improved wheat canopy structure. Under C3 treatment, compared with CK0, flag leaf area, leaf angle, and upper IPAR were significantly reduced by 18.5%, 17.0%, and 19.1%, respectively, while chlorophyll content, LAI, lower IPAR, PAR conversion efficiency (PCE), and PAR use efficiency (PUE) increased significantly by 18.7%, 21.6%, 62.2%, 23.1%, and 26.6%, respectively. 2HGA5 also significantly increased the proportion of dry matter in grains and the accumulation of dry matter post-flowering. Under C3 treatment, these traits increased by 36.4% and 13.3%, respectively, compared to CK0. Effective spikes increased significantly by 23.7% from B1 to B4, although kernels per spike and 1000-grain weight decreased. Grain yield further increased after 2HGA5 was applied. Compared to CK0, effective spikes, kernels per spike, harvest index, and grain yield under C3 treatment increased by 4.4%, 12.4%, 10.3%, and 8.5%, respectively. In conclusion, 2HGA5 significantly improved the light environment of the wheat canopy under high planting density, enhancing traits such as IPAR, PUE, and post-anthesis dry matter accumulation, which resulted in increased grain yield. The highest yield was achieved with the treatment of 3×106 plants hm-2 combined with 200 mg L-1 2HGA5.

Key words: wheat, 16,17-dihydro gibberellin A5, planting density, canopy structure, canopy radiation interception, yield

Table 1

Physical and chemical properties of the 0-20 cm soils"

年份
Year		 有机质
Organic matter
(g kg-1)		 全氮
Total N
(g kg-1)		 速效磷
Available P
(g kg-1)		 速效钾
Available K
(g kg-1)		 碱解氮
Available N
(g kg-1)		 pH
2021-2022 24.05 2.01 1.67 16.39 15.70 5.95
2022-2023 23.23 3.24 1.75 16.73 16.36 6.02

Fig. 1

Average temperature and rainfall during the wheat growing season in 2021-2023"

Fig. 2

Effects of 2HGA5 on canopy-related traits of wheat under different planting density B1, B2, B3, and B4 represent planting density at four levels of 2.5×106, 3.0×106, 3.5×106, and 4.0×106 plants hm-2, respectively. CK0, CK1, C2, and C3 represent four treatments including clear water control, 200 mg L-1 paclobutrazol and mepiquat chloride mixture control, 100 mg L-1 2HGA5, and 200 mg L-1 2HGA5, respectively. Different lowercase letters of each density indicate significant differences at the 0.05 probability level. *: P < 0.05; **: P < 0.01; ns: no significant difference."

Fig. 3

Effects of 2HGA5 on chlorophyll content of wheat under different planting density JT: jointing; BT: booting; AT: anthesis; GF30: grain filling 30 d. B1, B2, B3, and B4 represent planting density at four levels of 2.5×106, 3.0×106, 3.5×106, and 4.0×106 plants hm-2, respectively. CK0, CK1, C2, and C3 represent four treatments including clear water control, 200 mg L-1 paclobutrazol and mepiquat chloride mixture control, 100 mg L-1 2HGA5, and 200 mg L-1 2HGA5, respectively. Different lowercase letters of each density indicate significant difference at the 0.05 probability level."

Fig. 4

Effects of 2HGA5 on LAI of wheat under different planting density JT: jointing; BT: booting; AT: anthesis; GF30: grain filling 30 d. B1, B2, B3, and B4 represent planting density at four levels of 2.5×106, 3.0×106, 3.5×106, and 4.0×106 plants hm-2, respectively. CK0, CK1, C2, and C3 represent four treatments including clear water control, 200 mg L-1 paclobutrazol and mepiquat chloride mixture control, 100 mg L-1 2HGA5, and 200 mg L-1 2HGA5, respectively. Different lowercase letters of each density indicate significant difference at the 0.05 probability level."

