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Identification, expression profile of soybean PIN-Like (PILS) gene family and its function in symbiotic nitrogen fixation in root nodules DONG Yan-Kun, HUANG Ding-Quan, GAO Zhen, CHEN Xu Acta Agronomica Sinica    2022, 48 (2): 353-366.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.14006 Abstract （700）   HTML （33）    PDF（pc） （8803KB）（7248）       Knowledge map    Save Plant hormone auxin plays a vital role in the growth and development of plants. Auxin homeostasis and concentration gradient establishment control the polar formation of almost all organs. The synthesis, transportation, perception, and metabolic degradation of auxin in specific cells establish a concentration gradient of auxin in accordance with organ development. In legumes, roots interact with soil microorganisms to form a special organ called nodules, which is used for biological nitrogen fixation. However, the function of auxin homeostasis control of biological nitrogen fixation is unknown. Studies showed that PIN-Like (PILS) proteins in Arabidopsis helped to regulate intracellular auxin homeostasis and mediate auxin signal transmission in the downstream nucleus. In this study, 19 PILS family genes (GmPILSs) were identified in soybean genome and distributed unevenly on 10 chromosomes of soybean. GmPILSs exhibited a variety of expression patterns in nine tissue parts of soybean, and had obvious specificity of tissue expression. GmPILS1e and GmPILS1f were enriched and expressed in the rhizobia region, and the expression of GmPILS1e and GmPILS1f in nodules was down-regulated by artificial microRNA interference (amiRNAi), resulting in the increase of nitrogenase activity in the nodules. However, the overexpression of GmPILS1f leaded to the decrease nitrogenase activity in root nodules, GmPILS1e and GmPILS1f might participate in the regulation of soybean nitrogenase activity. These results lay the foundation for further analysis of the function and mechanism of soybean GmPILS family genes, and also provide valuable genetic resources for the application of nodulation and nitrogen fixation in agricultural breeding. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of regulatory genes related to flavonoids synthesis by weighted gene correlation network analysis in the panicle of foxtail millet HAN Shang-Ling, HUO Yi-Qiong, LI Hui, HAN Hua-Rui, HOU Si-Yu, SUN Zhao-Xia, HAN Yuan-Huai, LI Hong-Ying Acta Agronomica Sinica    2022, 48 (7): 1645-1657.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.14107 Abstract （830）   HTML （41）    PDF（pc） （1508KB）（3603）       Knowledge map    Save Flavonoids are important secondary metabolites in plants and play significant roles in plant growth and development. They have antioxidant activity and are beneficial to human health. Foxtail millet is rich in nutrients, making it a healthy grain and popular among consumers. The crop is gaining more and more attention as a C4 model plant. However, there are few studies on the metabolic regulatory mechanism of flavonoids in foxtail millet. In this study, the panicles of flavonoid-rich variety JG21 and flavonoid-less variety NMB were analyzed on the flavonoid metabolomic profiles. Transcriptome sequencing was performed on the panicles of JG21 at different developmental stages. Transcription factors involved in regulating flavonoid metabolism were identified by weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA). The expression patterns of these genes were verified by qRT-PCR. The results showed that the main flavonoid components enriched in the spikelets of foxtail millet were apigenin, vitexin, and naringenin, accounting for more than 79% of the total flavonoids. The flavonoid-related network of JG21 contained 38,921 genes, which were divided into 32 modules. Among them, the turquoise module, green module, and magenta module were significantly correlated with flavonoid metabolism. A total of 27 transcription factor families related to the regulation of flavonoid metabolism were identified by using differentially expressed genes related to flavonoid metabolism pathway as the hubs, and 11 transcription factors were obtained through promoter binding motif analysis. Pearson correlation analysis showed that 7 out of the 11 transcription factors might be involved in flavonoid metabolism, which were WRKY38, MYB4a, PI, WRKY15, WRKY62, MYB46, and WRKY23, respectively. The above results provide new candidate genes for studying the transcriptional regulation mechanism of flavonoids and lay a foundation for further investigation of the flavonoid metabolism regulation mechanism in foxtail millet. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Physiological mechanisms in response to waterlogging during seedling stage of Brassica napus L. ZHOU Xiang-Yu, XU Jin-Song, XIE Ling-Li, XU Ben-Bo, ZHANG Xue-Kun Acta Agronomica Sinica    2024, 50 (4): 1015-1029.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.34116 Abstract （601）   HTML （30）    PDF（pc） （8172KB）（4330）       Knowledge map    Save The Yangtze River basin is the main producing area of rapeseeds in China, which is wet and rainy all the year round, and the rapeseed-rice rotation system is implemented in the producing area, resulting in frequent waterlogging. To explore the effects of waterlogging at seedling stage on phenotypic traits, physiological characteristics, photosynthesis, relative gene transcriptional levels, and the regulation of exogenous hormone inhibitors on rapeseed damage under waterlogging, a pot experiment was conducted, and the strong waterlogging tolerant line YZ12, medium waterlogging tolerant line YZ45, and weak waterlogging tolerant line YZ59 were used as the experimental materials. The results indicated that flooding stress severely inhibited the growth of rapeseed, and root activity could be used as an indicator to measure the impact of flooding stress on rapeseed growth. The observation of root cell ultrastructure showed that flooding stress led to plasmolysis and organelle fragmentation of rape root cells. The organelle of strong and medium waterlogging resistant rape was less damaged, and it could maintain a more normal cell morphology under flooding stress. The relative transcriptional levels of cytoskeletal genes Bnamicrotubule1.A3, Bnatubulin-α2.C3, Bnatubulin-β7.C6, and Bnalamin-like.A2 in rape roots were significantly decreased under flooding stress, which were 0.2-0.5 times that of the control (CK) samples. The relative expressional levels of BnaPDH.C9, BnaLDH.A1, and BnaADH.A7 associated to anaerobic respiration were significantly increased, which was 3-6 times higher than that of CK, and higher expression levels were observed in medium and strong waterlogging tolerant rapeseed seedlings than in weak waterlogging tolerant line YZ59. During waterlogging, the activities of POD and SOD increased first and then decreased, while the activity of CAT and the content of MDA increased. Among them, the enzyme activities of YZ12 line such as POD, SOD, CAT were relatively high, and the increase of MDA was small. The photosynthetic efficiency and chlorophyll content of rapeseed leaves were seriously affected by flooding stress. The chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of rapeseed decreased significantly, and the intercellular CO2 concentration increased significantly, and the change range of the weak waterlogging tolerant line YZ59 was larger than that of the other two lines. Under flooding stress, ET and ABA contents of rapeseed increased significantly. Among the three lines, YZ12 had higher ET content, while YZ59 had higher ABA content. The relative transcriptional levels of ET related genes BnaACO1.C8, BnaERF73.C6 were significantly up-regulated in the strong waterlogging tolerant line YZ12, while the relative transcriptional level of ABA-related gene BnaZEP.A7 was up-regulated in the weak waterlogging tolerant line YZ59. Exogenous application of hormone inhibitors could improve the damage of flooding stress to rapeseed, but the effects of different exogenous hormone inhibitors varied significantly. In conclusion, there were differences in physiological metabolism, photosynthesis, hormone, and gene transcriptional levels in response to flooding stress at seedling stage in B. napus with different waterlogging tolerance. B. napus responsed to flooding stress by regulating the relative transcription levels of genes related to cytoskeleton, anaerobic respiration, hormone metabolism, causing changes in antioxidant enzyme activity, hormone levels, photosynthetic efficiency, root ultrastructure and root vitality. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of gene co-expression modules of maize plant height and ear height by WGCNA Juan MA, Yan-Yong CAO, Li-Feng WANG, Jing-Jing LI, Hao WANG, Yan-Ping FAN, Hui-Yong LI Acta Agronomica Sinica    2020, 46 (3): 385-394.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.93021 Abstract （1107）   HTML （25）    PDF（pc） （4874KB）（4599）       Knowledge map    Save Plant height (PH) and ear height (EH) are important factors for maize plant type and grain yield. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) is an important method to explain the relationships between gene network and complicated traits and identify the PH and EH associated genes. In this study, we used Zheng 58, Ye 478, Chang 7-2, Huangzaosi and its combinations Zhengdan 958, Anyu 5, Zheng 58/Huangzaosi, and Ye 478/Huangzaosi as materials and utilized transcriptome data under the planting densities of 45,000 plants hm -2and 67,500 plants hm -2 to construct a co-expression network by WGCNA, getting 24 and 21 co-expression modules, respectively. Among them, a total of 15 co-expression modules were significantly correlated with PH and EH, with the absolute correlation coefficients higher than 0.50. Six modules were overlapped between PH and EH. By gene function analysis, these overlapped modules were significantly enriched in development, photosynthesis, response to light stimulus, plant hormone, and carbohydrate biosynthesis/metabolism related activities. According to connectivity of genes in modules, AP2-EREBP transcription factor EREB14, thiaminase TENA2, phosphoglyceric kinase PGK, glutathione transferase GST2, and succinate dehydrogenase SUDH7 were considered as hub genes. From gene networks, EREB14 was connected with three known PH genes D8, DWF1, ZmGRF10, and C3H35 (C3H transcription factor), GATA4 (C2C2-GATA transcription factor), and ethylene homology ETR40. Reported PH genes An1 and GA20ox3 were also found in our co-expression modules. From the networks of the five known PH genes, ARF-transcription factor 7 (ARFTF7), ARFTF26, GST39, photosystem II oxygen evolving polypeptide PspB2, and photosystem I N subunit PasN1 had connections with these known PH genes. The identification of 15 co-expression modules and their hub genes, and analysis of their gene function and gene networks of key genes will be helpful for revealing the genetic basis of PH and EH. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of AhGA3ox gene family in peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) LI Hai-Fen, LU Qing, LIU Hao, WEN Shi-Jie, WANG Run-Feng, HUANG Lu, CHEN Xiao-Ping, HONG Yan-Bin, LIANG Xuan-Qiang Acta Agronomica Sinica    2024, 50 (4): 932-943.