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Research progress in phytohormone regulation of square and boll shedding in cotton XIE Zhang-Shu, XIE Xue-Fang, TU Xiao-Ju, LIU Ai-Yu, DONG He-Zhong, ZHOU Zhong-Hua Acta Agronomica Sinica    2025, 51 (1): 1-29.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.44122 Abstract （1157）   HTML （85）    PDF（pc） （4249KB）（9220）       Knowledge map    Save Cotton square and boll shedding is a common phenomenon, which can occur as an active adaptive response to adverse environmental stress or as a passive loss due to genetic characteristics, environmental conditions, cultivation practices, and various biotic and abiotic stresses. Square and boll shedding directly impacts cotton yield. However, most existing studies, both domestic and international, primarily focus on preliminary findings from the 1950s and 1960s concerning the influence of ethylene and abscisic acid on cotton shedding. Based on insights from other plant species, it appears that square and boll shedding is closely related to a decline in growth-promoting hormones—such as auxin, gibberellin, and cytokinin—and an increase in growth-inhibiting hormones like ethylene and abscisic acid. These hormones not only regulate metabolic processes within the plant but also coordinate signaling pathways that play a pivotal role in the shedding process. In this paper, we review the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying the formation and functioning of abscission zones, as well as the hormonal responses and regulatory mechanisms involved in the shedding of cotton squares and bolls, and in the shedding of other plant (reproductive) organs in recent years. Our findings reveal a lack of comprehensive research on cotton square and boll shedding, with most studies focusing on the limited effects of a few hormones on cotton reproductive growth, while failing to investigate the deeper mechanisms that lead to shedding. Therefore, future research should prioritize exploring the genetic basis of cotton square and boll shedding, identifying new gene resources for breeding varieties resistant to shedding, and enhancing our understanding of the relationship between shedding and hormone regulation in cotton as a model plant. This will provide a theoretical foundation and technical support for improving cotton yield. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of seed dormancy and germination regulation SONG Song-Quan, TANG Cui-Fang, LEI Hua-Ping, JIANG Xiao-Cheng, WANG Wei-Qing, CHENG Hong-Yan Acta Agronomica Sinica    2024, 50 (1): 1-15.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.34012 Abstract （4344）   HTML （282）    PDF（pc） （3074KB）（5045）       Knowledge map    Save Dormancy enables plant seeds to time germination until environmental conditions become favorable for seedling survival and growth. The dormancy characteristics of seeds are of important ecological adaptive significance and notable agricultural value. Phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA) are the key factors for seed dormancy and germination. Mature seeds in dormancy state contain high levels of ABA and low levels of GA. ABA induces and maintains seed dormancy, while GA antagonizes ABA and promotes seed germination. DELAY OF GERMINATION-1 (DOG1) is a major regulator of seed dormancy and had a synergistic effect with ABA to delay germination. DOG1 enhances ABA signal transduction by combining with PP2C ABA hypersensitive germination (AHG1/AHG3), and inhibits the action of AHG1 to increase ABA sensitivity and impose seed dormancy. Imprinted genes are regulated by epigenetic mechanisms before and after fertilization, and are closely related to the establishment and release of seed dormancy. In recent years, remarkable progress has been made in the regulation of seed dormancy. In the present paper, we reviewed the effects of phytohormones ABA and GA on seed dormancy and germination, the action mechanism regulating seed dormancy by DOG1, and the epigenetic regulation of seed dormancy and germination. In addition, we also propose some scientific issues that need to be further investigated in this field to provide some information for understanding the molecular mechanism of seed dormancy and germination, breeding in anti-preharvest sprouting in crop plants, and promoting the germination of dormant seeds. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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ALGWAS: two-stage Adaptive Lasso-based genome-wide association study YANG Wen-Yu, WU Cheng-Xiu, XIAO Ying-Jie, YAN Jian-Bing Acta Agronomica Sinica    2023, 49 (9): 2321-2330.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.23072 Abstract （1097）   HTML （47）    PDF（pc） （874KB）（5034）       Knowledge map    Save As mainstream methods for genome-wide association analysis, mixed linear model methods have been widely used. However, the existing methods still have the problem of low detection power. In this study, a two-stage Adaptive Lasso-based genome-wide association analysis (ALGWAS) method was proposed. In the first stage, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associated with target traits were screened by Adaptive Lasso, a variable selection method. In the second stage, SNPs selected from the first stage were put into the linear model as the covariates for genome-wide scanning. Compared with fastGWA, GEMMA and EMMAX, the ALGWAS method had the highest detection power and lower false discovery rate (FDR) in the simulation experiments. The above four methods were applied to genome-wide association analysis of Complete-diallel plus Unbalanced Breeding-like Inter-Cross (CUBIC) population of 1341 individuals in maize. ALGWAS method can detect the genes (ZmMADS69, ZmMADS15/31, ZmZCN8, and ZmRAP2.7) related to days to tasseling, the genes (ZmBRD1 and ZmBR2) related to plant height, and the genes (ZmUB2, ZmKRN2, and ZmCLE7) related to yield, while the other three commonly used genome-wide association analysis methods had low detection efficiency. In this study, a non-mixed linear model class of genome-wide association analysis method was proposed, which had higher detection advantage for microeffect polygenes and provided a new way for genetic analysis of complex traits. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Physiological mechanisms in response to waterlogging during seedling stage of Brassica napus L. ZHOU Xiang-Yu, XU Jin-Song, XIE Ling-Li, XU Ben-Bo, ZHANG Xue-Kun Acta Agronomica Sinica    2024, 50 (4): 1015-1029.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.34116 Abstract （1308）   HTML （44）    PDF（pc） （8172KB）（4744）       Knowledge map    Save The Yangtze River basin is the main producing area of rapeseeds in China, which is wet and rainy all the year round, and the rapeseed-rice rotation system is implemented in the producing area, resulting in frequent waterlogging. To explore the effects of waterlogging at seedling stage on phenotypic traits, physiological characteristics, photosynthesis, relative gene transcriptional levels, and the regulation of exogenous hormone inhibitors on rapeseed damage under waterlogging, a pot experiment was conducted, and the strong waterlogging tolerant line YZ12, medium waterlogging tolerant line YZ45, and weak waterlogging tolerant line YZ59 were used as the experimental materials. The results indicated that flooding stress severely inhibited the growth of rapeseed, and root activity could be used as an indicator to measure the impact of flooding stress on rapeseed growth. The observation of root cell ultrastructure showed that flooding stress led to plasmolysis and organelle fragmentation of rape root cells. The organelle of strong and medium waterlogging resistant rape was less damaged, and it could maintain a more normal cell morphology under flooding stress. The relative transcriptional levels of cytoskeletal genes Bnamicrotubule1.A3, Bnatubulin-α2.C3, Bnatubulin-β7.C6, and Bnalamin-like.A2 in rape roots were significantly decreased under flooding stress, which were 0.2-0.5 times that of the control (CK) samples. The relative expressional levels of BnaPDH.C9, BnaLDH.A1, and BnaADH.A7 associated to anaerobic respiration were significantly increased, which was 3-6 times higher than that of CK, and higher expression levels were observed in medium and strong waterlogging tolerant rapeseed seedlings than in weak waterlogging tolerant line YZ59. During waterlogging, the activities of POD and SOD increased first and then decreased, while the activity of CAT and the content of MDA increased. Among them, the enzyme activities of YZ12 line such as POD, SOD, CAT were relatively high, and the increase of MDA was small. The photosynthetic efficiency and chlorophyll content of rapeseed leaves were seriously affected by flooding stress. The chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of rapeseed decreased significantly, and the intercellular CO2 concentration increased significantly, and the change range of the weak waterlogging tolerant line YZ59 was larger than that of the other two lines. Under flooding stress, ET and ABA contents of rapeseed increased significantly. Among the three lines, YZ12 had higher ET content, while YZ59 had higher ABA content. The relative transcriptional levels of ET related genes BnaACO1.C8, BnaERF73.C6 were significantly up-regulated in the strong waterlogging tolerant line YZ12, while the relative transcriptional level of ABA-related gene BnaZEP.A7 was up-regulated in the weak waterlogging tolerant line YZ59. Exogenous application of hormone inhibitors could improve the damage of flooding stress to rapeseed, but the effects of different exogenous hormone inhibitors varied significantly. In conclusion, there were differences in physiological metabolism, photosynthesis, hormone, and gene transcriptional levels in response to flooding stress at seedling stage in B. napus with different waterlogging tolerance. B. napus responsed to flooding stress by regulating the relative transcription levels of genes related to cytoskeleton, anaerobic respiration, hormone metabolism, causing changes in antioxidant enzyme activity, hormone levels, photosynthetic efficiency, root ultrastructure and root vitality. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic relationship analysis and fingerprints construction of faba bean varieties in Qinghai province based on SSR markers ZHENG Dong, ZHOU Xian-Li, TENG Chang-Cai, HOU Wan-Wei, ZHANG Hong-Yan, LIU Yu-Jiao Acta Agronomica Sinica    2025, 51 (1): 79-90.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.44066 Abstract （601）   HTML （14）    PDF（pc） （2262KB）（3978）       Knowledge map    Save To clarify the population structure and relationships among cultivated varieties, advanced lines, and backbone parents of faba bean in Qinghai province, forty-six pairs of SSR primers with high polymorphism, stability, and repeatability were used to analyze the genetic diversity of thirty-six varieties (lines) and construct genetic fingerprints. The results revealed that 262 alleles were detected using the forty-six primer pairs through capillary electrophoresis. The number of polymorphic alleles (Na) per primer ranged from two to fifteen, with an average of 5.696 alleles. The average number of effective alleles per locus was 2.988, ranging from 1.180 to 9.257. The Shannon index ranged from 0.287 to 2.444, with an average of 1.210. The polymorphism information content (PIC) varied from 0.141 to 0.883, with an average of 0.553, indicating rich genetic diversity among the faba bean varieties in Qinghai. Clustering analysis grouped the 36 materials