Fig. 5

Effect of 2HGA5 on IPAR of wheat under different planting density B1, B2, B3, and B4 represent planting density at four levels of 2.5×106, 3.0×106, 3.5×106, and 4.0×106 plants hm-2, respectively. CK0, CK1, C2, and C3 represent four treatments including clear water control, 200 mg L-1 paclobutrazol and mepiquat chloride mixture control, 100 mg L-1 2HGA5, and 200 mg L-1 2HGA5, respectively. Different lowercase letters of each density indicate significant difference at the 0.05 probability level."

Table 2

Effects of 2HGA5 on PCE and PUE of wheat under different planting density"

密度
Density		 化控剂
Chemical regulator		 孕穗-开花BT-AT 开花-灌浆30 d AT-GF30 灌浆30 d-成熟 GF30-MT
PCE PUE PCE PUE PCE PUE
B1 CK0 2.5±2.3 d 2.3±0.2 c 2.4±0.2 d 2.0±0.2 d 1.6±0.6 b 1.2±0.4 c
CK1 3.5±0.8 a 3.2±0.8 a 3.3±0.1 a 2.8±1.0 a 1.8±1.0 a 1.4±0.9 a
C2 2.9±1.8 c 2.7±0.2 b 2.8±0.7 c 2.4±0.6 c 1.6±0.3 b 1.3±0.1 b
C3 3.2±1.8 b 3.1±0.2 a 3.1±1.0 b 2.6±0.3 b 1.7±0.6 a 1.4±0.4 a
B2 CK0 2.6±0.7 b 2.5±0.6 b 2.6±0.7 b 2.2±0.6 b 1.7±0.8 c 1.3±0.7 c
CK1 3.6±2.1 a 3.4±0.2 a 3.0±0.8 a 2.7±0.7 a 2.0±0.5 a 1.6±0.3 ab
C2 2.7±0.3 b 2.6±0 b 2.5±0.9 b 2.3±1.0 b 1.9±0.6 b 1.6±0.5 b
C3 3.4±1.3 a 3.3±0.1 a 2.8±0.5 a 2.7±0.3 a 2.0±0.5 ab 1.7±0.4 a
B3 CK0 3.1±0.3 b 2.9±0.6 b 2.6±0.9 c 2.3±0.4 c 1.7±0.4 c 1.5±0.3 c
CK1 3.1±1.5 b 3.0±0.1 b 2.6±0.6 bc 2.4±0.3 bc 1.7±0.4 c 1.5±0.4 c
C2 3.0±0.7 b 2.9±0.7 b 2.8±1.0 ab 2.6±1.2 ab 1.9±0.1 b 1.7±0.1 b
C3 3.6±0.8 a 3.5±0.9 a 2.9±0.8 a 2.7±0.8 a 2.1±0.5 a 2.0±0.5 a
B4 CK0 3.2±0.7 b 3.1±0.5 b 2.4±0.8 b 2.3±0.6 b 1.6±0.6 c 1.5±0.4 d
CK1 3.1±1.3 b 3.0±0.1 b 2.5±0.1 b 2.3±0.9 b 1.7±0.5 bc 1.6±0.4 c
C2 3.2±2.8 b 3.1±0.3 b 2.7±0.2 a 2.6±0.1 a 1.8±0.6 b 1.7±0.6 b
C3 3.7±0.7 a 3.6±0.6 a 2.8±0.2 a 2.7±0.3 a 2.0±0.3 a 1.9±0.3 a
F 值 B 5.1* 11.4** 25.0** 0.7ns 23.9** 73.6**
F-value C 38.2** 44.7** 21.6** 41.3** 36.8** 78.3**
B×C 7.1** 6.9** 6.4** 8.2** 7.1** 7.9**

Fig. 6

Effects of 2HGA5 on net photosynthetic rate of wheat under different planting density B1, B2, B3, and B4 represent planting density at four levels of 2.5×106, 3.0×106, 3.5×106, and 4.0×106 plants hm-2, respectively. CK0, CK1, C2, and C3 represent four treatments including clear water control, 200 mg L-1 paclobutrazol and mepiquat chloride mixture control, 100 mg L-1 2HGA5, and 200 mg L-1 2HGA5, respectively. Different lowercase letters of each density indicate significant difference at the 0.05 probability level. *: P < 0.05; **: P < 0.01; ns: no significant difference."