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.34122 Abstract （440）   HTML （28）    PDF（pc） （7691KB）（3366）       Knowledge map    Save Gibberellin 3-beta-dioxygenase (GA3ox) is one of the key enzymes involved in gibberellin biosynthesis, which can regulate plant growth and development by affecting gibberellin formation. There were no systematic studies in peanut genome. In this study, AhGA3ox family genes were identified from the genome database of cultivated peanut species by bioinformatics, and the distribution, structure, evolutionary characteristics, physical and chemical properties, promoter cis-acting elements were also analyzed. The relative expression pattern of AhGA3oxs in different peanut tissues was analyzed by qRT-PCR, and the relative expression level of in shell of two peanut lines with different pod size were also analyzed. The results showed that 7 AhGA3oxs were distributed on 7 chromosomes of peanut, all of which were composed of 1 intron and 2 exons. All the AhGA3ox proteins contained 1 DIOX_N domain and 1 2OG-FeII_Oxy domain. Phylogenetic analysis showed that they were closely related to GA3ox proteins of soybean,. The AhGA3oxs showed obvious tissue expression specificity in root, stem, leaf, flower and peg. The expression levels of AhGA3oxs were not only different in different development stages of the peanut shell, but also different at the same development stage of the two lines. Interestingly, the relative expression levels in large pod lines were significantly higher than those in small pod lines at most development stages. Therefore, we predict that the gene expression of AhGA3ox gene family may promote the formation of large pod. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genome-wide association analysis and candidate gene selection of yield related traits in rice YANG Fei, ZHANG Zheng-Feng, NAN Bo, XIAO Ben-Ze Acta Agronomica Sinica    2022, 48 (7): 1813-1821.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.12047 Abstract （1397）   HTML （89）    PDF（pc） （4541KB）（4753）       Knowledge map    Save Rice is the most important food crop for more than half of the world’s population, and the cultivation of rice varieties with high and stable yield is crucial for solving the world’s food problems. In this study, 226 rice core materials with relatively consistent growth stage were selected from “3K Rice Genome Project” and 2429 kb of high density genotype and 10 agronomic traits including growth period, plant height, effective panicle number, panicle length, spikelet density, seed setting rate, thousand-grains weight, yield per plant, spikelet per panicle, and grains per panicle were investigated by genome-wide associate study combined with 2429 kb of high-density genotype data. A total of 43 loci significantly associated with main agronomic traits were identified, including seven known loci, such as qRGP7.2, qPH12, qPL6.2, qSD6.2, qTGW1.1, qGP1, and qGP5.2. Six candidate genes were screened out, including LOC_Os12g18760 related to plant height, LOC_Os03g33530 related to effective panicle number, LOC_Os06g30940 related to panicle length, LOC_Os01g49810 related to thousand grains weight, LOC_Os09g25260 related to yield per plant, and LOC_Os09g32620 related to spikelet density and spikelet per panicle. These results provide important gene resources and the theoretical reference for genetic improvement of rice yield. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of diverse mixture intercropping on the structure and function of bacterial communities in rice rhizosphere TANG Wen-Qiang, ZHANG Wen-Long, ZHU Xiao-Qiao, DONG Bi-Zheng, LI Yong-Cheng, YANG Nan, ZHANG Yao, WANG Yun-Yue, HAN Guang-Yu Acta Agronomica Sinica    2023, 49 (4): 1111-1121.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.22001 Abstract （528）   HTML （34）    PDF（pc） （923KB）（1986）       Knowledge map    Save In order to clarify the effects of mixture intercropping on the control of rice blast and the structure and function of the rhizosphere bacterial community, the 16S rRNA sequencing analysis of bacteria in rhizosphere soil of the selected high control efficiency (E=54.48%) (Shanyou 63/Huangkenuo) and low control efficiency (E=14.12%) combinations (Hexi 39/Huangkenuo) under the intercropping and monoculture treatments were performed with Illumina Hiseq sequencing technology. The results showed that soil bacteria, from 37 phyla, 116 classes, 244 orders, 384 families, 689 genera, were obtained in the intercropping system. Chloroflexi, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteriota were the dominant bacterial groups. The relative abundance was higher than 15%. Alpha diversity analysis discovered that high-efficacy combination significantly increased the Shannon index and Chao1 index of rice rhizosphere bacterial community in intercropping conditions (P<0.05), whereas there was no difference at P>0.05 in low-efficiency combination. ANOSIM and PCoA analyses revealed that there was significant difference in the structure of the species in the rhizosphere bacterial community in monoculture (r = 0.48, P<0.01), but no significant difference in the rhizosphere bacterial community structure between the high- and low-efficiency combinations following intercropping (P>0.05), which indicating that intercropping increased the similarity of bacterial community structure between both combinations. Comparison to monoculture, the dominant bacterial group composition proved that the relative abundance of Shanyou63 Acidobacteriota decreased significantly, while the relative abundance of Shanyou 63 Actinobacteriota and Firmicutes increased significantly, but there was no significant difference among the dominant bacteria in Huangkenuo. Hexi 39 rhizosphere Patescilbacteria exhibited the significant decrease in low-efficiency combinations, whereas Gemmatimonadota showed the significant increase. PICRUSt2 function prediction discovered that the relative abundance of biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites in the main cultivars decreased significantly in the intercropping system, while the relative abundance of transcription, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins in intercropping cultivars increased significantly. In conclusion, to increase plant disease resistance and to provide data support for the theory of diverse intercropping for disease control, the high-efficacy combination had the ability to improve the diversity of rice rhizosphere bacteria and the structure and function of bacterial community by mixture intercropping, which effectively reduced the occurrence of rice blast and provided an application pathway for the improvement of soil microorganisms. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Contents and compositions of amino acids in rice grains and their regulation: a review YANG Jian-Chang, LI Chao-Qing, JIANG Yi Acta Agronomica Sinica    2022, 48 (5): 1037-1050.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.12062 Abstract （1397）   HTML （85）    PDF（pc） （658KB）（4955）       Knowledge map    Save Amino acids in cereal grains are important nutrients for both human and animals. Increasing the content of amino acids in the rice grain, especially lysine and other essential amino acids, plays a very important role in improving the nutritional standard of people in the countries with rice as staple food. This paper reviewed some research progresses in the contents and compositions of amino acids in the mature grain of rice and their distribution in the different parts of a grain, the synthesis and metabolism of amino acids in the grain, the role of plant hormones in regulating the synthesis and metabolism of on amino acids, and the effects of environmental factors and cultivation practices on the contents and compositions of amino acids in the grain, and discussed the existing problems and key points for future research. It merits further investigating the temporal (at different filling stages) and spatial (at different parts of a grain) distribution characteristics of the contents and compositions of amino acids in a grain during the filling, their physiological and biochemical mechanism, and cultivation regulation and its principle. Such a study is expected to gain new insight into the mechanism in the formation and distributions of amino acids in a rice grain, and explore a new way to increase the contents of amino acids, especially essential amino acids such as lysine, in milled rice. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A review for impacts of climate change on rice production in China Xiao-Xia LING,Zuo-Lin ZHANG,Jing-Qiu ZHAI,Shu-Chun YE,Jian-Liang HUANG Acta Agronomica Sinica    2019, 45 (3): 323-334.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.82044 Abstract （2405）   HTML （174）    PDF（pc） （593KB）（6536）       Knowledge map    Save Rice production system is one of the most sensitive agricultural ecosystems in response to climate change. Here, we reviewed the effects of current and future climate change on rice production in China. Over the past few decades, the thermal resources during rice growing seasons showed an increasing trend, while solar radiation resources showed a decreasing trend and the precipitation’s heterogeneity increased. The frequencies of high temperature stress, heavy precipitation, drought and flood increased, which may lower down the effectiveness of hydrothermal resources. Climate change has led to a significant northward shift of potential planting boundaries for single and double rice production systems, resulted in a negative impact on the length of growth period for single rice, early rice and late rice. The researches based on statistical models and process-based crop models showed that climate change hampered rice production of China. Most reports indicated a reducing trend of yield caused by climate change for single rice, early rice and late rice, but there were still some differences in results from different methods and rice cropping regions. The trends of prolonging growth period and increasing yield are a reflection of the capability of rice production system in China to adapt to climate change, through regulating planting regionalization and improving variety and culture technics. The impact assessment with different climate scenarios showed that the projected growth period of rice would shorten and projected yield would decrease in future. That means climate change will seriously challenge the rice production and food security in China. For further study, deeper understanding of abiotic stress physiology and its incorporation into ecophysiological models, reducing the uncertainty and extending the systematicness of impact assessment are the important research areas that require much attention. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Functional Characterization of Soybean Cystatins Gene GmCYS2 Dan-Xia KE,Kun-Peng PENG,Yan JIA,Shuo ZENG,Ying-Zhi WANG,Jing-Yi ZHANG Acta Agronomica Sinica    2018, 44 (8): 1159-1168.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.01159 Abstract （685）   HTML （22）    PDF（pc） （3819KB）（3284）    PDF（mobile） （3819KB）（28）    Knowledge map    Save CYS (cystatin) plays an important role in nodulation, nodule development and senescence. In this study, we cloned a soybean CYS family gene GmCYS2, which had the highest similarity with pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) CYS, shown by amino acid sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis. The gene encoding protein was expressed and purified in vitro. Enzyme activity inhibition experiment of recombinant protein GmCYS2 showed that the cathepsin inhibitory activity of GmCYS2 protein on L and B classes was higher than that on H class, and cathepsin inhibitory activity in nodule extract from nodule at 30 d was generally higher than that at the 60 d. In addition, the plant overexpression vector was constructed and the GmCYS2-overexpression composite plants were obtained by Lotus japonicus hairy root transformation method. Overexpression of GmCYS2 increased the number of nodules in Lotus japonicus plants and up regulated the expression levels of symbiotic marker genes. These results suggest that GmCYS2 protein can inhibit the enzyme activity and positively regulate the symbiotic nodulation of Lotus japonicus. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Fungi diversity analysis of rhizosphere under drought conditions in cotton YUE Dan-Dan, HAN Bei, Abid Ullah, ZHANG Xian-Long, YANG Xi-Yan Acta Agronomica Sinica    2021, 47 (9): 1806-1815.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.04162 Abstract （663）   HTML （25）    PDF（pc） （3679KB）（4392）       Knowledge map    Save Plant rhizosphere microorganisms play important roles in plant growth and the adaptability of plants to adverse environmental stresses. In this study, cotton rhizosphere fungal communities were analyzed under drought conditions, aiming to explore the effects of drought stress on the diversity and community structures of cotton rhizosphere fungi, and to provide a theoretical basis for improving cotton water use efficiency by using beneficial microorganisms. Drought stress was applied to upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum cv. Jin 668) at flowering stage (SDP), while the soil without plants was also subjected to drought (SOPD). Simultaneously, the plants (SPN) and pots without plants (SNPN) regularly watered were used as controls. The soil samples were collected, the microbial DNA was isolated, and Illumina Miseq was conducted for a high-throughput sequencing of fungi ITS1 regions to study the diversity of the rhizosphere fungal communities. As a result, a total of 970 OTUs were identified, and the numbers of fungal OTUs in the samples of SNPN, SOPD, SPN, and SDP were 481, 528, 743, and 752, respectively, among which 288 OTUs were shared by all samples. The OTUs were classified to different levels of phyla, class, order, family, and genus of fungi. The rhizosphere fungal community of cotton was predominantly consisted of the phyla Ascomycota (82.70%) and Basidiomycota (10.15%). The abundance of Sordariomycetes, Sordariales, and Chaetomiaceae decreased, while the abundance of Eurotiales, Trichocomaceae, Aspergillus, and Penicillum increased significantly under drought stress. Moreover, the diversity of fungal community in the soil with cotton plants significantly higher than that in the soil without cotton plants. Meanwhile, the fungi community structures of SPN and SDP resembling each other and differing greatly from SNPN and SOPD. These results revealed that the cotton rhizosphere had a rich pool of fungal communities, and drought stress had a significant effect on the abundances and diversity of fungi in cotton rhizosphere. This study provided new insights for the researches of improving drought tolerance of cotton in terms of soil microorganisms. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genome editing of BnMLO6 gene by CRISPR/Cas9 for the improvement of disease resistance in Brassica napus L SHI Yu-Qin, SUN Meng-Dan, CHEN Fan, CHENG Hong-Tao, HU Xue-Zhi, FU Li, HU Qiong, MEI De-Sheng, LI Chao Acta Agronomica Sinica    2022, 48 (4): 801-811.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.14077 Abstract （930）   HTML （65）    PDF（pc） （4825KB）（3119）       Knowledge map    Save Gene editing technology can modify the target gene efficiently and accurately, which opens up a new way for crop genetic improvement. Mildew resistance locus O (MLO) gene is a key negative regulator of plant defense against powdery mildew. Mutation of MLO gene can enhance plant resistance to powdery mildew, but whether it has the same function is not reported in oilseed rape. In this study, the relative expression analysis suggested that BnMLO6 gene was induced by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. To explore the potential role of BnMLO6 gene in pathogen resistance, six homologous copies of BnMLO6 gene mutated synchronously by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology and mlo6-212 mutant line was generated for further analysis. Genetic analysis revealed that CRISPR/Cas9 induced mutagenesis of BnMLO6 gene could be stably inherited. In addition, mlo6-212 mutant line indicated obvious resistance to powdery mildew in both field and greenhouse condition. The lesion area of mlo6-212 mutant was reduced by 19.5% after 24 hours inoculation with S. sclerotiorum. Meanwhile, mutation of BnMLO6 gene could stimulate the spontaneous accumulation of callose in leaves and activate ethylene and jasmonic acid transduction pathway. Thus, BnMLO6 gene was probably involved in multiple pathogen resistance pathways to negatively regulate resistance to powdery mildew and S. sclerotiorum in oilseed rape. The results not only provide theoretical basis for the study of BnMLO6 involved resistance regulation of multiple pathogens, but also provide resistant resources and technical support for genetic improvement of disease resistance in oilseed rape. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Characteristics of cadmium accumulation and distribution in different organs of wheat with different cadmium-accumulating type FENG Ya-Juan, LI Ting-Xuan, PU Yong, ZHANG Xi-Zhou Acta Agronomica Sinica    2022, 48 (7): 1761-1770.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.11046 Abstract （798）   HTML （22）    PDF（pc） （461KB）（3783）       Knowledge map    Save The study of cadmium accumulation and distribution characteristics in different organs of wheat with low Cd accumulation is helpful to clarify the mechanism of low Cd accumulation in grain, which is of great significance for cultivating wheat varieties with Cd safety. A pot experiment was conducted to clarify the characteristics of Cd accumulation and distribution in different organs of different Cd accumulating wheat materials at the late growth stages. The physiological characteristics of the key organs, namely node I and glume, were further explored. The results showed that there was significant difference of Cd accumulation and distribution between the two wheats at maturity stage. Cd concentrations in node I and glume of Mianmai 37 were significantly higher than those of Kangxiu 3816. The stage of from filling to maturity was the key period for Cd accumulation in node I and glume of the accumulation of Mianmai 37. In subcellular level, Cd in node I and glume of both wheat was mostly distributed in the cell wall, accounting for 70%-80%. The distribution ratio of the soluble fraction of Mianmai 37 node I was 18%, and that of Kangxiu 3816 was 15%. The distribution ratio of the soluble fraction of Mianmai 37 glume was 19%, which was 2.7 times that of Kangxiu 3816. More Cd was found to distribute in soluble faction in node I and glume of Mianmai 37 compared with Kangxiu 3816. There was no significant difference of GSH concentration in node I of the two wheats at filling stage. The PC1 and PC2 concentrations in node I of Mianmai 37 were significantly lower than those of Kangxiu 3816, while the PC3 and PC4 concentrations were significantly higher. The concentrations of GSH, PC1, PC2, PC3, and PC4 in the glume of Mianmai 37 were significantly higher than those of Kangxiu 3816. Cd retention in node I and the soluble fraction of glumes, as well as the great increase of NPT concentrations, contributed to low Cd accumulation in Mianmai 37. The present study investigates the mechanism of Cd retention in the key organs of wheat, which is of great significance to clarify the mechanism of Cd accumulation in wheat grains. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cloning, expression, and function of HcKAN4 gene of kenaf in flavonoid synthesis WU Fa-Xuan, LI Qin, YANG Xin, LI Xin-Gen, XU Jian-Tang, TAO Ai-Fen, FANG Ping-Ping, QI Jian-Min, ZHANG Li-Wu Acta Agronomica Sinica    2024, 50 (3): 645-655.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.34084 Abstract （425）   HTML （27）    PDF（pc） （4598KB）（1741）       Knowledge map    Save MYB-like transcription factor KAN4 (KANADI4) plays an important role in flavonoid synthesis and fiber development in kenaf. In this study, the variety “Fuhong 952” was used as the experimental material to clone and analyze the relative expression pattern of HcKAN4 genes, and to investigate the effect of TRV-VIGS-induced silencing of HCKAN4 gene on the expression of key enzyme genes in flavonoid synthesis pathway in kenaf, the variety ‘Fuhong 952’ was used as the experimental material. Gene cloning showed that the total length of ORF of HcKAN4 gene was 966 bp, encoding 322 amino acids and containing a conserved domain of MYB. Phylogenetic tree revealed that it was closely related to KAN4s of Arabidopsis and Hibiscus. The relative expression pattern indicated that the gene was expressed in different plant tissues, and the transcription level increased with plant growth in kenaf. VIGS-induced gene silencing revealed that the transcription level of 6 HcKAN4 individuals was significantly down-regulated, indicating gene silencing successfully. Real-time quantitative PCR demonstrated that the relative level of flavonoid synthesis-related genes, HcCHS, HcF3'5'H, HcANS, and HcANR, were significantly down-regulated, which were 0.51, 0.14, 0.23, and 0.11 times of those in the control group, respectively, suggesting that the relative expression level of HcKAN4 gene can regulate the biosynthesis of flavonoid in kenaf. These results provide a basis for clarifying the regulation of flavonoid synthesis by MYB transcription factor and give research ideas for improving fiber quality in kenaf. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of intercropping with watermelons on cane yields, soil physicochemical properties and micro-ecology in rhizospheres of sugarcanes XIAO Jian, WEI Xing-Xuan, YANG Shang-Dong, LU Wen, TAN Hong-Wei Acta Agronomica Sinica    2023, 49 (2): 526-538.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.24050 Abstract （559）   HTML （21）    PDF（pc） （1747KB）（3852）       Knowledge map    Save To provide theoretical basis for developing sugarcane intercropping cultivation system, cane yields, total economic benefit, soil physicochemical properties and bacterial community structure in rhizospheres of sugarcane intercropping with watermelon were analyzed. Based on traditional and modern high-throughput sequencing techniques, cane yields, total economic benefit, soil physicochemical properties and bacterial community structure in rhizosphere of sugarcanes between monoculture (CK) and sugarcane intercropping with watermelons (TM) were analyzed. Compared with CK, the contents of soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), phosphorus (TP) and potassium (TK), and the contents of available nitrogen (AN), phosphorus (AP) and potassium (AK) were all not significantly altered in sugarcane intercropping with watermelons system. Meanwhile, soil bacterial diversity, richness and soil bacterial functions were also not significantly changed in sugarcane intercropping with watermelons system. In addition, although some soil dominant bacterial phyla, such as Actinobacteria and other could be enriched, but Planctomycetes and Bacteroidetes also lost in rhizospheres of sugarcanes in TM treatments also lost. Meanwhile, Acidothermus, Bradyrhizobium, norank_o__SC-I-84, Bryobacter, Streptomyces, norank_f__DA111, Candidatus_Solibacter, Acidibacter and norank_f__Acidobacteriaceae__Subgroup_1_ were the unique soil dominant bacterial genera in rhizospheres of sugarcanes in CK. By contrast, Micromonospora, norank_f__Anaerolineaceae, unclassified_f__Micrococcaceae, norank_o__JG30-KF-CM45, norank_f__Elev-16S-1332, norank_c__Actinobacteria, Luedemannella, unclassified_f__Intrasporangiaceae, norank_f__ Nitrosomonadaceae, unclassified_f__Nocardioidaceae, norank_c__S085 and Defluviicoccus were the specific soil dominant bacterial genera in rhizospheres sugarcanes in TM treatment. Moreover, there were no significantly different in the functions of soil bacteria in rhizospheres of sugarcanes between TM and CK treatments, suggesting that soil bacterial functions in rhizospheres of sugarcanes did not significantly alter by intercropping with watermelons. In comparison with sugarcane monoculture, cane yields and total economic benefit all could be improved. In addition, soil physicochemical properties and soil bacterial diversity, richness and functions in rhizospheres of sugarcanes could not be significantly improved by intercropping with watermelons. However, the compositions of soil bacterial communities were altered, such as Micromonospora, enriched as the unique soil dominant bacterial genera in rhizospheres of sugarcanes intercropping with watermelons. All the above results showed that not only cane yields and total economic benefit could be improved but also soil physicochemical properties were not decreased. Furthermore, soil bacterial functions also were not significantly deteriorated, just the compositions of soil bacterial communities were partly altered by intercropping with watermelons. The stress resistance properties of sugarcanes could be improved by intercropping with watermelons for some benefit bacteria, such as Micromonospora enriched in rhizospheres of sugarcanes under sugarcane/watermelon intercropping systems. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechanism of cyclanilide enhanced the defoliation efficiency of thidiazuron in cotton by regulating endogenous hormones under low temperature stress SUN Shang-Wen, SHU Hong-Mei, YANG Chang-Qin, ZHANG Guo-Wei, WANG Xiao-Jing, MENG Ya-Li, WANG You-Hua, LIU Rui-Xian Acta Agronomica Sinica    2024, 50 (1): 187-198.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.34046 Abstract （370）   HTML （15）    PDF（pc） （1611KB）（2084）       Knowledge map    Save The technology of cotton leaf removal is an important prerequisite for realizing the mechanical harvesting of cotton, but low temperature affect the efficiency of TDZ-induced leaf abscission, which cannot meet the requirements of mechanized harvesting. In our laboratory, we found that cyclanilide (CYC) could improve the defoliation efficiency of TDZ at low temperature, but the mechanism of CYC promoting chemical defoliation (TDZ) under low temperature is unknown. Therefore, the content of plant hormones and the relative expression level of related genes in the abscission zone of cotton leaves were analyzed using Zhongmian 425 as the experimental material, setting two temperature levels (25℃ and 15℃) and three treatments [water (CK), single TDZ (T), and the compound of TDZ+CYC (TC)]. At 240 h after treatment under low temperature (15℃), the abscission rate of cotton leaves treated by T was only 53.0%, while the start time of cotton leaves abscission treated by TC was 24 h ahead of that treated by T and the abscission rate of cotton leaves treated by TC increased to 79.6%. At low temperature, compared with T, the relative expression level of auxin (IAA) transport genes (LAX2, PIN1), IAA response genes (IAA9, ARF3) and the content of IAA in the abscission zone of cotton leaves treated with TC were reduced significantly; the relative expression level of ethylene (ET) synthesis genes (ACS, ACO), and the content of ET synthesis precursor ACC were increased, the relative expression level of ET downstream signal gene(ERF1B) was up-regulated significantly in the abscission zone treated with TC. The jasmonate acid (JA) synthesis-related gene (AOC4) was up-regulated, and the content of JA was increased in abscission zone treated by TC. The inhibition of the IAA transport and signal transduction and the promotion of ET and JA synthesis and ET signal transduction caused by TC treatment in the abscission zones of cotton leaves could be the key reason that CYC could promote cotton leaves abscission effect of TDZ at low temperature. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cloning of TabHLH112-2B gene and development of its functional marker associated with the number of spikelet per spike in wheat FAN Zi-Pei, LI Long, SHI Yu-Gang, SUN Dai-Zhen, LI Chao-Nan, JING Rui-Lian Acta Agronomica Sinica    2024, 50 (2): 403-413.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.31016 Abstract （497）   HTML （31）    PDF（pc） （4989KB）（3412）       Knowledge map    Save The bHLH (basic Helix-Loop-Helix) transcription factor plays an important role in plant growth and development. In this study, wheat gene TabHLH112-2B was cloned, which consists of seven exons and six introns, encoding 444 amino acids, and has a typical HLH conserved domain at 315-364 amino acids. The tissue expression pattern analysis showed that TabHLH112-2B was expressed in all tissues at seedling stage, jointing stage, heading stage, and flowering stages. Among them, the relative expression levels in leaves and roots were higher. The cis-acting element analysis showed that the promoter region of TabHLH112-2B contained a variety of cis-acting elements related to plant hormone responses, stress responses, and meristem development. The qRT-PCR exhibited that the relative expression level of TabHLH112-2B was responsive to plant hormones (such as ABA, IAA, MeJA) and abiotic stresses (such as drought, salt, low and high temperatures). Two SNPs were detected in its promoter region by genomic sequence polymorphism, which were classified into two haplotypes. A molecular marker was developed based on SNP-682, and association analysis showed that the marker was significantly correlated with the number of spikelet per spike in various environments such as drought and high temperature. Hap-2B-2 was a favorable haplotype with more spikelets per spike. These results of this study provide the valuable genetic resources and technical support for molecular marker-assisted breeding of wheat varieties with high yield and wide adaptability. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Endosperm development of cereal crops and its role in seed dormancy and germination SONG Song-Quan, TANG Cui-Fang, CHENG Hong-Yan, WANG Cheng-Liang, YUAN Liang-Bing, ZUO Sheng Acta Agronomica Sinica    2025, 51 (5): 1133-1155.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.42055 Abstract （384）   HTML （45）    PDF（pc） （5724KB）（1421）       Knowledge map    Save In angiosperms, double fertilization triggers the simultaneous development of two closely adjacent tissue, embryo and endosperm. The function of endosperm is not only to provide nutrients and serve as a mechanical barrier for the embryo, but also to act as a growth regulator for the embryo during seed development, dormancy and germination, thereby controlling the vitality, dormancy, and germination of the seeds. But so far, the development of endosperm and its regulatory mechanism are not clear enough. In the present paper, the recent progress achieved in the endosperm development and its regulatory mechanism, as well as the regulation of these events on seed dormancy and germination, was reviewed, including morphogenesis, differentiation of aleurone layer and starch endosperm, programmed cell death of starch endosperm, accumulation of storage proteins in endosperm during endosperm development, as well as the regulation of cell cycle regulatory factors, phytohormones, and epigenetic on endosperm development, and the role of endosperm in embryo development, seed dormancy and germination. Finally, the scientific issues that need to be further researched in this field are proposed, attempting to provide reference for understanding the molecular mechanisms of endosperm development and its regulation, and thereby improving the yield and quality of cereal crops. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Overexpression of soybean isopropyl malate dehydrogenase gene GmIPMDH promotes flowering and growth LIU Wei, WANG Yu-Bin, LI Wei, ZHANG Li-Feng, XU Ran, WANG Cai-Jie, ZHANG Yan-Wei Acta Agronomica Sinica    2024, 50 (3): 613-622.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.34093 Abstract （425）   HTML （43）    PDF（pc） （5914KB）（1348）       Knowledge map    Save Isopropyl malate synthase (IPMS) and isopropyl malate dehydrogenase (IPMDH) are important rate-limiting enzymes in leucine biosynthesis. However, their functions in plant growth and development have rarely been reported. In this study, we cloned and performed sequence analysis of GmIPMDH, a homologous gene of Arabidopsis AtIPMDH2 in soybean. GmIPMDH contained a conserved domain of Iso_dh, and the promoter of GmIPMDH contained a large number of light and hormonal responsive elements. The qRT-PCR showed that the relative expression level of GmIPMDH in soybean leaves gradually increased with the growth and development of plants. We then performed a function analysis of GmIPMDH by ectopic expression in tobacco and overexpression in soybean. Phenotypic analysis revealed that the overexpression of GmIPMDH significantly promoted flowering of tobacco and soybean. Meanwhile, plant height and nodes number were also increased significantly. Transcriptome analysis displayed that the expression of several flowering-related genes and gibberellin synthesis-related genes were changed in soybean GmIPMDH-overexpression plants. Therefore, we speculated that GmIPMDH may be involved in the gibberellin-mediated flowering and plant type architecture regulation. This study elucidates the role of GmIPMDH in the regulation of flowering time and provides a molecular basis for further research on the mechanism of GmIPMDH regulating soybean flowering and plant growth. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Arabidopsis bZIP1 Transcription Factor Binding to the ABRE Cis-Element Regulates Abscisic Acid Signal Transduction SUN Xiao-Li, LI Yong, CA Hua, BAI Xi, JI Wei, JI Zuo-Jun, ZHU Yan-Meng Acta Agron Sin    2011, 37 (04): 612-619.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.00612 Abstract （3299）      PDF（pc） （454KB）（4350）       Knowledge map    Save Abscisic acid (ABA) is a phytohormone and mediates the response and adaptation of higher plants to various environmental stresses during vegetative growth. The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors are also important regulators of plant development and abiotic resistance, acting through either ABA-dependent or ABA-independent mechanisms. In this study, we investigated and characterized the involvement of the AtbZIP1 gene in plant responsiveness to ABA. As confirmed by PCR and RT-PCR, AtbZIP1 has been silenced in mutant Arabidopsis ko-1 (SALK_059343) and ko-2 (SALK_069489C). The AtbZIP1 knockout plants demonstrated reduced sensitivity to ABA both at the seed germination stage and the seedling stage, with improvements in rates of germination, leaf opening/greening and primary root length. In order to investigate whether the regulation of AtbZIP1-mediated ABA responsiveness depended on the ABA-responsive elements (ABRE), we expressed the AtbZIP1 HIS6 fusion protein in E. coli andfound that the AtbZIP1 HIS6 specifically bound to the ABRE cis-elements. Semi-quantitive RT PCR showed that AtbZIP1 disruption altered expressions of some ABA responsive genes such as NCED3, RD22, KIN1, and RD29A. Our results indicated that AtbZIP1 regulates abscisic acid signal transduction by binding to the ABREs and altered the expressions of the ABA responsive genes. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(8)