into four subgroups: subgroup I (twenty-four materials), subgroup II (four materials), subgroup III (seven materials), and subgroup IV (one material). Population genetic structure and principal coordinate analyses divided the materials into two subgroups, with subgroup I containing seventeen materials and subgroup II containing nineteen materials. There was some overlap between the subgroups identified by clustering and those identified by population structure analysis, which clarified the genetic relationships and population structure of the main faba bean cultivars in Qinghai province. On this basis, four core primer pairs were selected to construct genetic fingerprints for the thirty-six materials, which were subsequently stored in a two-dimensional code. The fingerprinting of the main faba bean cultivars in Qinghai provides an effective tool for variety identification and offers technical support for parental selection and the protection of new varieties in future faba bean breeding programs in the region. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cloning of TabHLH112-2B gene and development of its functional marker associated with the number of spikelet per spike in wheat FAN Zi-Pei, LI Long, SHI Yu-Gang, SUN Dai-Zhen, LI Chao-Nan, JING Rui-Lian Acta Agronomica Sinica    2024, 50 (2): 403-413.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.31016 Abstract （824）   HTML （36）    PDF（pc） （4989KB）（3695）       Knowledge map    Save The bHLH (basic Helix-Loop-Helix) transcription factor plays an important role in plant growth and development. In this study, wheat gene TabHLH112-2B was cloned, which consists of seven exons and six introns, encoding 444 amino acids, and has a typical HLH conserved domain at 315-364 amino acids. The tissue expression pattern analysis showed that TabHLH112-2B was expressed in all tissues at seedling stage, jointing stage, heading stage, and flowering stages. Among them, the relative expression levels in leaves and roots were higher. The cis-acting element analysis showed that the promoter region of TabHLH112-2B contained a variety of cis-acting elements related to plant hormone responses, stress responses, and meristem development. The qRT-PCR exhibited that the relative expression level of TabHLH112-2B was responsive to plant hormones (such as ABA, IAA, MeJA) and abiotic stresses (such as drought, salt, low and high temperatures). Two SNPs were detected in its promoter region by genomic sequence polymorphism, which were classified into two haplotypes. A molecular marker was developed based on SNP-682, and association analysis showed that the marker was significantly correlated with the number of spikelet per spike in various environments such as drought and high temperature. Hap-2B-2 was a favorable haplotype with more spikelets per spike. These results of this study provide the valuable genetic resources and technical support for molecular marker-assisted breeding of wheat varieties with high yield and wide adaptability. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of AhGA3ox gene family in peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) LI Hai-Fen, LU Qing, LIU Hao, WEN Shi-Jie, WANG Run-Feng, HUANG Lu, CHEN Xiao-Ping, HONG Yan-Bin, LIANG Xuan-Qiang Acta Agronomica Sinica    2024, 50 (4): 932-943.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.34122 Abstract （778）   HTML （31）    PDF（pc） （7691KB）（3675）       Knowledge map    Save Gibberellin 3-beta-dioxygenase (GA3ox) is one of the key enzymes involved in gibberellin biosynthesis, which can regulate plant growth and development by affecting gibberellin formation. There were no systematic studies in peanut genome. In this study, AhGA3ox family genes were identified from the genome database of cultivated peanut species by bioinformatics, and the distribution, structure, evolutionary characteristics, physical and chemical properties, promoter cis-acting elements were also analyzed. The relative expression pattern of AhGA3oxs in different peanut tissues was analyzed by qRT-PCR, and the relative expression level of in shell of two peanut lines with different pod size were also analyzed. The results showed that 7 AhGA3oxs were distributed on 7 chromosomes of peanut, all of which were composed of 1 intron and 2 exons. All the AhGA3ox proteins contained 1 DIOX_N domain and 1 2OG-FeII_Oxy domain. Phylogenetic analysis showed that they were closely related to GA3ox proteins of soybean,. The AhGA3oxs showed obvious tissue expression specificity in root, stem, leaf, flower and peg. The expression levels of AhGA3oxs were not only different in different development stages of the peanut shell, but also different at the same development stage of the two lines. Interestingly, the relative expression levels in large pod lines were significantly higher than those in small pod lines at most development stages. Therefore, we predict that the gene expression of AhGA3ox gene family may promote the formation of large pod. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Transcriptome analysis of tobacco in response to cadmium stress ZHANG Hui, ZHANG Xin-Yu, YUAN Xu, CHEN Wei-Da, YANG Ting Acta Agronomica Sinica    2024, 50 (4): 944-956.