Fig. 7

Effect of 2HGA5 on dry matter distribution of wheat under different planting density B1, B2, B3, and B4 represent planting density at four levels of 2.5×106, 3.0×106, 3.5×106, and 4.0×106 plants hm-2, respectively. CK0, CK1, C2, and C3 represent four treatments including clear water control, 200 mg L-1 paclobutrazol and mepiquat chloride mixture control, 100 mg L-1 2HGA5, and 200 mg L-1 2HGA5, respectively. Different lowercase letters of each density indicate significant difference at the 0.05 probability level."

Table 3

Effects of 2HGA5 on dry matter accumulation and transport of wheat under different planting density"

密度Density 化控剂
Chemical regulator		 2021-2022 2022-2023
花前干物质转运量DBFT(kg hm-2) 对籽粒的贡献率CRDBA(%) 花后干物质积累量DAPA(kg hm-2) 对籽粒的贡献率CRDPA(%) 花前干物质转运量DBFT(kg hm-2) 对籽粒的贡献率CRDBA(%) 花后干物质积累量
DAPA(kg hm-2)		 对籽粒的贡献率CRDPA(%)
B1 CK0 2768±99 a 35.9±0.7 a 4932±56 c 64.1±0.7 b 2906±59 a 38.6±0.9 a 4618±82 b 61.4±0.9 b
CK1 2838±57 a 34.7±0.3 a 5342±64 a 65.3±0.3 b 2731±275 a 34.7±3.3 b 5126±237 a 65.3±3.3 a
C2 2829±58 a 35.7±0.3 a 5101±73 b 64.3±0.3 b 2974±252 a 37.6±2.2 ab 4928±182 a 62.4±2.2 ab
C3 2728±122 a 32.9±1.5 b 5362±170 a 67.1±1.5 a 2973±360 a 36.6±4.3 ab 5138±348 a 63.4±4.3 ab
B2 CK0 3487±234 a 40.4±1.9 a 5128±82 c 59.6±1.9 b 3014±124 a 37.3±1.2 a 5065±54 b 62.7±1.2 a
CK1 3330±157 a 37.4±1.3 b 5575±42 b 62.6±1.3 a 2901±266 a 34.3±2.8 a 5550±164 a 65.7±2.8 a
C2 3367±49 a 37.8±0.2 b 5553±68 b 62.3±0.2 a 3125±116 a 36.6±1.3 a 5424±100 a 63.4±1.3 a
C3 3342±298 a 36.5±2.2 b 5808±43 a 63.5±2.2 a 3061±161 a 35.2±1.8 a 5633±155 a 64.8±1.8 a
B3 CK0 2822±18 a 34.8±0.1 a 5285±49 d 65.2±0.1 c 2743±144 a 34.2±1.6 a 5273±124 c 65.8±1.6 b
CK1 2857±139 a 34.2±1.4 a 5497±62 c 65.8±1.4 c 2749±379 a 32.9±3.9 ab 5583±234 bc 67.1±3.9 ab
C2 2727±169 ab 32.0±1.8 b 5793±127 b 68.0±1.8 b 2677±114 a 31.5±1.2 ab 5832±87 ab 68.5±1.2 ab
C3 2488±46 b 29.4±0.6 c 5967±67 a 70.6±0.6 a 2371±180 a 28.1±2.2 b 6062±193 a 71.9±2.2 a
B4 CK0 2365±88 a 31.7±0.7 ab 5097±16 c 68.3±0.7 c 2713±88 a 35.1±0.9 a 5009±50 c 64.9±0.9 b
CK1 2498±91 a 33.0±0.7 a 5068±40 c 67.0±0.7 bc 2741±130 a 34.4±1.4 ab 5230±77 bc 65.6±1.4 ab
C2 2375±139 a 29.8±1.0 b 5601±90 b 70.3±1.0 b 2494±370 a 31.3±4.9 ab 5485±479 ab 68.7±4.9 ab
C3 2288±29 a 27.5±0.1 c 6041±114 a 72.5±0.1 a 2349±111 a 28.8±1.4 b 5794±126 a 71.2±1.4 a
F值 B 50.3** 38.0** 51.0** 38.0** 11.7** 18.6** 42.9** 18.6**
F-value C 1.6ns 21.8** 94.8** 21.8** 0.7ns 3.1* 12.6** 3.1*
B×C 0.75ns 2.5* 10.1** 2.5* 0.9ns 0.8ns 1.7ns 0.9ns