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Identification and expression analysis of nitrate transporter NRT gene family in upland cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L .) MA Chun-Min, LI Wei-Xi, LI Fang-Jun, TIAN Xiao-Li, LI Zhao-Hu Acta Agronomica Sinica    2023, 49 (6): 1496-1517.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.24159 Abstract （738）   HTML （51）    PDF（pc） （8632KB）（1460）       Knowledge map    Save Nitrate transporters (NRTs) play an important role in plant nitrogen absorption, utilization, and storage. In this study, 106 GhNRT1/PTR (NPF) (Nitrate transporter 1 (NRT1)/Peptide Transporter (PTR) family (NPF)) and 14 GhNRT2 (Nitrate transporter 2 family) were identified from Gossypium hirsutum L. (TM-1) by HMM software and Blastp method. The conserved domains, phylogenetic relationships, physicochemical properties, subcellular localization, conserved motifs, gene structure, promoter cis-acting elements, and expression patterns of these GhNRTs were analyzed. The results showed that GhNPF had a typical PTR2 (Peptide Transporter 2 family) domain. Two PTR2 and/or other domains were found in individual proteins (GhNPF2.6bD, GhNPF4.1cA, and GhNPF2.14aD), indicating that GhNPF was less evolutionarily conserved. The GhNRT2 had a typical MFS_1 (Major Facilitator Superfamily) domain. Most proteins were located on the cytoplasmic membrane with hydrophobic properties. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these GhNRTs could be divided into 10 groups, and the same group had similar gene structure and motif distribution. The composition of cis-acting elements indicated that the relative expression levels of most GhNRTs could be related to plant hormones, abiotic stress, and light response. In addition, the relative expression patterns of GhNPF were different among the diverse subgroups, but the relative expression patterns of different members in the same subgroup were mostly conserved. GhNRT2 genes were mainly expressed in roots. Moreover, the transcriptome data with salt stress treatment revealed that the relative levels of nearly 1/5 GhNRTs were significantly up-regulated or down-regulated, indicating that they probably function in response to salt stress. Six GhNRTs were selected to detect the response of their expression in roots, young leaves, functional leaves, and old leaves to different NO3- supply levels. The results showed that GhNPF6.3dA and GhNPF7.3aA may have the ability to absorb NO3- with dual affinity, while GhNPF6.2bD may encode high-affinity NO3- transporter. The three may be involved in NO3- unloading in functional leaves and old leaves. These results were different from those reported in plants such as Arabidopsis. In conclusion, the results provide a reference for further functional characterization of nitrate transporters and provide a preliminary basis for the mechanism analysis of nitrogen absorption and utilization in cotton. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Transcriptome analysis of tobacco in response to cadmium stress ZHANG Hui, ZHANG Xin-Yu, YUAN Xu, CHEN Wei-Da, YANG Ting Acta Agronomica Sinica    2024, 50 (4): 944-956.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.34141 Abstract （625）   HTML （42）    PDF（pc） （8588KB）（3576）       Knowledge map    Save With the development of industrialization process in society, the problem of cadmium (Cd) pollution in soil is increasing. However, Nicotiana tabacum has a strong Cd enrichment capacity in leaves, which seriously affects its economic value. To investigate the mechanism by which tobacco responds to Cd stress, tobacco leaves were harvested from the culture solution with Cd concentrations of 0 μmol L-1 and 500 μmol L-1 for subsequent transcriptome sequencing. In this study, a total of 76.94 Gb clean data was obtained, with Q30 base percentage exceeding 95.43%. The results showed that 7735 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened under Cd stress conditions, including 4833 up-regulated genes and 2902 down-regulated genes. The reliability of transcriptome data was verified by qRT-PCR analysis to detect the expression patterns of candidate gene. Gene ontology (GO) annotation as well as Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed on differentially expressed transcripts. GO functional enrichment revealed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly distributed in metabolic processes, response to stimulus, cellular anatomical entity, catalytic activity, and transcription regulator activity. Meanwhile, KEGG analysis showed that the up-regulated differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in biosynthesis of amino acids, carbon metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and citrate cycle. Down-regulated differentially expressed genes were primarily enriched in photosynthesis, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, metabolic pathways, and plant hormone signal transduction. Further analysis of plant hormone signal transduction pathways revealed that there were eight plant hormone pathways involved in response to cadmium stress in tobacco, and the relative expression patterns of different hormone gene member were also different. Experimental results from plant hormone application on tobacco leaves demonstrated that the regulation of gibberellins, brassinosteroids, and jasmonic acid pathways played roles in tobacco’s response to cadmium stress. The experimental results of Arabidopsis hormone signal mutant showed that plants respond to cadmium stress by regulating ethylene, gibberellin, brassinosteroid, and jasmonic acid pathways. In conclusion, this study not only explores the regulatory network of tobacco resistance to Cd stress, but also lays a theoretical foundation for the genetic improvement of crop resistance. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Transcriptome analysis of exogenous 6-BA in regulating young spike development of wheat after low temperature at booting stage LI Ling-Yu, ZHOU Qi-Rui, LI Yang, ZHANG An-Min, WANG Bei-Bei, MA Shang-Yu, FAN Yong-Hui, HUANG Zheng-Lai, ZHANG Wen-Jing Acta Agronomica Sinica    2023, 49 (7): 1808-1817.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.21050 Abstract （534）   HTML （34）    PDF（pc） （1075KB）（3331）       Knowledge map    Save In recent years, due to the frequent occurrence of extreme weather, low temperatures (LT) became one of the main disasters restricting wheat production. LT has negative effects on wheat growth and yield formation, especially at booting stage. Exogenous spraying of 6-benzylamino adenine (6-BA) after LT at booting stage can alleviate the damage caused by LT in wheat, but the related molecular regulation mechanism is still unclear. In this study, transcriptome sequencing technology was used to analyze the molecular mechanism of 6-BA improving cold tolerance in wheat. The LT sensitive variety Wanmai 52 and insensitive variety Yannong 19 were selected as the experimental materials. The experiment was carried out in combination of potted and field planting. Two wheat cultivars were planted in plastic pots at a planting density of ten plants per pot. At booting stage, the pots were moved into an artificial climate chamber for low temperature treatment. At the end of the treatment, 20 mg L-1 6-BA solution was sprayed, and an equal volume of distilled water was sprayed as the control. The morphology of young spike, and the content of soluble sugar and starch in young spikes were determined. Some candidate differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened and their relative expression patterns were analyzed by qRT-PCR, and the results were verified by qRT-PCR. After 10 days, compared with the control, the morphological development of young spike was better, fuller and longer. The contents of soluble sugar and starch in young spikes increased after 6-BA treatment. The results showed that 22,770 DEGs were identified in Wanmai 52 and 9866 in Yannong 19, respectively, and 661 genes were up-regulated in the two cultivars. ARF5, AGPL1, 1-SST, SWEET15, and other genes were screened out, which were related to the regulation of plant hormone level, starch synthesis, and sugar metabolism. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed on the selected differential genes. GO annotation revealed that the functions of the differential genes of the two varieties were mainly concentrated in cell structure stability, metabolism, and catalytic activity. KEGG enrichment analysis demonstrated that signal transduction, regulation of endogenous hormone levels, carbon metabolism, the changes of membrane structure and function had significant changes. In conclusion, 6-BA could alleviate cold damage by regulating the metabolism of antioxidant substances, hormone signal transduction, carbohydrate metabolism, osmotic adjustment, and other ways in wheat. The results provide a theoretical basis for exploring the cultivation measures to reduce the damage of low temperature on wheat in spring. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genome dominance and the breeding significance in Triticeae LIU Deng-Cai, ZHANG Lian-Quan, HAO Ming, HUANG Lin, NING Shun-Zong, YUAN Zhong-Wei, JIANG Bo, YAN Ze-Hong, WU Bi-Hua, ZHENG You-Liang Acta Agronomica Sinica    2020, 46 (10): 1465-1473.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.01022 Abstract （1399）   HTML （62）    PDF（pc） （4156KB）（2849）       Knowledge map    Save Triticeae tribe houses a number of allopolyploid species that harbor combinations of various genomes. The different genomes of an allopolyploid may have asymmetric contributions to morphological traits. For instance, the taxon traits of allopolyploids within genus Triticum is highly like those from the donor species of A-genome, termed this phenomenon as A-genome dominance. Because of genome dominance, the allopolyploids of Triticeae are grouped into different species clusters with A, D, U, or St as the pivotal (dominant) genome. Genome dominance may confer the advantages in evolution and adaptation. In breeding, it is an important factor to influence the development of novel allopolyploid crops and the design of wheat-alien chromosome translocations. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mining Yellow-seeded Micro Effect Loci in B. napus by Integrated GWAS and WGCNA Analysis Xiao-Hua XIAN,Jia WANG,Xin-Fu XU,Cun-Min QU,Kun LU,Jia-Na LI,Lie-Zhao LIU Acta Agronomica Sinica    2018, 44 (8): 1105-1113.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.01105 Abstract （1303）   HTML （87）    PDF（pc） （678KB）（4101）    PDF（mobile） （6083KB）（111）    Knowledge map    Save Brassica napus is one of the most important oil crops in the world, and developing yellow-seeded B. napus with improved qualities is a major breeding goal. The yellow-seeded minor genes were mined by genome-wide association study (GWAS) and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) with 520 representative varieties (or lines) and the transcriptional data at eight time points during the seed development. The 199 SNPs and 1826 nominally significant GWAS candidate genes were detected. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was performed using the WGCNA R package to construct the resulting network composing eight distinct gene modules. Among them, the turquoise module and the blue module were related to the seed coat color based on gene function enrichment analysis. BnATCAD4, BnF3H, and BnANS, the key enzymes genes of phenylpropane metabolic pathway and flavonoid metabolic pathway were found in turquoise module. Through the characterization of module content and topology, we mined a number of micro effect genes based on known yellow-seed related genes mainly involved in the phenylpropanoid metabolic process, flavonoid metabolic process and proanthocyanidin biosynthetic process. This information of minor loci and candidate genes should be useful in the breeding for yellow-seeded B. napus. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification and gene mapping of long grain and degenerated palea ( lgdp) in rice ( Oryza sativa L.) LIN Xiao-Xin, HUANG Ming-Jiang, WEI Yi, ZHU Hong-Hui, WANG Zi-Yi, LI Zhong-Cheng, ZHUANG Hui, LI Yan-Xi, LI Yun-Feng, CHEN Rui Acta Agronomica Sinica    2023, 49 (6): 1699-1707.