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.34141 Abstract （1054）   HTML （46）    PDF（pc） （8588KB）（3648）       Knowledge map    Save With the development of industrialization process in society, the problem of cadmium (Cd) pollution in soil is increasing. However, Nicotiana tabacum has a strong Cd enrichment capacity in leaves, which seriously affects its economic value. To investigate the mechanism by which tobacco responds to Cd stress, tobacco leaves were harvested from the culture solution with Cd concentrations of 0 μmol L-1 and 500 μmol L-1 for subsequent transcriptome sequencing. In this study, a total of 76.94 Gb clean data was obtained, with Q30 base percentage exceeding 95.43%. The results showed that 7735 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened under Cd stress conditions, including 4833 up-regulated genes and 2902 down-regulated genes. The reliability of transcriptome data was verified by qRT-PCR analysis to detect the expression patterns of candidate gene. Gene ontology (GO) annotation as well as Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed on differentially expressed transcripts. GO functional enrichment revealed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly distributed in metabolic processes, response to stimulus, cellular anatomical entity, catalytic activity, and transcription regulator activity. Meanwhile, KEGG analysis showed that the up-regulated differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in biosynthesis of amino acids, carbon metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and citrate cycle. Down-regulated differentially expressed genes were primarily enriched in photosynthesis, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, metabolic pathways, and plant hormone signal transduction. Further analysis of plant hormone signal transduction pathways revealed that there were eight plant hormone pathways involved in response to cadmium stress in tobacco, and the relative expression patterns of different hormone gene member were also different. Experimental results from plant hormone application on tobacco leaves demonstrated that the regulation of gibberellins, brassinosteroids, and jasmonic acid pathways played roles in tobacco’s response to cadmium stress. The experimental results of Arabidopsis hormone signal mutant showed that plants respond to cadmium stress by regulating ethylene, gibberellin, brassinosteroid, and jasmonic acid pathways. In conclusion, this study not only explores the regulatory network of tobacco resistance to Cd stress, but also lays a theoretical foundation for the genetic improvement of crop resistance. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genome wide identification and expression analysis of TaPOD family in wheat JU Ji-Hao, MA Chao, WANG Tian-Ning, WU Yi, DONG Zhong, FANG Mei-E, CHEN Yu-Shu, ZHANG Jun, FU Guo-Zhan Acta Agronomica Sinica    2024, 50 (3): 779-792.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.31045 Abstract （886）   HTML （76）    PDF（pc） （7749KB）（3397）       Knowledge map    Save Peroxidase (POD) family members play the important roles in regulating plant growth, development, and responding to stress. In order to systematically explore the functions and expression patterns of the TaPOD gene family in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), in this study, we identified the members of the TaPOD gene family in wheat using bioinformatics methods, predicted their physical and chemical properties, promoter homeopathic elements, and evolutionary characteristics, and analyzed their expression patterns in different tissues, exogenous hormones, and stress conditions through wheat transcriptome and RT-qPCR. The results showed that 659 members of the TaPOD gene family were identified from wheat, and their protein sequence lengths were 206-518 amino acids; Phylogenetic analysis showed that the members of wheat TaPOD family were divided into I-VII groups with different numbers of each group. Sequence alignment demonstrated that the members of wheat TaPOD family had five conservative motifs, with significant differences in gene structure, indicating diversification in functions. Chromosome localization revealed uneven distribution of its quantity on 21 chromosomes of wheat, with the highest number on chromosome 2B. The intraspecific collinearity analysis, showed that there were 396 repetitive events in wheat TaPOD genes, with high homology and very conservative evolutionary process. It was amplified mainly through fragment replication and tandem replication, and the Ka/Ks ratio showed that only four pairs of family members were subjected to positive natural selection pressure. The analysis of cis-regulatory element showed that there were 23 binding elements related to growth, development, and stress resistance in the upstream 2 kb region. Analysis of gene expression patterns showed that most TaPOD genes were highly expressed in wheat roots, and the relative expression level was closely related to hormone induction and abiotic stress. The above results provide a preliminary theoretical basis for further understanding the functions of TaPOD genes in regulating wheat growth, development, and stress. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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QTL mapping and GWAS analysis of coleoptile length in bread wheat HAO Qian-Lin, YANG Ting-Zhi, LYU Xin-Ru, QIN Hui-Min, WANG Ya-Lin, JIA Chen-Fei, XIA Xian-Chun, MA Wu-Jun, XU Deng-An Acta Agronomica Sinica    2024, 50 (3): 590-602.