Table 4

Effects of 2HGA5 on average yield and yield components of wheat under different planting density over two years"

密度
Density		 化控剂
Chemical
regulator		 有效穗数
Effective spike number (×104 hm-2)		 穗粒数
Grain number per spike (g)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 收获指数
Harvest index		 产量
Grain yield
(kg hm-2)
B1 CK0 336±5 h 46.4±0.3 bcde 49.5±0.5 a 0.38±0.01 fg 7612±70 i
CK1 351±5 g 48.5±0.5 ab 49.1±0.4 abc 0.40±0 bcde 8019±78 g
C2 349±7 g 48.5±0.8 ab 49.3±0.5 a 0.41±0.01 bc 7916±215 gh
C3 350±3 g 47.7±0.6 abc 47.8±0.5 cdef 0.42±0 ab 8050±57 fg
B2 CK0 373±5 f 46.3±0.6 cde 49.2±1.1 ab 0.38±0 fg 8347±116 de
CK1 397±1 e 47.8±0.7 abc 47.9±0.2 bcde 0.41±0.01 bcd 8678±106 bc
C2 399±3 de 47.0±0.5 bcd 47.0±0.1 ef 0.41±0.01 abc 8735±67 ab
C3 392±6 e 49.4±0.6 a 46.9±0.4 efg 0.43±0.02 a 8922±143 a
B3 CK0 410±6 cd 44.8±1.4 efg 48.6±0.3 abcd 0.37±0.01 g 8061±56 fg
CK1 430±5 a 46.6±1.0 bcde 47.4±1.0 def 0.39±0 defg 8343±74 de
C2 427±3 ab 45.2±1.0 def 47.8±0.1 cdef 0.39±0 cdefg 8514±36 cd
C3 431±1 a 47.4±0.7 abc 46.5±0.7 fg 0.43±0 a 8444±17 de
B4 CK0 417±4 bc 41.1±1.3 h 47.4±0.2 def 0.38±0 efg 7592±20 i
CK1 417±7 bc 43.0±0.8 g 46.6±1.2 efg 0.40±0 cdef 7769±66 hi
C2 415±8 bc 43.9±1.1 fg 47.1±0 ef 0.40±0 bcdef 7977±157 gh
C3 435±10 a 46.2±1.5 cde 45.7±0.4 g 0.42±0 ab 8236±72 ef
F值 B 232.9** 23.3** 19.7** 2.5ns 117.5**
F-value C 21.7** 23.4** 14.6** 33.7** 39.0**
B×C 3.2* 3.2* 0.9ns 1.2ns 1.8ns

Fig. 8

Correlation analysis of photosynthetic traits with dry matter accumulation and yield Chl: chlorophyll content; LAI: leaf area index; IPAR: interception of PAR; PCE: PAR conversion efficiency; PUE: PAR use efficiency; DAPA: dry matter accumulation of post anthesis. *: P < 0.05; **: P < 0.01; ***: P < 0.001."

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