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.22028 Abstract （544）   HTML （46）    PDF（pc） （7321KB）（2271）       Knowledge map    Save The grain shape, which consists of grain length and grain width, is the primary determinant of grain yield and one of the important appearance quality traits in rice. It is of great significance to identify the related genes associated with grain shape and to study molecular mechanisms for improving the yield and quality of rice. In this study, a long grain mutant named long grain and degenerated palea (lgdp) deriving from EMS (ethyl methane sulfonate) mutation groups of Xida 1B was reported. In lgdp mutant, the elongation of lemma resulted in a long grain. Further SEM analysis revealed that the main reason for lemma elongation was the extremely significant increase in the number of glume cells. Genetic analysis showed that the lgdp trait was regulated by a pair of recessive genes. Using BSA method and the F2 population crossing lgdp with ZH11, the target gene was located between the molecular markers ZLN43 and ZLN-1 on chromosome 3, with a physical distance of about 810 kb. The analysis of RNA-seq and PCR indicated the LGDP candidate gene might encode a MADS-box protein. The qPCR referred that LGDP negatively regulated the relative expression levels of several positive grain length regulatory factors, GW7/GL7, GS3, TGW6, which affected the cell proliferation of glumes and the grain length. The results of this study laid a foundation for the molecular function analysis of LGDP gene in the future. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Relative expression profiles of genes response to salt stress and constructions of gene co-expression networks in Brassica napus L. YANG Chuang, WANG Ling, QUAN Cheng-Tao, YU Liang-Qian, DAI Cheng, GUO Liang, FU Ting-Dong, MA Chao-Zhi Acta Agronomica Sinica    2024, 50 (1): 237-250.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.34076 Abstract （694）   HTML （33）    PDF（pc） （9515KB）（1991）       Knowledge map    Save Brassica napus L. is an important oil crop. Salt stress is one of the major environmental conditions affecting the growth and development of B. napus, which may lead to yield reduction, quality deterioration, and even the death of B. napus. In this study, the B. napus semi-winter cultivar ZS11 was used as the experimental material to perform transcriptome sequencing on the leaf and root tissues with salt stress treatment (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h). The measured 90 RNA-seq data provided the high-resolution time dynamic transcriptional expression spectrum of rapeseed tissues responding to salt stress was obtained. Correlation analysis showed that the samples exhibited significant clustering differences in early response and late response before and after 1 h salt stress treatment. Using DESeq2 for differential gene analysis, we identified 20,462 and 29,334 differential genes for the response of root and leaf tissues, respectively, indicating that the overall response of leaf tissue in rapeseed was more severe than the root. Furthermore, WGCNA was used to construct gene co-expression networks for the salt stress response in root and leaf tissues, respectively, and tan and yellow modules were significantly related to the early response to salt stress, and green and red modules were significantly related to the late response to salt stress. GO enrichment analysis was then performed, and 41 and 26 core transcription factors responding to salt stress at the early and late stages, respectively, were selected from these networks. Functional annotation showed that the known Arabidopsis homologous genes involved in salt stress responses at different stages existed in all four modules, and core genes, such as BnWRKY46 and BnWRKY57, had abundant SNPs variation and haplotypes in 505 salt stress-treated rape population variation data, suggesting that these core transcription factors might be key candidate genes for rape salt stress response. This study provides a reliable data reference and candidate gene resources for improving salt tolerance in B. napus. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Molecular Cloning and Functional Identification of Peroxidase Gene ScPOD02 in Sugarcane SU Ya-Chun,WANG Zhu-Qing,LI Zhu,LIU Feng,XU Li-Ping*,QUE You-Xiong,DAI Ming-Jian,Chen Yun-Hao Acta Agron Sin    2017, 43 (04): 510-521.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2017.00510 Abstract （684）   HTML （0）    PDF（pc） （2258KB）（3439）       Knowledge map    Save Peroxidases (PODs), widely existing in various plant organs and different development stages, play a vital role in plant growth and development, and also respond to adverse stresses. Based on the previous transcriptome data, we isolated a cDNA (GenBank Acc. No. KU593507) and genomic DNA (GenBank No. KU593508) sequences of ScPOD02 from smut resistant genotype Yacheng 05-179 infected by Sporisorium scitamineum for two days. Sequence analysis showed that the full length cDNA of ScPOD02 is 1434 bp with an ORF of 1047 bp in length, encoding 348 amino acids. Its genomic DNA length is 1558 bp containing two exons and one intron. Phylogenetic tree analysis demonstrated that ScPOD02 and rice OsPrx11 (GenBank Acc. No. gi|55700889) were clustered into the same evolutionary branch, suggesting that ScPOD02 belongs to one of the acidic exocytosis/cell wall type of class I.1 peroxidase family members. ScPOD02 was further ligated with a prokaryotic expression vector of pET 32a and then transformed into Escherichia coli BL21. An approximately 60 kD fusion protein was obtained by isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactoside induction. Compared with the control, the growth of recombinant BL21 cells was enhanced under the stress of polyethylene glycol, indicating its high tolerance to drought stress. RT-qPCR analysis showed that the transcripts of ScPOD02 were up-regulated in sugarcane smut-resistant cultivars (YZ03-258, YZ01-1413, YT96-86, and LC05-136) by S. scitamineum except for ROC22 and YZ03-103, but remained or slightly decreased in the middle-susceptible (FN39 and GT02-467) and susceptible (FN40) cultivars. In addition, ScPOD02 positively responded to salicylic acid, abscisic acid, polyethylene glycol and sodium chloride stresses. The transient expression of ScPOD02 in Nicotiana benthamiana was performed using Agrobacterium mediated method. A deeper DAB staining color in N. benthamiana leaves was observed after overexpressing ScPOD02. Furthermore, the target gene ScPOD02 and the N. benthamiana hypersensitive reaction (HR) marker genes (NtHSR201 and NtHSR203) and ethylene synthesis dependent genes (NtEFE26 and NtAccdeaminase) were all up-regulated. These reach a conclusion that the ScPOD02 has potential roles in the immune response and in protecting sugarcane from drought and salt stresses. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genome-wide identification of peanut resistance genes and their response to Ralstonia solanacearum infection ZHANG Huan, LUO Huai-Yong, LI Wei-Tao, GUO Jian-Bin, CHEN Wei-Gang, ZHOU Xiao-Jing, HUANG Li, LIU Nian, YAN Li-Ying, LEI Yong, LIAO Bo-Shou, JIANG Hui-Fang Acta Agronomica Sinica    2021, 47 (12): 2314-2323.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.04266 Abstract （836）   HTML （28）    PDF（pc） （589KB）（3548）       Knowledge map    Save Peanut is one of the main oil crops, which is harmed by many pathogenic microorganisms during growth and development period. Breeding and selection of disease-resistant varieties is one of the most economical and effective ways to control disease, and disease resistance genes are important genes for plant resistance to pathogenic microorganisms. Here, the whole genome-wide identification of peanut disease resistance genes was carried out for the first time. A total of 4156 candidate disease resistance genes were identified. Among them, 536, 490, 232, 182, and 149 genes were RLK, RLP, NL, CNL, and TNL, respectively. The distribution of disease resistance genes was uneven on chromosomes, and most of them were concentrated on chromosome B02. Transcriptome profiling revealed that 111 genes were specifically expressed in resistant materials, 104 genes were specifically expressed in susceptible materials, 2216 genes were expressed in both resistant and susceptible materials, while 1725 genes were not expressed in both resistant and susceptible materials. Two kinds of differentiate expressed R genes were identified, including five genes in the first group responded to the infection of Ralstonia solanacearum at specific time and 65 genes in the second group which exhibited higher expressions in resistant cultivar than susceptible cultivar. A candidate gene Arahy.5D95TJ was successfully validated by qRT-PCR. In this study, the identification and analysis of peanut disease resistance genes provides the important reference for further research of their functions and molecular breeding of peanut disease resistance. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on traits and assessment methods of stalk lodging resistance in maize ZHAO Xue, ZHOU Shun-Li Acta Agronomica Sinica    2022, 48 (1): 15-26.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.03055 Abstract （1342）   HTML （103）    PDF（pc） （959KB）（2803）       Knowledge map    Save Maize stalk lodging causes yield loss, decreases grain quality, increases harvest costs, and makes it impossible for grain dehydration after physiological maturity which limits mechanical grain harvest. Previous researches have been conducted to study the traits related to stalk lodging, including morphological and anatomical traits, chemical constituents of the plant and internode. However, there exist some disagreements, and lack quantitative studies on stalk lodging resistance. In this study, we review the evaluation methods and indicators of stalk lodging resistance, the determination methods of mechanical properties as well as analysis methods of stalk lodging related traits and some factors that may have effects on the results. Furthermore, we put forward the existing problems in previous researches on traits and evaluation indicators related to stalk lodging resistance and the contents need to be given further attention. These results provide a reference for further study of maize stalk lodging resistance traits and evaluation methods, lodging resistance breeding and optimization of cultivation measures. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Difference between bidirectional reflectance factor and directional-hemispherical reflectance factor spectra and its effect on the estimation of leaf chlorophyll content in wheat WANG Xue, WANG Wen-Hui, LI Dong, YAO Xia, ZHU Yan, CAO Wei-Xing, CHENG Tao Acta Agronomica Sinica    2023, 49 (2): 485-496.