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.31034 Abstract （1356）   HTML （47）    PDF（pc） （2089KB）（2734）       Knowledge map    Save Under drought conditions, the emergence rate of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) can be improved by proper deep sowing. The maximum sowing depth of wheat is determined by the length of the coleoptile, so it is very important to cultivate wheat varieties with long coleoptile. In this study, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population consisting of 275 lines derived from the cross of Doumai and Shi 4185, and 186 natural population materials were used as the experimental materials. Genotyping results of 90K SNP chip were used to identify QTL for wheat coleoptile length in three different environments. The results showed that two stable QTL sites were identified by inclusive composite interval mapping in the RIL population. The two QTL located on Chromosome 4BS (30.17-40.59 Mb) and 6BL (700.08-703.53 Mb), respectively, and explained 26.29%-28.46% and 4.16%- 4.36% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. A total of 36 stable QTL were identified in the genome-wide association study (GWAS) using the mixed linear model. They were located on Chromosome 1A (3), 1B (3), 1D (2), 2A (1), 3A (2), 3B (2), 4B (11), 5A (1), 5B (3), 6B (4), 7A (2), and 7B (2), respectively. Seven significant association loci were repeatedly detected in the three environments, three of which overlapped or were adjacent to reported loci, and the other four loci were presumed to be new loci. They were located on Chromosomes 1A (499.03 Mb), 3A (73.06 Mb), 4B (648.74-648.87 Mb), and 7A (36.31 Mb), respectively. Five candidate genes (TraesCS1A03G0748300, Rht1, TraesCS4B03G0110000, TraesCS4B03G0112200, and TraesCS7A03G0146600) were predicted. A major QTL locus on Chromosome 4BS (30.17-40.59 Mb) was identified in both RIL and natural populations, and the candidate gene Rht1 at this locus had been shown to reduce the length of wheat coleoptile. The results of this study lay a foundation for the identification of genes controlling the length of coleoptile in wheat and the maker-assisted selection breeding. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of evaluation method for tolerance to high-temperature and screening of heat-tolerant germplasm resources of bud stage in soybean LI Jia-Jia, LONG Qun, ZHU Shang-Shang, SHAN Ya-Jing, WU Mei-Yan, LU Yun, ZHI Xian-Guan, LIAO Wei, CHEN Hao-Ran, ZHAO Zhen-Bang, MIAO Long, GAO Hui-Hui, LI Ying-Hui, WANG Xiao-Bo, QIU Li-Juan Acta Agronomica Sinica    2023, 49 (11): 2863-2875.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.34025 Abstract （1841）   HTML （74）    PDF（pc） （530KB）（2618）       Knowledge map    Save The frequent occurrence of extreme high temperature (HT) events causes continuous heat damage to soybean production, which seriously damages the yield components and quality traits. The seeds are sensitive to the changes of the external environment at germination stage. The rising temperature and the accompanying drought will affect the emergence of soybean seeds. The establishment of a set of scientific evaluation methods for HT tolerance at bud stage can provide a theoretical basis for the early identification of soybean, the breeding of HT tolerance germplasm, and the study of tolerance mechanism. In this study, 385 germplasm resources varieties were selected as the experimental materials, which creating a HT environment by artificial climate incubator and subjected to HT-stress for 3 d (40℃, 16 h light /8 h darkness) at bud stage of soybean. Compared with the control (25℃, 16 h light /8 h darkness), the hypocotyl length of soybean bud stage was significantly decreased 10.9% under HT stress (P < 0.05). The indices of fresh root weight, dry root weight, and root-shoot ratio increased by 13.10%, 22.20%, and 16.90%, respectively (P<0.01). The results showed that HT-stress significantly affected the surface and underground biomass distribution of bud stage in soybean. Meanwhile, the principal component analysis for the coefficient of HT-tolerance for each trait converted 11 indexes into two principal component factors. The comprehensive evaluation value (H-value) of soybean response to HT-stress was obtained by the standardized analysis of membership function, and cluster analysis was conducted for the tested varieties based on H-value. Ultimately, 385 germplasm resources were divided into 5 grades for the HT-tolerance at bud stage in soybean [namely: Grade I (tolerance), Grade II (strong tolerance), Grade III (medium), Grade IV (strong sensitive), and Grade V (sensitive type)] and four HT-resistant varieties based on the specific performance (H245, H070, H268, and H216) were initially selected combined with the actual heat resistance performance. After the stepwise regression analysis of each index, a predictive model for the comprehensive evaluation of HT tolerance (H-value) at bud stage of soybean was established: H = 0.191 + 0.017X1 - 0.007X2 + 0.013X7 + 0.027X8 - 0.009X10 (R2=0.9752). Five indexes main including hypocotyl length (X1), main root length (X2), hypocotyl dry weight (X7), root fresh weight (X8), and simplified vigor index (X10) were screened out as the evaluation indexes for HT tolerance at bud stage in soybean. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Relative expression profiles of genes response to salt stress and constructions of gene co-expression networks in Brassica napus L. YANG Chuang, WANG Ling, QUAN Cheng-Tao, YU Liang-Qian, DAI Cheng, GUO Liang, FU Ting-Dong, MA Chao-Zhi Acta Agronomica Sinica    2024, 50 (1): 237-250.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.34076 Abstract （1295）   HTML （45）    PDF（pc） （9515KB）（2591）       Knowledge map    Save Brassica napus L. is an important oil crop. Salt stress is one of the major environmental conditions affecting the growth and development of B. napus, which may lead to yield reduction, quality deterioration, and even the death of B. napus. In this study, the B. napus semi-winter cultivar ZS11 was used as the experimental material to perform transcriptome sequencing on the leaf and root tissues with salt stress treatment (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h). The measured 90 RNA-seq data provided the high-resolution time dynamic transcriptional expression spectrum of rapeseed tissues responding to salt stress was obtained. Correlation analysis showed that the samples exhibited significant clustering differences in early response and late response before and after 1 h salt stress treatment. Using DESeq2 for differential gene analysis, we identified 20,462 and 29,334 