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.21005 Abstract （555）   HTML （12）    PDF（pc） （1228KB）（1781）       Knowledge map    Save Bidirectional reflectance factor (BRF) and directional-hemispherical reflectance factor (DHRF) spectra are two common types of reflectance measurements. However, most studies ignored the differences between BRF and DHRF spectra and their effects on the estimation of leaf chlorophyll content (LCC) while monitoring the biochemical parameters of crops. In this study, we collected leaf-level data from field trials of winter wheat with different varieties, densities, and nitrogen rates. We calculated the vegetation indices (VIs) and wavelet coefficients (WCs) based on BRF and DHRF spectra and then established their relationships with LCC. Finally, we evaluated the ability of VIs and WCs in reducing the differences between BRF and DHRF spectra, and their effects on LCC estimation. Results were as follows: (1) changes in BRF and DHRF were consistent with the variation of LCC, but there were significant differences between the two types of spectra, and the reflectance in BRF was higher than that in DHRF. (2) To some extent, the use of either VIs or WCs could eliminate the influence of the differences between BRF and DHRF spectra. For example, the Normalized Differential Red Edge Vegetation Index (NDRE) and the Red Edge Chlorophyll Index (CIred-edge) could reduce this effect (R2=0.930), but the performance of wavelet coefficients were better than those of NDRE and CIred-edge (R2=0.995). (3) The performance of VIs and WCs based on DHRF data was better than that of BRF data for LCC estimation. NDRE was the best among all VIs evaluated (DHRF: R2=0.957; BRF: R2=0.938; All: R2=0.892). Furthermore, the WC at the fourth scale of 765 nm [WF(4, 675)] was better than NDRE (DHRF: R2=0.985; BRF: R2=0.971; All: R2=0.973), and it had a stronger ability to eliminate the influence of the spectral differences on LCC estimation than NDRE (WF (4, 675): R2=0.973; NDRE: R2 = 0.892). In summary, there was a difference between BRF and DHRF data, and this difference could not be ignored directly. To some extent, the use of suitable VIs and WCs can eliminate the difference and improve the accuracy of LCC estimation. This study determined the differences between BRF and DHRF spectra of the same leaf samples of winter wheat, which provided a theoretical basis for establishing a unified model across BRF and DHRF spectra and improving the accurate estimation of LCC at the canopy level. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of shade priming on photosynthetic characteristics of soybean seedlings Yang GAO,Wei-Guo LIU,Shu-Xian LI,Ting LIU,Tao ZHOU,Yong-Li DU,Yi ZHANG,Bi-Qin LI,Wen-Yu YANG Acta Agronomica Sinica    2019, 45 (1): 91-99.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.84061 Abstract （887）   HTML （20）    PDF（pc） （269KB）（2389）       Knowledge map    Save Shade stress limits the further increase of soybean yield in intercropping. In order to investigate the effect of shade priming on photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of soybean seedlings, the growth of plants were undergone three stages of shade priming (S1), light recovery (S2), and shade stress (S3). The shade priming included shade signal (increasing the ration of far red with LED lamp of 730 nm) and shade stress. The treatments of the experiment were natural light (LLLL), shade-signal priming (LFLS), shade-stress priming (LSLS), and no priming (LLLS). The results showed that compared with LLLS, shade priming enhanced chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoid contents and total chlorophyll content in old and middle-age leaves significantly, while reduced chlorophyll a/b in old and young leaves. Except for the middle-age leaves of LSLS, both the net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of each leaf position of LFLS and LSLS were significantly increased. And there was no significant difference in intercellular carbon dioxide concentration in old and middle-age leaves between the primed plants and the non-primed plants. Compared with the control (LLLL), Fo, qp, NPQ, ΦPSII, ETR decreased, while Fv/Fm and Fv'/Fm' increased. Among them, the reduction of Fo in the primed was smaller than that in the control. The trend of the reduction of qp was LFLS > LLLS > LSLS in old leaves, while LSLS < LFLS < LLLS in middle-age leaves and LSLS > LFLS > LLLS in young leaves. ΦPSII, ETR considerably decreased as compared with the control, but there was no significant difference between the primed plants and the non-primed plants. Compared with LLLL, the increase of Fv'/Fm' in young leaves of the primed plants was greater than that of the non-primed plants, with the increase of 6.51%, 8.79%, and 12.05% (P < 0.05) in LLLS, LFLS, and LSLS, respectively. Therefore, by shade priming at S1, soybeans adapted to the light environment through the plasticity of photosynthetic characteristics and exhibited a stronger tolerance to shade stress occurring during S3. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic analysis of wheat dwarf mutant je0098 and molecular mapping of dwarfing gene FU Mei-Yu, XIONG Hong-Chun, ZHOU Chun-Yun, GUO Hui-Jun, XIE Yong-Dun, ZHAO Lin-Shu, GU Jia-Yu, ZHAO Shi-Rong, DING Yu-Ping, XU Yan-Hao, LIU Lu-Xiang Acta Agronomica Sinica    2022, 48 (3): 580-589.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.11015 Abstract （684）   HTML （26）    PDF（pc） （1240KB）（1976）       Knowledge map    Save Lodging easily causes severe decrease in wheat yields. Identification and utilization of favorable dwarfing genes is the key to develop new varieties with high yield and lodging resistance. In this study, a dwarf mutant je0098 as material was induced by EMS mutagenesis from Jing 411 (WT) and had fine characteristics in yield components. We mapped the dwarfing gene through genetic analysis of plant height, and combining with exon capture sequencing and genetic linkage analysis. Statistical analyses of plant height in three-year field experiment suggested that plant height of je0098 was 15 cm lower than that of WT. Histocytological analysis of je0098 and WT indicated that the internode cell length of je0098 was about 18% shorter than that of WT, suggesting that the shorter internode cell length caused the dwarfism of je0098. Gibberellic acid treatment showed that je0098 was a gibberellic acid-sensitive dwarf mutant. An F2 segregation population consisting of 344 individuals was constructed by crossing WT and je0098. Combining with the phenotypic data of F2:3 families, dwarf homozygous and tall individuals were selected to construct progeny pools. Exon capture sequencing was performed on the two parents and progeny pools, respectively. A quantitative trait locus (QTL) with effects on reduced height was identified on chromosome 2D. Based on SNPs detected by genome-wide sequencing, six KASP markers were developed on chromosome 2D to genotype F2 individuals. Genetic linkage map was constructed using QTL IciMapping. Combining with phenotype data of three-year field experiment, the dwarfing gene was mapped in the range of 20.77-28.84 Mb with genetic distance of 11.48 cM. These results will lay the foundation for further functional research of je0098 and its application in wheat breeding. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression and promoter activity of GhTFL1a and GhTFL1c in Upland cotton Xiao-Hong ZHANG,Gen-Hai HU,Han-Tao WANG,Cong-Cong WANG,Heng-Ling WEI,Yuan-Zhi FU,Shu-Xun YU Acta Agronomica Sinica    2019, 45 (3): 469-476.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.84082 Abstract （830）   HTML （13）    PDF（pc） （2194KB）（2665）       Knowledge map    Save In this study, we cloned the phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein GhTFL1a and GhTFL1c genes from Upland cotton, and analyzed their expression and promoter activity. The results of promoter structure prediction revealed that GhTFL1a promoter contains abscisic acid (ABA) responsiveness elements, drought-induced MYB binding sites and shoot-specific expression and light responsiveness elements, and the promoter region of GhTFL1c contains ethylene-responsive element, drought-induced MYB binding sites and salicylic acid (SA) responsiveness elements. Thus, we constructed the fusion vector pBI121-GhTFL1a-GUS and pBI121-GhTFL1c-GUS, respectively. Transient transformation of tobacco showed that both promoters had the activity to drive the expression of target gene GUS. Quantitative Real-time PCR result indicated that the expression profile of GhTFL1a and GhTFL1c was opposite during different photoperiod treatments of cultivated and semi-wild cotton. Meanwhile, the expression of GhTFL1a was induced by ABA, SA, and salt (NaCl), while GhTFL1c expression was induced by SA, gibberellin (GA) and ABA. Taken together, the results suggest that GhTFL1a and GhTFL1c might be involved in the regulation of response to abiotic stresses (SA and ABA), which could provide a solid foundation for further function identification. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of maize and soybean intercropping on soil physicochemical properties and microbial carbon metabolism in karst region QIAN Yu-Ping, SU Bing-Bing, GAO Ji-Xing, RUAN Fen-Hua, LI Ya-Wei, MAO Lin-Chun Acta Agronomica Sinica    2025, 51 (1): 273-284.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.43010 Abstract （315）   HTML （10）    PDF（pc） （1803KB）（1389）       Knowledge map    Save This study aimed to investigate the effects of corn and soybean belt intercropping on soil physicochemical properties and microbial community structure diversity in a karst area. Three planting models were established: corn and soybean intercropping (MSI), corn monocropping (MM), and soybean monocropping (SM). The Biolog-ECO microplate method was used to explore the impacts of these different planting patterns on the metabolic activity, diversity, and soil properties of soil microbial carbon sources, as well as their underlying mechanisms. The results showed that compared to MM and SM, the MSI model significantly increased the soil microbial community richness index (McIntosh index) by 11.90% (P < 0.05) and 58.40% (P < 0.01), respectively, and the AWCD value by 24.50% and 80.10%, respectively. The relative absorbance of carboxylic acids, amino acids, and phenolic acids increased significantly by 34.50%, 63.70%, and 61.80% on average, respectively. The carbon source metabolic fingerprint revealed that the MSI model enhanced the utilization of p-carboxylic acid carbon sources by increasing the metabolic activity of itaconic acid, and improved the utilization of amino acid carbon sources by boosting the metabolic activity of L-phenylalanine, L-threonine, and glycyl-glutamic acid. Additionally, the MSI model increased the utilization of polymer carbon sources via enhanced metabolic activity of Tween 40, Tween 80, and liver sugar. Furthermore, soil SOC under MSI treatment was significantly higher by 8.50% and 72.84% compared to MM and SM, respectively, while NH4+-N and TN contents were significantly increased by 46.70% and 33.30% compared to SM treatment, respectively. Principal component analysis revealed that the two extracted components explained 79.69% of the total variation in carbon source utilization. The overall carbon source metabolic capacity followed the order MSI > MM > SM, with the MSI soil microbial community demonstrating the strongest metabolic utilization of carboxylic acids, amino acids, and polymers. Redundancy analysis indicated that TN (53.50%) and SOC (30.90%) were the two most significant environmental factors influencing carbon source metabolic utilization. TN promoted the metabolic utilization of carboxylic acid and amino acid carbon sources, while SOC enhanced the utilization of amine and phenolic acid carbon sources. The preferential carbon metabolism observed in maize and soybean intercropping was primarily driven by the diversity of microbial community structure, and was further regulated by soil total nitrogen and organic matter content. These findings suggest that the interaction between microbial community structure and soil physicochemical properties may play a key role in the yield improvement and efficiency of soybean and corn intercropping systems. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Variation and Distribution of Seed Storage Protein Content and Composition among Different Rice Varieties ZHOU Li-Hui, LIU Qiao-Quan, ZHANG Chang-Quan, XU Yong, TANG Su-Zhu, et al. Acta Agron Sin    2009, 35 (5): 884-891.