differential genes for the response of root and leaf tissues, respectively, indicating that the overall response of leaf tissue in rapeseed was more severe than the root. Furthermore, WGCNA was used to construct gene co-expression networks for the salt stress response in root and leaf tissues, respectively, and tan and yellow modules were significantly related to the early response to salt stress, and green and red modules were significantly related to the late response to salt stress. GO enrichment analysis was then performed, and 41 and 26 core transcription factors responding to salt stress at the early and late stages, respectively, were selected from these networks. Functional annotation showed that the known Arabidopsis homologous genes involved in salt stress responses at different stages existed in all four modules, and core genes, such as BnWRKY46 and BnWRKY57, had abundant SNPs variation and haplotypes in 505 salt stress-treated rape population variation data, suggesting that these core transcription factors might be key candidate genes for rape salt stress response. This study provides a reliable data reference and candidate gene resources for improving salt tolerance in B. napus. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechanism of cyclanilide enhanced the defoliation efficiency of thidiazuron in cotton by regulating endogenous hormones under low temperature stress SUN Shang-Wen, SHU Hong-Mei, YANG Chang-Qin, ZHANG Guo-Wei, WANG Xiao-Jing, MENG Ya-Li, WANG You-Hua, LIU Rui-Xian Acta Agronomica Sinica    2024, 50 (1): 187-198.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.34046 Abstract （749）   HTML （17）    PDF（pc） （1611KB）（2253）       Knowledge map    Save The technology of cotton leaf removal is an important prerequisite for realizing the mechanical harvesting of cotton, but low temperature affect the efficiency of TDZ-induced leaf abscission, which cannot meet the requirements of mechanized harvesting. In our laboratory, we found that cyclanilide (CYC) could improve the defoliation efficiency of TDZ at low temperature, but the mechanism of CYC promoting chemical defoliation (TDZ) under low temperature is unknown. Therefore, the content of plant hormones and the relative expression level of related genes in the abscission zone of cotton leaves were analyzed using Zhongmian 425 as the experimental material, setting two temperature levels (25℃ and 15℃) and three treatments [water (CK), single TDZ (T), and the compound of TDZ+CYC (TC)]. At 240 h after treatment under low temperature (15℃), the abscission rate of cotton leaves treated by T was only 53.0%, while the start time of cotton leaves abscission treated by TC was 24 h ahead of that treated by T and the abscission rate of cotton leaves treated by TC increased to 79.6%. At low temperature, compared with T, the relative expression level of auxin (IAA) transport genes (LAX2, PIN1), IAA response genes (IAA9, ARF3) and the content of IAA in the abscission zone of cotton leaves treated with TC were reduced significantly; the relative expression level of ethylene (ET) synthesis genes (ACS, ACO), and the content of ET synthesis precursor ACC were increased, the relative expression level of ET downstream signal gene(ERF1B) was up-regulated significantly in the abscission zone treated with TC. The jasmonate acid (JA) synthesis-related gene (AOC4) was up-regulated, and the content of JA was increased in abscission zone treated by TC. The inhibition of the IAA transport and signal transduction and the promotion of ET and JA synthesis and ET signal transduction caused by TC treatment in the abscission zones of cotton leaves could be the key reason that CYC could promote cotton leaves abscission effect of TDZ at low temperature. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Indica-japonica attribute identification and heterosis utilization of diploid rice lines reverted from tetraploid rice SONG Zhao-Jian, FENG Zi-Yi, QU Tian-Ge, LYU Pin-Cang, YANG Xiao-Lu, ZHAN Ming-Yue, ZHANG Xian-Hua, HE Yu-Chi, LIU Yu-Hua, CAI De-Tian Acta Agronomica Sinica    2023, 49 (8): 2039-2050.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.22057 Abstract （818）   HTML （19）    PDF（pc） （424KB）（1977）       Knowledge map    Save In this study, the indica-japonica attribute of eight reverted diploid lines were identified by InDel molecular marker. The hybrid combinations were made between the reverted diploid lines and photoperiod- and thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines Peiai 64S (indica) and Nongken 58S (japonica), respectively. The genetic distance and cluster analysis of the parents and hybrids were carried out, the yield related traits of the hybrids and the male parents were investigated, then the over male parent heterosis and the competitive heterosis of the hybrids were analyzed. In addition, the correlation between parental genetic distance and the heterosis was analyzed to explore the feasibility of using parental genetic distance to predict heterosis. The results showed as follows: (1) The indica gene frequency of the reverted diploid lines ranged from 0.605 to 0.947. All lines had both indica and japonica genetic components, but the proportions of indica and japonica components were different from each other. (2) The genetic distance between the reverted diploid lines and Pei’ai 64S were 0.21-0.42, and that between the reverted diploid lines and Nongken 58S were 0.68-0.95. The materials with the same or similar indica-japonica attribute were clustered together, which clearly showed the genetic relationship between the materials. (3) The heterosis utilization of the reverted diploid lines needed the participation of wide compatibility genes. The hybrid combinations made between Peiai 64S that had wide compatibility gene and the reverted diploid lines had obvious over male parent heterosis and competitive heterosis in the effective panicle number per plant, the total grain number per panicle, and the filled grain number per panicle. In the yield per plant, eight hybrid combinations all showed over male parent heterosis and competitive heterosis, especially the yield per plant of HYP2 was prominent, up to 45.92%. (4) The genetic distance of parents was significantly positively correlated with the total grain number per panicle and the yield per plant of the hybrids, indicating that the InDel genetic distance can be used for predicting heterosis. The study confirmed that the reverted diploid lines from the tetraploid indica-japonica subspecies rice had both indica and japonica genetic components, and contained abundant genetic diversity. Using the reverted diploid lines, the hybrid combinations with super heterosis could be made, which providing a theoretical basis and reference for the utilization of indica-japonica subspecies heterosis through the combination of indica-japonica intermediate lines and photoperiod- and thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines with wide compatibility genes. At the same time, we preliminarily confirmed the feasibility of the pathway “breeding new diploid rice varieties by using polyploid as the vector for creating variation”, which provided a new idea and approach for rice breeding. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of TIFY gene family in potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) QI Jia-Min, XU Chun-Miao, XIAO Bin Acta Agronomica Sinica    2024, 50 (9): 2297-2309.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.34193 Abstract （1085）   HTML （46）    PDF（pc） （1311KB）（1963）       Knowledge map    Save The TIFY family is a gene family of transcription factor unique to plants. It contains conserved TIFY domains (TIF [F/Y]XG), which plays an important role in regulating plant development, responding to abiotic stress, and plant hormones. In this study, a total of 26 members of the StTIFY family at the genome-wide level in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) were identified. Based on phylogenetic characteristics and protein structure, StTIFY was divided into 4 subfamilies, and the JAZ subfamily was divided into 5 subgroups. Tandem duplication and segmental duplication events played a major role in the expansion of the StTIFY gene family. Collinearity analysis showed that there were 21, 5, and 6 orthologous gene pairs between StTIFYs and TIFYs of dicotyledonous plants, which were tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), Arabidopsis, and cabbage (Brassica oleracea). There were only 1 and 2 orthologous gene pairs between StTIFYs and TIFYs of monocotyledonous rice (Oryza sativa) and maize (Zea mays), respectively, which had evolved under purification selection. RNA-seq data analysis showed that TIFY gene and two genes in ZML subfamily were highly expressed in 13 tissues, while the other members exhibited tissue-specificity. Furthermore, we analyzed the response of the StTIFY gene to abiotic stresses and hormone treatments, and found that 19 genes responded to abiotic stress (drought/salt/heat), among which 3 genes and 2 genes simultaneously responded to 3 and 2 abiotic stresses, respectively. Five genes were differentially expressed under BAP, ABA, IAA, and GA3 treatments. The relative expression levels of four candidate genes in drought-tolerant and water-sensitive cultivars under drought stress were further detected using qPCR. The results showed that these four genes were significantly differentially expressed in the two cultivars during flower-falling period. This study provides a theoretical basis for understanding the characteristics of the StTIFY gene family, as well as in-depth analysis of the functions of StTIFY family members response to hormone signals and resistance to abiotic stress. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cloning, expression, and function of HcKAN4 gene of kenaf in flavonoid synthesis WU Fa-Xuan, LI Qin, YANG Xin, LI Xin-Gen, XU Jian-Tang, TAO Ai-Fen, FANG Ping-Ping, QI Jian-Min, ZHANG Li-Wu Acta Agronomica Sinica    2024, 50 (3): 645-655.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.34084 Abstract （699）   HTML （29）    PDF（pc） （4598KB）（1782）       Knowledge map    Save MYB-like transcription factor KAN4 (KANADI4) plays an important role in flavonoid synthesis and fiber development in kenaf. In this study, the variety “Fuhong 952” was used as the experimental material to clone and analyze the relative expression pattern of HcKAN4 genes, and to investigate the effect of TRV-VIGS-induced silencing of HCKAN4 gene on the expression of key enzyme genes in flavonoid synthesis pathway in kenaf, the variety ‘Fuhong 952’ was used as the experimental material. Gene cloning showed that the total length of ORF of HcKAN4 gene was 966 bp, encoding 322 amino acids and containing a conserved domain of MYB. Phylogenetic tree revealed that it was closely related to KAN4s of Arabidopsis and Hibiscus. The relative expression pattern indicated that the gene was expressed in different plant tissues, and the transcription level increased with plant growth in kenaf. VIGS-induced gene silencing revealed that the transcription level of 6 HcKAN4 individuals was significantly down-regulated, indicating gene silencing successfully. Real-time quantitative PCR demonstrated that the relative level of flavonoid synthesis-related genes, HcCHS, HcF3'5'H, HcANS, and HcANR, were significantly down-regulated, which were 0.51, 0.14, 0.23, and 0.11 times of those in the control group, respectively, suggesting that the relative expression level of HcKAN4 gene can regulate the biosynthesis of flavonoid in kenaf. These results provide a basis for clarifying the regulation of flavonoid synthesis by MYB transcription factor and give research ideas for improving fiber quality in kenaf. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification and analysis of BnKNOX gene family in Brassica napus CHEN Wu-Jun, LIU Jiang-Dong, JIANG Kai-Xuan, WANG You-Ping, JIANG Jin-Jin Acta Agronomica Sinica    2023, 49 (11): 2991-3006.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.34027 Abstract （813）   HTML （30）    PDF（pc） （5181KB）（1781）       Knowledge map    Save The plant specific KNOTTED-LIKE HOMEOBOX (KNOX) protein is a transcription factor family that plays an important role in plant growth and development, as well as responses to various stresses. KNOX proteins contain four conserved domains [a three amino acid loop extension (TALE) type homeodomain (HD), ELK domain, and two subdomains (KNOX1 and KNOX2)]. At present, the comprehensive study of BnKNOX genes in Brassica napus has not been reported yet. In this study, 36 BnKNOX family members were identified in B. napus genome via bioinformatic analyses, which were classified into three sub-families (I, II, and M-type) based on sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses. Evolutionary analysis showed that the whole genome duplication (WGD) and segmental duplication were the main driving forces for the expansion of BnKNOX gene family. Based on the RNA-seq data of developing tissues and organs of B. napus, BnKNAT25/26/29/30 were specifically expressed in endosperm and developing seeds, while BnKNAT31/32/34 were highly expressed in mature seeds. We analyzed the cis-acting elements and expression pattern of BnKNOXs under various abiotic stresses, and identified 17 BnKNOX members that might be involved in drought and osmotic stress responses. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of magnesium application rate on yield and quality in oilseed rape ( Brassica napus L.) YE Xiao-Lei, GENG Guo-Tao, XIAO Guo-Bin, LYU Wei-Sheng, REN Tao, LU Zhi-Feng, LU Jian-Wei Acta Agronomica Sinica    2023, 49 (11): 3063-3073.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.34051 Abstract （809）   HTML （23）    PDF（pc） （440KB）（1768）       Knowledge map    Save Magnesium (Mg) deficiency is one of the most serious problems in the main producing area of rapeseed in China. To evaluate the effectiveness of Mg fertilizer on seed yield and quality, field experiments were conducted at Jinxian, Jiangxi province and Anren, Hunan province during the 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 cropping seasons, with five Mg application rates (0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 kg MgO hm-2). Rapeseed yield and its components, seed Mg content, oil content, and fatty acid components were analyzed. The results showed that Mg application increased rapeseed yield by 12.0%-77.1%. Mg application rate for maximal seed yield was 21.4-45.6 kg MgO hm-2. Mg fertilizer increased the number of pods, number of seeds per pod, and 1000-weight by 5.0%-64.7%, 1.8%-19.6%, and 7.1%-8.7%, respectively, which had no significant effect on harvest density. After the application of Mg fertilizer, seed Mg concentration increased by 5.0%-30.3%, and the oil content increased by 0.63%-5.11%, but protein content reduced by 1.45%-2.34%. Seed water and glucosinolate concentration were independent of Mg nutrition. Mg application increased oil yield and protein yield per unit area by 14.4%-83.4% and 9.8%-68.1%, respectively. The amount of Mg fertilizer corresponding to the highest oil production was 30-45 MgO hm-2. As for fatty acid composition, Mg application increased the content of oleic acid and linolenic acid in seeds by 4.4%-16.0% and 3.8%-40.8%, respectively, but decreased the content of linoleic acid by 1.2%-10.1%, which had a non-significant effect on other fatty acid components. In conclusion, Mg application was crucial to the synergistic improvement of yield and quality by improving seed yield and its components (the number of pods per plant, the number of grains per pod, and 1000-grain weight), seed oil content, and the unsaturated fatty acid content. The amount of Mg fertilizer corresponding to the highest yield and oil production was 30-45 MgO hm-2. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Spectral characteristics of winter wheat canopy and estimation of aboveground biomass under elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentration HUANG Hong-Sheng, ZHANG Xin-Yue, JU Hui, HAN Xue Acta Agronomica Sinica    2024, 50 (4): 991-1003.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.31041 Abstract （699）   HTML （14）    PDF（pc） （871KB）（1760）       Knowledge map    Save The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration on the canopy spectral characteristics of winter wheat during the whole growth period and to establish quantitative relationships between above-ground biomass (AGB) and spectral parameters based on the screened sensitive bands. For this purpose, during the winter wheat growing season of 2021-2022, two treatment levels of atmospheric CO2 concentration (ACO2, (420±20) μL L-1) and elevated CO2 concentration (ECO2, (550±20) μL L-1) were set based on the Free Atmospheric CO2 Enrichment System (Mini-FACE), and the changes of spectral features were analyzed under elevated CO2 concentration. AGB sensitive bands were screened and the estimation models of AGB were constructed based on the successive projections algorithm (SPA), stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR), and partial least squares regression (PLSR). The results showed that elevated CO2 concentration significantly increased AGB in winter wheat at jointing and anthesis stages. The red-edge reflectance, near red edge reflectance, and red-edge area increased at jointing stage and decreased at anthesis and maturity stages. The pos