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2009.00884 Abstract （3148）      PDF（pc） （400KB）（5569）       Knowledge map    Save The crude protein contents (PC) in 351 varieties were measured by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and their distribution and classification were analyzed. The results showed that the average value of crude protein content in indica and japonica types were 13.2% and 12.2%, respectively, with an average of 12.42%. The range of those above was 10.8–16.8%, 9.3–17.7%, and 9.3–17.7%, respectively. It elucidated that PC was higher in indica rice than in japonica rice. The huge difference in ratios of varieties (lines) based on their PC showed the genetic disequilibrium between subspecies indica and japonica, for exsample, the ratio of japonica rice with low PC was eight times that of indica rice with low PC. According to the criterion classifying varieties with different protein contents, most of rice genotypes fell into the group with intermediate PC, and there was very small number of varieties with either high or low PC, especially with very high PC in japonica rice. However, we could find some extreme individuals which PC were very high/low, such as those with high PC: forage rice, early maturity varieties and indica-japonica hybrid progenies close to indica in the subspecies of indica, or close to japonica in the subspecies of japonica; and those with low PC: some japonica rice (but the PC not low enough), some overseas germplasms in indica. Thus it was not impossible to find out extreme germplasms on PC from landrace, overseas germplasms or india-japonica hybrid progenies etc., which are fine basic materials in genetic and breeding researchs. From the results of SDS-PAGE analysis of the total seed storage proteins among some representative varieties, we could know that the seed storage protein composition was different among different types of rice genotypes. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(15)

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Statistical Genetics Approach for Functional Difference Identification of Allelic Variations and Its Application HU Wen-Ming,KAN Hai-Hua,WANG Wei,XU Chen-Wu Acta Agron Sin    2014, 40 (01): 72-79.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2014.00072 Abstract （1076）   HTML （0）    PDF（pc） （961KB）（3060）       Knowledge map    Save Allelic variations are ubiquitous in organisms, and play important roles in regulating genes expression. In order to study the influence of number of varieties (A), average polymorphism information content (B) and total contribution of candidate genes (C) on the association analysis of candidate genes, the empirical Bayes (E-Bayes) method was applied to explore the effects of abovementioned three factors on the statistical power of candidate genes, the accuracy and precision of the estimates of genetic effects and the false discovery rate (FDR). Results were as follows: (1) With the increase of factors A, B, and C, the statistical power and the accuracy and precision of the estimates of genetic effects were all enhanced, meanwhile the FDR was decreased; (2) Factor B had a significant influence on the statistical power of candidate genes. When factor B was at a higher level, the averaged statistical power could still reach 80% even though both factors A and C remained at lower levels. When factor B was at a medium level, more varieties were needed to ensure that the statistical power could reach 80%. However, when factor B was at a lower level, even though factor A was equal to 100, the statistical power in three different levels of factor C could not reach 50%; (3) Factor B had a significant impact on the accuracy and precision of estimated effects of candidate genes. With the increase of factor B, both the accuracy and precision of effect estimates for candidate genes were improved simultaneously; (4) Factor B also had an important effect on FDR. Through a real data analysis in rice, four detected candidate genes were significantly associated with pasting temperature (PT) by our model. Therefore, the polymorphism information content is a primary factor for detecting the functional difference of alleles. In addition, more varieties and higher contribution rate also have important influence on the statistical power and the accuracy and precision of estimates of effects. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(2)

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Spectral characteristics of winter wheat canopy and estimation of aboveground biomass under elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentration HUANG Hong-Sheng, ZHANG Xin-Yue, JU Hui, HAN Xue Acta Agronomica Sinica    2024, 50 (4): 991-1003.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.31041 Abstract （375）   HTML （12）    PDF（pc） （871KB）（1609）       Knowledge map    Save The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration on the canopy spectral characteristics of winter wheat during the whole growth period and to establish quantitative relationships between above-ground biomass (AGB) and spectral parameters based on the screened sensitive bands. For this purpose, during the winter wheat growing season of 2021-2022, two treatment levels of atmospheric CO2 concentration (ACO2, (420±20) μL L-1) and elevated CO2 concentration (ECO2, (550±20) μL L-1) were set based on the Free Atmospheric CO2 Enrichment System (Mini-FACE), and the changes of spectral features were analyzed under elevated CO2 concentration. AGB sensitive bands were screened and the estimation models of AGB were constructed based on the successive projections algorithm (SPA), stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR), and partial least squares regression (PLSR). The results showed that elevated CO2 concentration significantly increased AGB in winter wheat at jointing and anthesis stages. The red-edge reflectance, near red edge reflectance, and red-edge area increased at jointing stage and decreased at anthesis and maturity stages. The positions of the blue-edge, yellow-edge, and red-edge were shifted at different growth stages. The sensitive spectral bands of AGB are mainly distributed in the red-edge and near red-edge bands, and the elevated CO2 concentration narrows the range of the sensitive bands of AGB, but does not affect the estimation of AGB. The SMLR and PLSR models of AGB both achieved high estimation accuracy (R2 > 0.8), where the characteristic parameters such as R799', Dy, SDy, and PRI in the SMLR model were significantly correlated with AGB, with an R2 of 0.866. The PLSR model (R2 > 0.9) outperformed the SMLR model in terms of estimation accuracy and stability. This study can provide the theoretical basis and technical methods for the remote sensing monitoring of winter wheat growth and development under elevated CO2 concentration in the future. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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ALGWAS: two-stage Adaptive Lasso-based genome-wide association study YANG Wen-Yu, WU Cheng-Xiu, XIAO Ying-Jie, YAN Jian-Bing Acta Agronomica Sinica    2023, 49 (9): 2321-2330.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.23072 Abstract （652）   HTML （45）    PDF（pc） （874KB）（2789）       Knowledge map    Save As mainstream methods for genome-wide association analysis, mixed linear model methods have been widely used. However, the existing methods still have the problem of low detection power. In this study, a two-stage Adaptive Lasso-based genome-wide association analysis (ALGWAS) method was proposed. In the first stage, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associated with target traits were screened by Adaptive Lasso, a variable selection method. In the second stage, SNPs selected from the first stage were put into the linear model as the covariates for genome-wide scanning. Compared with fastGWA, GEMMA and EMMAX, the ALGWAS method had the highest detection power and lower false discovery rate (FDR) in the simulation experiments. The above four methods were applied to genome-wide association analysis of Complete-diallel plus Unbalanced Breeding-like Inter-Cross (CUBIC) population of 1341 individuals in maize. ALGWAS method can detect the genes (ZmMADS69, ZmMADS15/31, ZmZCN8, and ZmRAP2.7) related to days to tasseling, the genes (ZmBRD1 and ZmBR2) related to plant height, and the genes (ZmUB2, ZmKRN2, and ZmCLE7) related to yield, while the other three commonly used genome-wide association analysis methods had low detection efficiency. In this study, a non-mixed linear model class of genome-wide association analysis method was proposed, which had higher detection advantage for microeffect polygenes and provided a new way for genetic analysis of complex traits. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of evaluation method for tolerance to high-temperature and screening of heat-tolerant germplasm resources of bud stage in soybean LI Jia-Jia, LONG Qun, ZHU Shang-Shang, SHAN Ya-Jing, WU Mei-Yan, LU Yun, ZHI Xian-Guan, LIAO Wei, CHEN Hao-Ran, ZHAO Zhen-Bang, MIAO Long, GAO Hui-Hui, LI Ying-Hui, WANG Xiao-Bo, QIU Li-Juan Acta Agronomica Sinica    2023, 49 (11): 2863-2875.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.34025 Abstract （881）   HTML （68）    PDF（pc） （530KB）（2406）       Knowledge map    Save The frequent occurrence of extreme high temperature (HT) events causes continuous heat damage to soybean production, which seriously damages the yield components and quality traits. The seeds are sensitive to the changes of the external environment at germination stage. The rising temperature and the accompanying drought will affect the emergence of soybean seeds. The establishment of a set of scientific evaluation methods for HT tolerance at bud stage can provide a theoretical basis for the early identification of soybean, the breeding of HT tolerance germplasm, and the study of tolerance mechanism. In this study, 385 germplasm resources varieties were selected as the experimental materials, which creating a HT environment by artificial climate incubator and subjected to HT-stress for 3 d (40℃, 16 h light /8 h darkness) at bud stage of soybean. Compared with the control (25℃, 16 h light /8 h darkness), the hypocotyl length of soybean bud stage was significantly decreased 10.9% under HT stress (P < 0.05). The indices of fresh root weight, dry root weight, and root-shoot ratio increased by 13.10%, 22.20%, and 16.90%, respectively (P<0.01). The results showed that HT-stress significantly affected the surface and underground biomass distribution of bud stage in soybean. Meanwhile, the principal component analysis for the coefficient of HT-tolerance for each trait converted 11 indexes into two principal component factors. The comprehensive evaluation value (H-value) of soybean response to HT-stress was obtained by the standardized analysis of membership function, and cluster analysis was conducted for the tested varieties based on H-value. Ultimately, 385 germplasm resources were divided into 5 grades for the HT-tolerance at bud stage in soybean [namely: Grade I (tolerance), Grade II (strong tolerance), Grade III (medium), Grade IV (strong sensitive), and Grade V (sensitive type)] and four HT-resistant varieties based on the specific performance (H245, H070, H268, and H216) were initially selected combined with the actual heat resistance performance. After the stepwise regression analysis of each index, a predictive model for the comprehensive evaluation of HT tolerance (H-value) at bud stage of soybean was established: H = 0.191 + 0.017X1 - 0.007X2 + 0.013X7 + 0.027X8 - 0.009X10 (R2=0.9752). Five indexes main including hypocotyl length (X1), main root length (X2), hypocotyl dry weight (X7), root fresh weight (X8), and simplified vigor index (X10) were screened out as the evaluation indexes for HT tolerance at bud stage in soybean. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics