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Isolation, Expression and Binding Function Analysis of the Transcription Factor GmMYB52 in Soybean XU Ling**,WANG Yuan-Cong**,HE Xiao-Lan,HUANG Yi-Hong,XU Zhao-Long,SHAO Hong-Bo*,ZHANG Da-Yong* Acta Agron Sin    2017, 43 (10): 1458-1467.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2017.01458 Abstract （764）   HTML （0）    PDF（pc） （5830KB）（1115）       Knowledge map    Save The MYB type transcription factors are involved in plant development and response to abiotic stress. GmMYB52 was significantly up-regulated after salt treatment. In order to gain more information about GmMYB52, GmMYB52 of Williams 82 was cloned by RT-PCR. Bioinformatic analysis showed the CDS of GmMYB52 was 1083bp, encoding 360 amino acid residues. A MYB domain was found in the region of 110 to 160 amino acid residues from N-terminal. Blast results showed that GmMYB52 that highly homologous to are GmMYB62, AtMYBSt1 from Arabidopsis, MtMYB52 from Medicago sativa, OsMYBS3 from Oryza sativa and CcMYB-like protein J from Cajanus Cajan. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) results indicated that the transcription level of GmMYB52 was upregulated under ABA and low temperature stresses, under salt, drought and cold stresses, show a bimodal pattern. GmMYB52 was nearly expressed in all detected tissues, except in pods at maturing stage, and its expression level was relatively higher at seedling or flowering stages than at maturing stage. The transcription level of GmMYB52 was high in stem, leaf, and flower, during seedling and blooming stages, and low in root and pods during maturity stage. Subcellular localization results showed that GmMYB52 was located in the nucleus which is in agreement with the localization characteristics of typical transcription factors. Yeast hybrid assay indicated that GmMYB52 had transcriptional activation functions and could bind to several MYB cis-acting element motifs. In conclusion GmMYB52is a typical 1R-MYB transcription factor, and able to bind MYB cis-acting element motifs. We speculate GmMYB52 is involved in response to the abiotic stress and ABA signal transduction pathway. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Inheritance and Mapping of Gene Controlling Four-Rowed Spike in Tetraploid Wheat ( Triticum turgidum L.) ZHANG Rui-Qi,WANG Xiu-E,CHEN Pei-Du Acta Agron Sin    2013, 39 (01): 29-33.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2013.00029 Abstract （1267）   HTML （0）    PDF（pc） （303KB）（1697）       Knowledge map    Save In hexaploid wheat and tetraploid wheat the spike normally bears one spikelet per rachis node, and the appearance of supernumerary spikelets is rare. The morphological character of four-rowed spikes (FRS) is one type of the supernumerary spikelets traits, presenting as two spikelets per rachis node. Thus, the grain yield of FRS plants can be enhanced because the numbers of spikelets and seeds of FRS are increased. To understand the genetic basis of FRS trait, the tetraploid FRS cultivar 0880 was crossed reciprocally to normal-spike (NS) cultivar 0879. The phenotypic evaluation of F1, F2, and F2:3 generations was conducted under greenhouse condition. The results indicated that all F1 plants of the reciprocal crosses showed normal spike, indicating that the FRS trait was recessive to normal spike. In the reciprocal F2 populations, the ratios of normal spike to four-rowed spike were 3:1 according to Chi-square test. This indicates that FRS trait is controlled by a recessive allele without cytoplasm effect, and the data from reciprocal crosses could be pooled. This single recessive allele of the FRS trait was designated frs1. A total of 600 SSR markers located on A and B genomes of common wheat were used to amplify the 0880, 0879, four-rowed pool, and normal-spike pool. Among them, 32 SSR markers showed polymorphism between the four-rowed-spike pool and the normal-spike pool. Eleven markers were identified to be linked with the frs1 locus in a genetic map of chromosome 2A. Markers Xwmc598 and Xwmc522 were located on both sides of frs1 with genetic distances of 4.0 cM and 2.4 cM, respectively. The placement of flanking microsatellite loci into chromosome deletion bin 2AS5 (FL 0.00–0.78) delimited the physical location of frs1 to this region. This map provides a basis for fine mapping of frs1 and marker-assisted selection of FRS trait. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(5)

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Photosynthetic Characteristics of Summer Maize (Zea mays L.) during the Late Growth Stage in Different Soil Texture WANG Qun;LI Chao-Hai;LUAN Li-Min;SONG Lian-Qi;GAO Su-Ling;LIU Song-Tao;HAN Jin-Feng Acta Agron Sin    2005, 31 (05): 628-633.   Abstract （1790）      PDF（pc） （248KB）（2210）       Knowledge map    Save Light is one of the important factors affecting development of corn and corn production (Zea mays L.), especially at silk stage later. Besides ecological factors, photosynthetic efficiency is affected by soil texture and mineral nutrition. Soil texture is one of the important soil physical propertie Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(33)

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Evolution and expression analysis of the choline monooxygenase gene family in plants Wang Ting, Duan Wu-Li, Wang Rui, Liu Hai-Lan Acta Agronomica Sinica    2026, 52 (1): 44-55.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.53046 Abstract （300）   HTML （5）    PDF（pc） （6864KB）（212）       Knowledge map    Save Glycine betaine (GB) is a compatible solute widely found in plants, animals, bacteria, and algae, where it plays a key role in regulating osmotic pressure and maintaining cellular water balance upon accumulation in the cytoplasm. As such, GB is crucial for plant responses to osmotic stress. Choline monooxygenase (CMO) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of GB in plants. Among 168 genomes analyzed in this study, 131 were found to contain homologous CMO genes, with a total of 169 CMO members identified. Selective pressure analysis revealed that most gene pairs have undergone purifying selection, while only seven gene pairs exhibited signs of positive selection. Phylogenetic analysis classified the CMO gene family into six subfamilies, with positive selection sites detected in five subfamilies except subfamily F. Further analysis of the Rieske domain and Ring-hydroxyl A domain showed a significant positive correlation between their dN/dS values, suggesting co-evolution. qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that the expression of CMO genes in maize was upregulated under MgSO4-induced stress. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the evolution and expression of the CMO gene family, offering a theoretical foundation for the future application of CMO genes in improving crop tolerance to abiotic stress. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Grain Filling Characteristics of Rice and Their Relationships to Physiological A ctivities of Grains Xie Guanghui;Yang Jianchang;Wabg Zhiqin;Zhu Qingsen Acta Agron Sin    2001, 27 (05): 557-565.   Abstract （1896）      PDF（pc） （264KB）（2637）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(76)

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Research progress and breeding application of resistance genetics to ear rot in maize Su Ai-Guo, Xiao Sen-Lin, Yi Hong-Mei, Duan Sai-Ru, Wang Shuai-Shuai, Zhang Ru-Yang, Xing Jin-Feng, Li Chun-Hui, Sun Xuan, Xu Rui-Bin, Xu Tian-Jun, Li Zhi-Yong, Zhang Yong, Wang Rong-Huan, Song Wei, Zhao Jiu-Ran Acta Agronomica Sinica    2026, 52 (1): 1-13.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.53053 Abstract （497）   HTML （33）    PDF（pc） （3406KB）（465）       Knowledge map    Save Ear rot is a significant disease in maize production, with ramifications for both yield and quality. Furthermore, the toxin produced by the pathogen poses a threat to human and animal health. The most efficacious method of controlling ear rot is to breed and plant highly resistant varieties of maize. A significant number of researchers have conducted in-depth studies on the resistance candidate genes and molecular genetic mechanisms in response to dominant pathogens. QTL and significant associated SNP loci related to ear rot resistance have been reported on all 10 chromosomes of maize. However, due to the complexity of pathogen infection and the fact that resistance is quantitative trait locus-controlled trait influenced by multiple genes, there are few examples of such research being applied to disease-resistant breeding. The present paper introduces the main pathogens of corn ear rot, their geographical distribution, factors influencing disease incidence, and toxin hazards. The present paper constitutes a review of recent research progress in the identification of FER (fusarium ear rot, FER) and GER (gibberella ear rot, GER) resistance genes and their molecular genetic mechanisms. Moreover, it provides an outlook for disease-resistant breeding. Advances in multi-omics joint analysis and the application of new biological technologies are expected to promote the identification of major resistance genes and the elucidation of molecular mechanisms. Consequently, this may lead to the accelerated creation of resistance germplasm and breeding for resistance to ear rot in maize. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic Differences in Homoeologous Group 1 of Seven Types of Winter Wheat Aimengniu CUI Fa,Chun-Hua, BAO Yi-Guang, ZONG Hao, WANG Yu-Hai, WANG Qiang-Zhuan, DU Bin, MA Hang-Yuan, WANG Hong-Gang Acta Agron Sin    2010, 36 (09): 1450-1456.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2010.01450 Abstract （2625）      PDF（pc） （437KB）（1636）       Knowledge map    Save Aimengniu (Hereafter AMN), cultivated by Shandong Agricultural University, is a renowned Chinese winter wheat germplasm. Knowing better its genetic component is of great value and necessity for its in-depth utilization and study. Purpose of this study is to reveal the genetic differences in detail among seven AMN-derived types. Both molecular markers and genomic in situ hybridization were used to identify translocation between 1B and 1R in seven AMN-derived types. PCR results of primers specific for 1R and 1B detected the presence of both 1RS and 1BL chromatin and absence of 1BS and 1RL in AMNII and AMNIV to VII, while AMNI and AMNIII contained common 1B chromatin. Genomic in situ hybridization confirmed the replacement of chromosome arm 1BS by 1RS in AMNII and AMNIV to VII, and a typical common wheat karyotype was contained in AMNI and AMNIII. In addition, genetic differences among seven AMN-derived types in homoeologous group 1 were detected by 138 polymorphic markers, and genotypic information for each and every one of seven AMN-derived types were represented. Specific segments of AMNV were detected by 3 markers, Xwmc336-Xmag1884 (1A)and Xgwm124 (1B), originating from Neuzucht and Aifeng3 respectively. The results above revealed that genetic differences exist among seven sister lines of germplasm AMN in homoeologous group 1, which will facilitate its further utilization and study. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(6)

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Starch Gelatinization and Retrogradation Properties under different Basic Fertilizer Regimes and Nitrogen Topdressing at Jointing Stage of Waxy Maize LU Da-Lei,WANG De-Cheng,JING Li-Quan,HAN Qing,GUO Huan-Fen, et al. Acta Agron Sin    2009, 35 (5): 867-874.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2009.00867 Abstract （2090）      PDF（pc） （224KB）（1481）       Knowledge map    Save Proper fertilizer managements can improve the starch gelatinization and retrogradation properties of waxy maize (Zea mays L. Ceratina Kulesh). The split-design experiment was conducted using waxy maize cultivar Suyunuo 4 with four main plots subjected to basal fertilizer treatments of N 75 kg ha-1, N 75 kg ha-1+K2O 70 kg ha-1, N 75 kg ha-1+P2O5 65 kg ha-1, and N 75 kg ha-1+P2O5 65 kg ha-1+K2O 70 kg ha-1, respectively in 2007 and 2008. The three split plots were topdressed with nitrogen of 0, 150, and 300 kg ha-1 at jointing stage, respectively. Though onset temperature (To), peak temperature (Tp) and conclusion temperature (Tc) of native starch and retrogradated starch were affected by fertilizer treatments, the variation was little. No significant effects were observed for basic fertilizer treatments on the enthalpy of gelatinization (ΔHgel), and for N topdressing treatments on gelatinization range (R) and peak height index (PHI). The R-value was the lowest in the treatment with only N and K in basal fertilizer, and the highest in the treatment with N, P, and K in basal fertilizer. The changes of PHI showed an opposite trend to R. The ΔHgel was the highest in the treatment with medium N topdressing (150 kg ha-1). Gelatinized starch became retrograded with lower To, Tp, Tc, enthalpy of retrogradation (ΔHret), and PHI, as well as wider R. Compared with the treatment of only N applied in basal fertilizer, the percentage of retrogradation and ΔHret decreased when P and/or K added in the basal fertilizer. The two indicators were higher in the treatments with N topdressing than without N topdressing. The percentage of retrogradation was positively correlated with ΔHret (r = 0.90, P < 0.01) and PHI of retrograded starch (r = 0.41, P < 0.05). ΔHgel was positively correlated with PHI (r = 0.65, P < 0.01) and ΔHret (r = 0.44, P < 0.05), but negatively correlated with Tc (r = -0.41, P < 0.05). It is recommended to apply balanced fertilization with N, P, and K combining with moderate N topdressing under conditions similar to the experiment to improve gelatinization and retrogradation properties of waxy maize starch. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(9)

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Wild segments associated with 100-seed weight and their candidate genes in a wild chromosome segment substitution line population LIU Cheng, ZHANG Ya-Xuan, CHEN Xian-Lian, HAN Wei, XING Guang-Nan, HE Jian-Bo, ZHANG Jiao-Ping, ZHANG Feng-Kai, SUN Lei, LI Ning, WANG Wu-Bin, GAI Jun-Yi Acta Agronomica Sinica    2022, 48 (8): 1884-1893.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.14140 Abstract （728）   HTML （38）    PDF（pc） （3578KB）（2415）       Knowledge map    Save Annual wild soybean is the ancestor of cultivated soybean. The 100-seed weight gradually increases in the long-term domestication process. Clarifying the genetic basis of this change is of great significance to the evolutionary research and variety improvement of soybean. In order to analyze the genetic basis of 100-seed weight during soybean domestication, a wild soybean chromosome segment substitution line population (SojaCSSLP5) composed of 177 whole-genome resequencing lines were used in this study. 13 QTLs/segments of 100-seed weight were detected by phenotypic evaluation in three different environments. All of 13 wild chromosome segments had the additive effect of reducing 100-seed weight, ranging from -0.49 g to -1.19 g, which was consistent with the smaller 100-seed weight of wild soybeans. These detected domesticated segments from 11 chromosomes explained 76.70% of the phenotypic variation, and the phenotypic contribution rate of a single segment ranged from 2.45% to 15.14%. The contribution rate of segments Gm03_LDB_15 and Gm12_LDB_46 exceeded 10%, which were major influence on the evolution of 100-seed weight of wild soybeans. Combined the transcriptome data and genome data of parental cultivated soybean Nannong 1138-2 and wild soybean N24852, a total of 13 candidate genes were predicted in these segments, and were involved in the pathways of plant seed size, including ubiquitin protein kinase regulatory pathway, G protein signal pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, plant hormone pathway, transcription regulator pathway, and IKU (HAIKU) pathway. Compared with previous QTLs mapping results with cultivated soybeans, 4 of the 13 QTLs/segments were newly detected in this study, indicating that 9 wild chromosome segments might be passed to cultivated soybeans during domestication, and the corresponding cultivated segments of these 4 wild segments may be unique evolutionary segments of cultivated soybean. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression pattern analysis and interaction protein screening of cassava MYB transcription factor MeMYB60 XU Zi-Yin, YU Xiao-Ling, ZOU Liang-Ping, ZHAO Ping-Juan, LI Wen-Bin, GENG Meng-Ting, RUAN Meng-Bin Acta Agronomica Sinica    2023, 49 (4): 955-965.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.24089 Abstract （844）   HTML （32）    PDF（pc） （5997KB）（3412）       Knowledge map    Save Myeloblastosis (MYB) transcription factors widely involve in a variety of physiological and biochemical processes in plants, and play important regulatory roles in response to abiotic stress in plant. Based on the expression pattern of MYB members in cassava cultivars, an R2R3-MYB transcription factor, namely MeMYB60 was screened and cloned. Gene expression characteristics showed that MeMYB60 was specifically expressed in leaves of cassava, and negatively regulated by drought stress and low temperature. Moreover, this gene was also responded to ABA treatment in leaves of cassava. Promoter activity analysis showed that MeMYB60 could be expressed in guard cells, indicating that the expression of this transcription factor gene may be related to stomatal movement regulation in cassava. MeMYB60 protein was predominately located in the nucleus and had transcriptional activation activity. Its transcriptional activation domain was in the range of 194th-343rd amino acid residues at the C-terminal of the protein. The cDNA library of drought stressed cassava leaves was screened by using the 1st-194th amino acid residues at the N-terminal of MeMYB60 protein as bait. Subsequently, 18 proteins had been that may interact with MeMYB60. Yeast-two-hybrid analysis determined that MeCatlase1 and MeCataase2 are potential interactors of MeMYB60, respectively. These results lay a foundation for further functional study of MeMYB60 in cassava in response to abiotic stress and are helpful for the regulatory network investigation of MeMYB60. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Breeding strategy for synergistic improvement of yield, disease resistance, and stress tolerance in Shumai 753 using the wheat landrace Xiaoganmai Ma Ting-Ting, Guo Xiao-Jiang, Li Hao, Deng Mei, Pu Zhi-En, Li Wei, Zhang Ya-Zhou, Wang Feng-Tao, Cui Feng-Juan, Wei Yu-Ming, Wang Ji-Rui, Jiang Yun-Feng, Chen Guo-Yue Acta Agronomica Sinica    2026, 52 (1): 56-71.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.51065 Abstract （183）   HTML （3）    PDF（pc） （8211KB）（75）       Knowledge map    Save The Sichuan wheat region is the most important early-maturing winter wheat production area in Southwest China, where increasing the number of effective spikes per unit area (i.e., spike capacity or effective tillers per plant) is key to further enhancing yield potential. The wheat landrace ‘Xiaoganmai’ from Dangyang, Hubei, exhibits stable resistance to stripe rust and pre-harvest sprouting, along with desirable agronomic traits such as multiple effective tillers and fertile spikelets, making it a promising genetic resource for wheat improvement and innovation in the Sichuan wheat region. Among yield components, the number of effective spikes per unit area has become the primary limiting factor for the breeding line ‘Shumai 753’. To optimize the yield structure of ‘Shumai 753’ by improving spike capacity through enhanced tillering, and to simultaneously improve yield, disease resistance, and stress tolerance by pyramiding genes for stripe rust and pre-harvest sprouting resistance, this study used progenies of ‘Xiaoganmai’—characterized by prolific tillering, strong resistance to pre-harvest sprouting, and adult-plant resistance to stripe rust—as donors, and ‘Shumai 753’—which harbors all-stage stripe rust resistance genes and exhibits favorable agronomic traits—as the recipient. Through hybridization, backcrossing, continuous multi-generational selfing, and a "segmented" target-trait selection strategy, 178 stable advanced-generation lines from the Shumai 753 × Xiaoganmai cross were developed. Phenotypic evaluations showed significant improvements in effective tiller number, grains per spike, and spikelets per spike in the derived lines compared to ‘Shumai 753’. All advanced lines exhibited more effective tillers than the recipient parent, with only four lines showing fewer spikelets, and the average grain number per spike exceeded 70. Correlation and path analysis of yield-related traits revealed that effective tiller number had a direct and highly significant positive effect on yield, indicating that using ‘Xiaoganmai’ to improve spike capacity is an effective strategy for enhancing the yield potential of ‘Shumai 753’. By integrating phenotypic and genotypic data, two breakthrough lines with yield potential exceeding 8250 kg hm-2 were identified. Additionally, genotyping for resistance loci revealed one line carrying Yr18+Yr24/26+Yr15, conferring broad-spectrum stripe rust resistance, and nine lines harboring TaMyb10 alleles associated with strong pre-harvest sprouting resistance. These findings demonstrate that utilizing the wheat landrace ‘Xiaoganmai’ in a segmented target-trait selection strategy provides a practical and effective approach for reconstructing the yield architecture of ‘Shumai 753’ and achieving synergistic improvements in yield, disease resistance, and stress tolerance in the Sichuan wheat region. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Photosynthesis Efficiency of Maize Hybrids with Different Yield in the Later Growth Stage Li Chaohai;Liu Kui Acta Agron Sin    2002, 28 (03): 379-383.   Abstract （1908）      PDF（pc） （271KB）（1719）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(40)

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ALGWAS: two-stage Adaptive Lasso-based genome-wide association study YANG Wen-Yu, WU Cheng-Xiu, XIAO Ying-Jie, YAN Jian-Bing Acta Agronomica Sinica    2023, 49 (9): 2321-2330.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.23072 Abstract （810）   HTML （45）    PDF（pc） （874KB）（3201）       Knowledge map    Save As mainstream methods for genome-wide association analysis, mixed linear model methods have been widely used. However, the existing methods still have the problem of low detection power. In this study, a two-stage Adaptive Lasso-based genome-wide association analysis (ALGWAS) method was proposed. In the first stage, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associated with target traits were screened by Adaptive Lasso, a variable selection method. In the second stage, SNPs selected from the first stage were put into the linear model as the covariates for genome-wide scanning. Compared with fastGWA, GEMMA and EMMAX, the ALGWAS method had the highest detection power and lower false discovery rate (FDR) in the simulation experiments. The above four methods were applied to genome-wide association analysis of Complete-diallel plus Unbalanced Breeding-like Inter-Cross (CUBIC) population of 1341 individuals in maize. ALGWAS method can detect the genes (ZmMADS69, ZmMADS15/31, ZmZCN8, and ZmRAP2.7) related to days to tasseling, the genes (ZmBRD1 and ZmBR2) related to plant height, and the genes (ZmUB2, ZmKRN2, and ZmCLE7) related to yield, while the other three commonly used genome-wide association analysis methods had low detection efficiency. In this study, a non-mixed linear model class of genome-wide association analysis method was proposed, which had higher detection advantage for microeffect polygenes and provided a new way for genetic analysis of complex traits. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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New Gene Discovery of Crops in China: Status, Challenging, and Perspective QIU Li-Juan, GUO Yong, LI Yu, WANG Xiao-Bei, ZHOU Guo-An, LIU Zhang-Xiong, ZHOU Shi-Rong, LI Xin-Hai, MA Wei-Zhi, WANG Jian-Kang, WAN Jian-Min Acta Agron Sin    2011, 37 (01): 1-17.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.00001 Abstract （4486）      PDF（pc） （376KB）（13010）       Knowledge map    Save Gene discovery is the basis of molecular breeding in crops. The progress of gene discovery study of major crops such as rice, wheat, maize, soybean, cotton and oilseed rape in China during the past ten years was analyzed and reviewed in this paper. Gene discovery of crops in China has also made a series of breakthroughs: (1) A number of distinctive gene discovery materials were created, such as core germplasm based on crop genetic diversity, genetic population based on excellent genetic resources, mutants derived from artificial mutation, and so on. (2) Technology and methods of gene discovery were developed, especially the integration of various gene discovery technologies and improvement of biometric algorithm of gene/QTLs, and therefore the efficiency of gene discovery was improved. (3) Mapping markers and genes related to agronomic traits of crops has become a common method for genetic studies. A number of genes/QTLs associated with disease resistance, stress tolerance, quality, nutrient efficiency and yield have been mapped, of which more than 500 genes have been fine mapping. (4) Gene cloning and functional study in crops especially in rice become more and more important in the world. More than 300 genes have been cloned in the main crops, among which more than 70 genes have been functional validated in crops. With the development of genome sequence technology, gene discovery of crops become more and more efficient, large-scale and practical. However, the quality and quantity of crop gene discovery is still far from meeting the needs of molecular breeding of crops and the overall level of gene discovery has still fallen behind developed countries in the world. The development of gene discovery in different crops is uneven, the number of genes discovered is relatively limited and discovered genes with great value is still scare. Focused on the problems of gene discovery in China and the challenges of biotechnology companies in the worldwide, the strategy of crops gene discovery in China was proposed in this paper, including improvement of the efficiency of gene discovery, enhancement of gene cloning and the value of important genes, and the orientation of the development needs of biotechnology industry. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(9)

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Effect of planting density on light interception within canopy and grain yield of different plant types of maize Yan-Wen BAI,Yong-Hong YANG,Ya-Li ZHU,Hong-Jie LI,Ji-Quan XUE,Ren-He ZHANG Acta Agronomica Sinica    2019, 45 (12): 1868-1879.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.93011 Abstract （1397）   HTML （46）    PDF（pc） （976KB）（2136）       Knowledge map    Save The objective of this study was to clarify the relationship between light interception in canopy and dry matter production and grain yield in different plant types of maize. The response of morphological characteristics, canopy light distribution, grain filling parameters and dry matter accumulation were studied using three different maize hybrids Shaandan 609 (SD609, compact), Qinlong 14 (QL14, semi-compact), and Shaandan 8806 (SD8806, flat) with four plant densities (4.5×10 4, 6.0×10 4, 7.5×10 4, and 9.0×10 4plants hm -2) in the field from 2016 to 2017. The average yields of SD609, QL14, and SD8806 were 12,176, 9624, and 8533 kg hm -2, respectively, within two years, reaching high yields under 9.0×10 4, 7.5×10 4, and 6×10 4 plants hm -2, with the yield increase of 26.9%, 20.4%, and 19.7% compared with those under 4.5×10 4 plants hm -2, respectively. With the increase of plant density, leaf area decreased, but LAI and leaf orientation value increased. The middle leaves of SD609 were more upright and larger than those of QL14 under 9×10 4 plants hm -2. With increasing plant density, Dmax (days to the maximum grain-filling rate), Wmax (kernel weight at the maximum grain filling rate), Gmax (maximum grain-filling rate), Gave (average grain-filling rate) and P (active filling period) decreased, the Dmax for SD609 was 1.4 days and 3.0 days earlier than that of QL14 and SD8806, and the Wmax and P were higher than those of SD636 (0.3 g and 3.3 d) and SD8806 (1.1 g and 5.4 d), respectively. The dry matter accumulation after silking and the contribution of dry matter transportation to grain yield increased and then decreased with the increase of plant density, the accumulation, transportation and contribution to grain of dry matter after anthesis were higher in SD609 than QL14 (5.1%, 36.0%, 33.5%) and SD8806 (26.6%, 46.7%, 59.1%). The light interception in the ear canopy was significantly correlated with yield (r = 0.631, P < 0.05), the dry matter accumulation after silking (r = 0.661) and average grain filling rate (r = 0.859) at P < 0.01. Thus, compared with QL14 and SD8806, SD609 could regulate the mid and upper leaves more vertical under close planting, improve the light distribution in the mid and lower canopy, maintain a higher area of green leaves, delay the senescence of canopy leaves, increase dry matter accumulation after anthesis and grain filling rate, so obtain a higher grain yield. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Function and application of calcium in plant growth and development WANG Yu, GAO Geng-Dong, GE Meng-Meng, CHANG Ying, TAN Jing, GE Xian-Hong, WANG Jing, WANG Bo, ZHOU Guang-Sheng, FU Ting-Dong Acta Agronomica Sinica    2024, 50 (4): 793-807.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.34145 Abstract （2617）   HTML （154）    PDF（pc） （4101KB）（1504）       Knowledge map    Save Calcium is one of the essential elements in crops. It is widely present in roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds, and is of great significance for the growth and development of crops. Calcium is a difficult element to redistribute, and its absorption and transport are subject to transpiration. Therefore, crops often experience physiological calcium deficiency, which weakens their stress resistance and reduces both yield and quality. Calcium in crops has dual functions. It not only participates in the formation of cell walls and membranes but also plays a role in responding to various environmental stimuli and internal growth and development signals as an intracellular second messenger. The absorption and transportation of calcium in cells are essential for maintaining intracellular calcium homeostasis and ensuring calcium signal transduction. In recent years, the function and application of calcium in crops have been extensively studied. In this study, we describe the distribution, absorption, transportation, and demand of calcium in crops, introduce the symptoms and causes of calcium deficiency in crops, review the nutritional structure functions of calcium, the second messenger function and the mechanism of calcium signal generation, transmission, and decoding, and summarize the role of calcium in crop growth and development, including its effects on yield, quality, and stress resistance. Meanwhile, the future research direction is proposed. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances on Methodologies for Genome-wide Association Studies in Plants FENG Jian-Ying,WEN Yang-Jun,ZHANG Jin,ZHANG Yuan-Ming Acta Agron Sin    2016, 42 (07): 945-956.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2016.00945 Abstract （1835）   HTML （8）    PDF（pc） （950KB）（5535）       Knowledge map    Save Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been widely used in human, animal and plant genetics, and many new approaches and their softwares have been developed in recent years. To make a better use of the GWAS methods in applied research, in this study we summarized the advances on methodologies and softwares for GWAS. First, LD score regression was introduced to investigate the effect of population structure on GWAS. Then, the main approaches and their softwares for GWAS in plants were reviewed, including a single-locus model, a multi-locus model, epistasis, and multiple correlated traits. Finally, we prospected the future developments in GWAS. It should be noted that, in real data analysis at present, the methodologies for genome-wide single-marker scan under polygenic background and population structure controls are widely used, and the corresponding results are complementary to those derived from non-parameter approaches with high false discovery rate. However, the future approaches for GWAS should be based on the multi-locus genetic model, QTN-by-environment interaction, epistatic detection and multivariate analysis. Our purpose was to provide beneficial information in theoretical and applied researches. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(1)

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Investigation Based on cdna-aflp Approach for Differential Expressed Genesis Responding to Deficient-Pi in Wheat GU Jun-Tao,BAO Jin-Xiang,WANG Xiao-Ying,GUO Cheng-Jin,LI Xiao-Juan,LU Wen-Jing Acta Agron Sin    2009, 35 (9): 1597-1605.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2009.01597 Abstract （3892）      PDF（pc） （331KB）（4314）       Knowledge map    Save To date, differential expression genes in response to deficient-Pi stress have been identified and well studied in Arabidopsis thaliana, and totally 612 up-regulated and 254 down-regulated genes with various functions were reported. However, there is no similar report in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In this study, seedlings of wheat cultivar Shixin 828 with high phosphorus use efficiency were treated with 20 µmol L - 1 Pi for 1 to 144 h, and the differential expressed sequence tags (ESTs) with up-regulated and down-regulated patterns were investigated based on cDNA-AFLP approach after deficient-Pi treatment for short term ( 1–6 h ), medium term ( 12–48 h ), and long term ( 72–144 h ). A total of 142 nonredundant ESTs with up-regulated pattern were identified, in which 23, 53, and 66 ESTs expressed in treatments of short, medium, and long term, respectively. Simultaneously, 94 nonredundant ESTs with down-regulated pattern were detected in treatments of short (17), medium (39), and long term (38). These ESTs were classified into several functional groups with BLAST in GenBank. Except for 44 function-unknown ESTs with the up-regulated pattern, the remained up-regulated ESTs conferred functions of signal transduction, transcription regulation, metabolism, stress response, development, transport, and lipid metabolism. Besides the above functions, protein synthesis and protein degradation were also observed in the down-regulated ESTs. Some genes of transcription factors (such as the transcription factor genes with high homologous to rice OsPTF1 and Arabidospsis ZAT10), mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK1a), calcium-dependent protein kinase (CPK1A), and protein kinase (such as serine/threonine kinase), high-affinity phosphate transporter (PHT3 and PT2), peroxidase (such as peroxidase 73) and glutathione (glutathione S-transferase) were specifically up-regulated under deficient-Pi condition. This suggested that they might play important roles in promoting adaptation to deficient-Pi environment. Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(3)

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Genetic analysis and molecular identification of a small kernel mutant mn-like1 in maize YUAN Xin, ZHAO Zhuo-Fan, ZHAO Rui-Qing, LIU Xiao-Wei, ZHENG Ming-Min, LIU Yu-Sheng, DONG Hao-Sheng, DENG Li-Juan, CAO Mo-Ju, HUANG Qiang Acta Agronomica Sinica    2025, 51 (6): 1569-1581.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.43056 Abstract （327）   HTML （11）    PDF（pc） （21836KB）（172）       Knowledge map    Save The kernel serves as the primary storage organ in maize, and its proper development requires on an adequate carbohydrate supply and efficient nutrient transport channels. In this study, we identified a natural mutant, small kernel 18 (smk18), exhibiting defects in kernel development. After multi-year and multi-location field trials, the smk18 mutant trait remained genetically stable. Segregation analysis of the (B73 × smk18) F2 population revealed that the mutant phenotype was controlled by a single recessive gene. The smk18 mutant was backcrossed to the inbred line RP125 for five generations to construct the near-isogenic mn-like1 (RP125smk18 smk18). Phenotypic evaluation showed that mn-like1 exhibited increased plant height and ear height compared to RP125, whereas hundred-kernel weight, kernel length, and kernel width were significantly reduced. Through molecular mapping, we localized the causal gene between Indel 4 and Indel 5 on chromosome 2. Within this interval, the Miniature1 (Mn1) gene had been previously reported to encode a cell wall invertase (INCW2) essential for carbohydrate transport during early kernel development. Sequencing of the Mn1 coding sequence (CDS) in mn-like1 revealed a 9-bp deletion in exon 5, leading to the loss of three amino acids (positions 409-411) in the Mn1 protein and alterations in its structure. Expression analysis showed that Mn1 transcript levels were significantly reduced in mn-like1 kernels at 13 days after pollination (DAP). An allelism test between mn-like1 and the transposon insertion mutant mn1-mu confirmed that mn-like1 is a novel allelic variant of Mn1. Further subcellular localization studies, carbohydrate quantification, and glycogen staining indicated that Mn1 is specifically expressed in the basal transfer layer of the endosperm. Mutation of Mn1 disrupted carbohydrate transport, leading to a significant reduction in sucrose and starch content in mn-like1 kernels, ultimately resulting in kernel developmental defects. In conclusion, this study expands the repertoire of Mn1 mutants in diverse genetic backgrounds and provides valuable genetic resources for elucidating the regulatory mechanisms of Mn1 in kernel development and the catalytic function of Mn1 protein. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic Basis of the High-Tillering Dwarf Trait in the Rice DUS Test Standard Variety Cong’ai 2 WANG Tao,YUAN Shou-Jiang,YIN Liang,ZHAO Jin-Feng,WAN Jian-Min,LI Xue-Yong Acta Agron Sin    2012, 38 (10): 1766-1774.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2012.01766 Abstract （2271）      PDF（pc） （424KB）（3104）       Knowledge map    Save Cong’ai 2 (cl2), one of the standard varieties of rice DUS test in China, shows typical high-tillering dwarf phenotype.Genetic analysis showed that this trait is controlled by a single recessive nucleus gene, which was mapped between two InDel markers C4-CL5 and C4-CL4 on the long arm of chromosome 4. Between these two markers, there is a known gene D17/HTD1, mutations in which caused high-tillering dwarf phenotype. Sequencing analysis of the D17/HTD1 allele in cl2 revealed that the 1796th base was substituted from C to T, changing the 599th amino acid from proline to leucine. Another high-tillering dwarf mutant S1-40 was obtained from japonica variety Nipponbare mutagenized by EMS. The 3' splicing site of the 3rd intron of D17/HTD1 was substituted from AG to AA,which caused the formation of two aberrant transcripts in S1-40. D17/HTD1 encodes the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 7 (CCD7), which is a key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of a new plant hormone strigolactones (SLs). Exogenous application of GR24, a synthetic analogue of SLs, inhibited the tillering phenotype of cl2. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that CCD7 homologs existed in almost all plant species. Real-time RT-PCR showed D17/HTD1 was expressed in all rice tissues examined, with the highest expression in stems. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genome-wide Analysis and Expression Profiling of SPS Gene Family in Brassica nupus L. Li ZHANG, Hong-Ju JIAN, Bo YANG, Ao-Xiang ZHANG, Chao ZHANG, Hong YANG, Li-Yuan ZHANG, Lie-Zhao LIU, Xin-Fu XU, Kun LU, Jia-Na LI Acta Agronomica Sinica    2018, 44 (02): 197-207.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.00197 Abstract （1257）   HTML （17）    PDF（pc） （2747KB）（1758）       Knowledge map    Save Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) is the rate-limiting enzyme that controls the sucrose biosynthesis in plants and has great influence on transportation and accumulation of photosynthate. In this study, we identified 11 members of the SPS gene family in the oilseed rape (Brassica nupus L.) genome. These SPS genes were classed into clusters A, B, and C according to gene structure and phylogenetic relationship. Gene structure prediction indicated that BnSPS genes were highly conserved, in which BnSPSC-1 consisted five exons and others consisted 11-15 exons. Promoter cis-element analysis indicated that BnSPS genes had not only essential responsive elements but also some types of elements potentially responsive to stresses or hormone responses. The qRT-PCR assay showed tissue-specific expressions of BnSPS genes with rich expressions of BnSPSA1 in flower, BnSPSB in leaf, bud and flower, BnSPSC in leaf, and BnSPSA2 in various tissues. The relative expression levels of BnSPSA1 and BnSPSC were higher in high-biomass rapeseed varieties than in low-biomass rapeseed varieties, whereas, that of BnSPSB was higher in low-biomass rapeseed varieties, suggesting that SPS genes are closely ralated to biological yield of rapeseed. This study provides basic information for functional study and utilization of BnSPS genes. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Coordination of root growth and leaf senescence in cotton WANG Su-Fang,XUE Hui-Yun,ZHANG Zhi-Yong,TANG Ju-Xiang Acta Agronomica Sinica    2020, 46 (01): 93-101.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.94043 Abstract （934）   HTML （21）    PDF（pc） （301KB）（2348）       Knowledge map    Save Two cotton cultivars, Baimian 1 and DP99B, were used to investigate the root growth and vigor, leaf senescence and yield in the field during 2011-2012. Baimian 1 produced higher cotton fiber yield than DP99B during two years. Baimian 1 had better leaf photosynthetic rate or performance index based on light energy absorption, higher root length density (RLD) and better root distribution, and higher root vigor than DP99B, evidenced by higher volume of bleeding sap, in which higher percentage of protein contents was contained. In 2012, DP99B had faster root growth with higher RLD at middle August and higher root vigor at late July than Baimian 1, and the total xylem sap amount of DP99B was 1.7 times that of Baimian 1. After bloom peaking, the higher density of root, more bleeding sap and slower leaf senescence showed the coordination to a great extent, confirming that leaf senescence is regulated by root growth and root vigor in later cotton growth season. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Microbial community succession during in situ degradation of potato stems and leaves ZENG Yu, GUO Hua-Chun, YANG Yong-Tao, WANG Yu-Long, HE An-Le, WANG Qiong, BAI Lei, LI Jun, ZHANG Rui Acta Agronomica Sinica    2025, 51 (11): 3038-3051.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.54054 Abstract （183）   HTML （5）    PDF（pc） （1404KB）（210）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the decomposition characteristics, nutrient release patterns, and dynamics of microbial community structure across different parts of potato straw, this study employed the nylon mesh bag method. Fresh stem, leaf, and whole-plant straw (not previously returned to the field) were used as controls, with three treatments: stem decomposition (S), leaf decomposition (L), and whole-plant decomposition (W). Samples were collected at 30, 60, 90, and 120 days after soil incorporation to assess differences in decomposition behavior, nutrient release, and microbial community composition under each treatment. The results showed that cumulative decomposition rates for stem, leaf, and whole-plant straw followed a rapid-then-slow pattern, with leaves exhibiting the highest decomposition rate of 67.96% during the first 30 days, compared to 52.43% and 40.22% for whole-plant and stem, respectively. The cumulative nutrient release rates across treatments followed the order K > P > N. By day 120, nitrogen release was highest from leaves, while phosphorus release was highest from stems. In terms of microbial diversity, both bacterial and fungal α-diversity showed an initial increase followed by a decline, peaking at day 90. The dominant bacterial phyla were Proteobacteria (34.57%-62.44%) and Actinobacteriota (10.64%-33.79%), while fungal communities were dominated by Ascomycota (87.35%-99.77%). Leaf and whole-plant treatments significantly increased the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota, whereas stem decomposition significantly enhanced the relative abundance of Firmicutes. At the genus level, dominant bacterial genera included unclassified_f__Rhizobiaceae (2.31%-13.57%), Devosia (2.29%-10.27%), and Gordonia (0.29%-11.07%), while dominant fungal genera included Gibellulopsis (10.56%-59.85%), unclassified_f__Plectosphaerellaceae (8.29%-44.16%), and Plectosphaerella (8.92%-44.88%). Correlation analysis revealed that bacterial genera such as Steroidobacter and Bacillus were strongly positively correlated with cumulative decomposition rates but negatively correlated with residual straw nutrients. In contrast, fungal genera such as Zopfiella and Arthrobotrys were positively correlated with both decomposition rates and nutrient release. In conclusion, leaf straw decomposed most efficiently within the first 30 days, while whole-plant and stem straw showed relatively effective decomposition between 60 and 120 days. All treatments enhanced microbial richness, diversity, and species abundance within 90 days. Compared to bacterial genera, fungal genera played a more prominent role in promoting straw decomposition and nutrient release. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Functional study of the BnGCL1 gene in ramie ( Boehmeria nivea L.) in response to drought stress Liu Hai-Bo, Zhang Lei, Wang Li-Qi, Shi Xiao-Li, Zhou Wen-Ying, Cui Guo-Xian, She Wei Acta Agronomica Sinica    2026, 52 (1): 14-27.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.54037 Abstract （179）   HTML （11）    PDF（pc） （13983KB）（184）       Knowledge map    Save Drought is one of the major environmental stresses that affects plant growth and development. In this study, the functional role of the BnGCL1 gene in the drought stress response of ramie (Boehmeria nivea L.) was investigated. The results showed that the gene contains a maximum open reading frame (ORF) of 1581 bp, encoding a protein of 526 amino acids. The predicted protein has an isoelectric point of 5.79, a molecular weight of 59,123.98 Da, a fat index of 78.78, and an instability index of 37.42, indicating that it is a stable protein. BnGCL1 is expressed in the roots, stems, and leaves of ramie, and its expression is induced by drought stress. Under drought conditions, transgenic plants overexpressing BnGCL1 exhibited significantly greater root length, fresh weight, chlorophyll a, and chlorophyll b contents compared to wild-type plants. In addition, the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as APX and γ-GCL, as well as the levels of osmotic regulators including GSSG and Pro, were significantly altered. Overexpression of BnGCL1 also markedly upregulated the expression of drought-responsive genes, including AtGST1, AtGST11, AtNCED3, and AtWRKY40, suggesting that BnGCL1 enhances drought tolerance by modulating the antioxidant defense system and drought-responsive signaling pathways. Gene silencing experiments using VIGS technology further confirmed that suppression of BnGCL1 reduces drought tolerance in ramie, highlighting its critical role in drought response. This study reveals the important function of BnGCL1 under drought stress and provides a theoretical foundation for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of drought tolerance and for breeding drought-resistant ramie varieties. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Reaction of Wheat- Thinopyrum Progenies and Wheat Germplasm to Sharp Eyespot LI Hong-Jie,WANG Xiao-Ming,CHEN Huai-Gu,LI Wei,LIU Dong-Tao,ZHANG Hui-Yun Acta Agron Sin    2013, 39 (06): 999-1012.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2013.00999 Abstract （1076）   HTML （2）    PDF（pc） （462KB）（1642）       Knowledge map    Save The objectives of this study were to test reactions of wheat-Thinopyrum derivatives and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars and breeding lines to sharp eyespot (caused by Rhizoctonia cerealis Van der Hoeven) and to understand the relationship between Thinopyrum chromosomes and sharp eyespot resistance. Using field nursery tests, 321 common wheat accessions and 56 wheat-Thinopyrum derivatives were tested in Xuzhou and Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. In Xuzhou, none of the accessions was highly resistant, while 52 accessions (including 34 common wheat accessions) were moderately resistant. Six common wheat cultivars, i.e., Xiaonong 8506-1, Xiaoyan 81, Jizhi 4001, Nongda 195, Xuzhou 8913, and Jingdong 3066A-3, had the relative resistance index greater than 0.7. In Nanjing, all the common wheat entries were moderately or highly susceptible. Only five accessions in wheat-Thinopyrum progenies showed moderately resistant reaction. The chromosome addition, substitution, and translocation lines TA3513, TA3516, TA351, and TA3519 involving chromosome 4Ai#2 or 4Ai#2S of Th. intermedium and the chromosome substitution line SS767 involving homoeologous group 4 chromosome of Th. ponticum had the disease indexes smaller than the susceptible controls Sumai 3 and Yangmai 158, as well the moderately resistant controls Annong 8455 and Ningmai 9. This indicated that the homoeologous group 4 chromosomes from Th. intermedium and Th. ponticum were most likely associated with the reduction of disease indexes. Genomic in situ hybridization using St genomic DNA from Pseudoroegneria strigos as a probe demonstrated that chromosome 4Ai#2 belongs to Js genome of Th. intermedium and the homoeologous group 4 chromosome of Th. ponticum belongs to J genome. Although sharp eyespot and eyespot develop similar shapes of symptoms on the basal stems of wheat, the eyespot resistance genes Pch1 and Pch2 carried by the wheat cultivars Madsen and Cappelle-Desprez, respectively, were not effective against sharp eyespot. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(1)

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Identification and expression pattern analysis of RopGEF family genes in Chenopodium quinoa Jing Xiu-Qing, Cai Yong-Duo, Deng Ning, Zhao Xiao-Dong, Zhai Fei-Hong, Zeng Qun Acta Agronomica Sinica    2026, 52 (1): 28-43.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.51069 Abstract （119）   HTML （5）    PDF（pc） （3010KB）（87）       Knowledge map    Save In plants, RopGEF-mediated ROP signaling plays a crucial role in cellular signaling pathways. In this study, seven RopGEF family members were identified in Chenopodium quinoa through bioinformatics analysis and were found to be distributed across six chromosomes. Based on phylogenetic relationships and structural characteristics, 90 RopGEFs from six crop species, including Arabidopsis thaliana and rice, were classified into four subfamilies. Evolutionary analysis revealed that CqRopGEF5 is closely related to AtRopGEF1 and OsRopGEF1. Structural analysis indicated that the exon-intron organization, protein motif composition, and secondary and three-dimensional structures of CqRopGEFs are highly conserved. qRT-PCR analysis showed that most CqRopGEFs were highly expressed during seed germination, with expression levels in seedling roots being higher than in stems and leaves. Their expression was significantly induced by exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) and abiotic stresses. For instance, the expression of CqRopGEF2, CqRopGEF3, CqRopGEF4, and CqRopGEF7 initially increased and then decreased under ABA treatment, while CqRopGEF7 was strongly downregulated under both cold and heat stress. In conclusion, the CqRopGEF gene family exhibits conserved evolutionary structure and may play important roles in quinoa growth and development, ABA signaling, and responses to abiotic stress. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechanisms underlying plant resistance to the acetohydroxyacid synthase- inhibiting herbicides XU Qian-Yu,LAN Yu,LIU Jia-Xin,ZHOU Xin-Yu,ZHANG Gang,ZHENG Zhi-Fu Acta Agronomica Sinica    2019, 45 (9): 1295-1302.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.93003 Abstract （946）   HTML （32）    PDF（pc） （276KB）（1884）       Knowledge map    Save The acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS)-inhibiting herbicides have been widely used in agricultural industry. However, the herbicides can sometimes cause phytotoxicity for those crops susceptible to them. Thus, it is important to create a series of new crop varieties resistant to different types of herbicides. This review presents our current understanding about the categories and characteristics of the AHAS-inhibiting herbicides, the properties of their respective target enzymes and their roles in the synthesis of branched chain amino acids, and the mechanisms underlying two types of plant resistance to the herbicides (namely, target- and non-target-site-based resistance), as well as our perspectives on the future trends in these research areas, which is expected to promote the research and development of herbicide-resistant crops. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development of Introgression Lines and Identification of QTLs for Resistance to Sheath Blight GAO Xiao-Qing, XIE Xue-Wen, XU Mei-Rong, WANG Lei, SHI Ying-Yao, GAO Yong-Meng, ZHU Lian-Hua, ZHOU Yong-Li, LI Zhi-Kang Acta Agron Sin    2011, 37 (09): 1559-1568.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.01559 Abstract （2070）      PDF（pc） （425KB）（1508）       Knowledge map    Save In this study, two random BC 2F 2 populations were developed by cross and backcross, in which two major hybrid restorer lines Shuhui 527 and Minghui 86 were used as recurrent parents respectively, and Jiangxisimiao used as donor. The bulks of the BC 2F 2 populations were inoculated with Rhizoctonia solani to screen the lines resistant to sheath blight, and 49 resistant introgression lines (ILs) were selected. The genotypes of ILs were analyzed with evenly distributed polymorphic SSR markers, and a total of 12 significant loci were identified by χ 2 test analysis. Among them, two allelic frequency-deviation loci were located in the same or near regions identified in the previous studies. In the field test without artificial inoculation, there was no significant difference between all the agronomic traits investigated in the selected ILs and their recurrent parents. Under heavily diseased conditions, six ILs with Shuhui 527 background and two ILs with Minghui 86 background showed similar agronomic traits and significantly higher resistance to sheath blight than their recurrent parents at two experimental sites, which can be served as immediate sources of sheath blight resistance for hybrid rice breeding and directly used in hybrid rice production. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Fishing TaSC Interacting Protein in Wheat Using Split Ubiquitin Yeast Two Hybrid System LIN Fang-Fang,YANG Xu,WU Xiao-Cui,LIU Xiao-Mei,GE Rong-Chao,ZHAO Bao-Cun Acta Agron Sin    2013, 39 (03): 423-430.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2013.00423 Abstract （1348）   HTML （0）    PDF（pc） （427KB）（2865）       Knowledge map    Save  The TaSC (Triticum asetivum L. salt-tolerance related gene, GenBank accession number AY956330) has been cloned from wheat salt tolerant mutant RH 8706-49, which is induced by high salinity.To fish interacting proteins of this gene, we used TaSC protein as bait to hybrid with the wheat cDNA expression library using the split ubiquitin yeast two hybrid system in this experiment. A novel wheat gene (GenBank accession number AK336035) encoding a protein with unknown function was isolated, which was designated TaSCIP1 (TaSC interaction protein 1).Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) experiment confirmed the interaction between proteins TaSCIP1 and TaSC. The separation of TaSC-interacting protein is beneficial to disclose the mechanism of salt tolerance gene TaSC. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(1)

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Establishment and Application of Multiplex PCR System for Two Blast Resistance Genes Pi-ta and Pi-b in Rice YAO Shu,LIU Yan-Qing,ZHANG Ya-Dong,ZHU Zhen,CHEN Tao,ZHAO Qing-Yong,ZHOU Li-Hui,ZHAO Chun-Fang,YU Xin,WANG Cai-Lin* Acta Agron Sin    2014, 40 (09): 1565-1571.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2014.01565 Abstract （1098）   HTML （0）    PDF（pc） （615KB）（2553）       Knowledge map    Save Rice blast is one of the important diseases in major rice producing areas of our country. The main blast resistance genes Pi-ta and Pi-b showed good resistance spectrum to rice blast in many rice growing areas of China, and has been utilized in rice breeding and commercial production. In this study, two sets of multiple PCR system for the two rice blast genes were established by selecting the functional markers of two resistance genes of Pi-ta and Pi-b and two susceptible genes of pi-ta and pi-b, respectively, based on the verification of the genotype of the two rice blast genes known in 22 rice varieties. System I could detect the two resistance genes of Pi-ta and Pi-b, while system II could detect the two susceptible genes of pi-ta and pi-b. Genotypes of the two rice blast genes in 336 new japonica lines were detected by using the two sets of multiple PCR system. The results were highly consistent with those tested by the conventional single mark detection method, indicating that the two multiplex PCR systems were stable, reliable and time-saving. They may serve as a rapid and efficient method to identify and screen rice germplasm resources and be applied in marker assistant selection for pyramiding multiple genes (QTLs) of rice blast resistance in rice breeding. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(1)

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Chromosomal Localization of Genes Associated with Proline Accumulation under Drought Stress in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Yang Kei;Chang Xiaoping;Hu Ronghai;Jia Jizeng Acta Agron Sin    2001, 27 (03): 363-366.   Abstract （1780）      PDF（pc） （224KB）（1982）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(20)

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Cloning and Characterization of a Novel Wheat Glycoside Hydrolase Gene TaGlc2 Induced by Powdery Mildew Pathogen( Erysiphe graminis) Infection Ramesh N PUDAKE,XIN Ming-Ming,YIN Yu-Jing,XIE Chao-Jie,NI Zhong-Fu,SUN Qi-Xin Acta Agron Sin    2009, 35 (5): 786-794.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2009.00786 Abstract （2082）      PDF（pc） （854KB）（2112）       Knowledge map    Save Fungal diseases cause serious yield losses of wheat worldwide. Up to date, numerous genes involved in the wheat-pathogen response have been identified. These include pathogenesis related (PR) genes and antifungal hydrolases such as glucanase and chitinase genes. Recently, there has been increasing number of studies providing evidence of the potential involvement of 1,3-β-glucanase in defense against fungal infection. In this study we identified a cDNA encoding a 1,3-β-glucanase, designated TaGlc2, from wheat cDNA library. The deduced peptide sequence of TaGlc2 is similar to a glycoside hydrolase family 17. Using real time PCR, the expression pattern of TaGlc2 in wheat seedlings inoculated with powdery mildew pathogen (Erysiphe graminis) was determined. The results showed that TaGlc2 is inducible in response to fungal infection. The 5' genomic region of TaGlc2 was isolated and it contains some cis-elements which are reported to be involved in pathogenesis response. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of HPLC-RID method for the determination of soluble sugars in peanut seed LI Wei-Tao, GUO Jian-Bin, YU Bo-Lun, XU Si-Liang, CHEN Hai-Wen, WU Bei, GONG Ting-Feng, HUANG Li, LUO Huai-Yong, CHEN Yu-Ning, ZHOU Xiao-Jing, LIU Nian, CHEN Wei-Gang, JIANG Hui-Fang Acta Agronomica Sinica    2021, 47 (2): 368-375.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.04110 Abstract （1086）   HTML （20）    PDF（pc） （505KB）（1307）       Knowledge map    Save Edible peanut is one of the important directions of peanut breeding in China and even in the world. However, the lack of efficient detection method of soluble sugar content related to edible quality in peanut kernel limits the progress of edible peanut breeding. In this study, a method of extracting soluble sugar from peanut kernel by 80% ethanol and water bath was established. The method simplified the pre-treatment steps of samples and speeded up the extraction progress compared with the GB method. The accuracy and repeatability tests showed that this method had high repeatability accuracy and effectiveness. Then, the samples extracted by this method and GB method were both tested by HPLC-RID, it was found that the soluble sugar in mature peanut kernel was mainly sucrose, with little glucose and fructose in 20 peanut varieties. There were no significant differences between these two methods. The results of 20 peanut varieties using the method and GB method showed that the sucrose content ranged from 16.19 mg g-1 to 83.81 mg g-1, 15.60 mg g-1 to 81.38 mg g-1, and with an average of 30.41 mg g-1, 30.20 mg g-1. In summary, the results not only further verified the practicability of the method established in this study, but also showed that there was a huge difference in the sucrose content between these peanut varieties. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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QTL mapping of seed storage tolerance in rice ( Oryza sativa L.) HUANG Yi-Wen, SUN Bin, CHENG Can, NIU Fu-An, ZHOU Ji-Hua, ZHANG An-Peng, TU Rong-Jian, LI Yao, YAO Yao, DAI Yu-Ting, XIE Kai-Zhen, CHEN Xiao-Rong, CAO Li-Ming, CHU Huang-Wei Acta Agronomica Sinica    2022, 48 (9): 2255-2264.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.12033 Abstract （1061）   HTML （30）    PDF（pc） （3321KB）（357）       Knowledge map    Save Rice seed storability is great significance in seed production and grain storage. In this study, 15 three-line hybrid rice restorer varieties were screened by artificial aging method, and 5 varieties with good storage tolerance (namely Fan 11, Fan 12, Fan 31, Fan 32, and Fan 38) were obtained. A Double Haploid (DH) population including 154 lines was constructed using F1 derived from the crossing between storage tolerance variety, Fan 38, and japonica restorer line, Fan 26. The parents and DH lines were sequenced using 2bB-RAD Reduced-Representation Genome Sequencing, and a genetic linkage map of SNP marker was constructed. QTLs related to storage tolerance after 10 days and 15 days artificial aging for were analyzed, respectively. A total of 6 QTL loci related to rice storage tolerance were detected on chromosomes 3, 5, 6, 11, and 12, with LOD values ranging from 3.4509 to 6.8036, explaining phenotypic variation of 6.1575%-12.9979%, and the additive effect ranged from -6.7586% to 6.1235%. The qSI-12 locus could be detected under both 10-day and 15-day aging conditions. qSI-5a and qSI-6 were detected only after 10 days of artificial aging, while qSI-3, qSI-5b, and qSI-11 were detected only after 15 days of artificial aging. In addition, 32 pairs of epistatic interaction sites were detected. These results enriched the genetic resources for the breeding of storage tolerance varieties, and laid a foundation for further fine mapping of QTLs related to storage tolerance. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of stripe rust resistance in 295 domestic and foreign wheat germplasm resources and molecular detection of resistance genes JIAO Wen-Juan, BAI Bin, XIEKELAI Yilamu, ZHANG Fei-Fei, JIA Qiu-Zhen, GENG Hong-Wei, CHENG Yu-Kun Acta Agronomica Sinica    2025, 51 (11): 2886-2898.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.51048 Abstract （304）   HTML （21）    PDF（pc） （1365KB）（183）       Knowledge map    Save Highly virulent races of stripe rust pose a serious threat to global wheat production. In this study, we evaluated the resistance of 295 domestic and international wheat varieties (lines) to the currently prevalent races and pathogenic groups of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici at both the seedling and adult plant stages. We also analyzed the presence of known stripe rust resistance genes to provide a foundation for breeding durably resistant varieties and for the effective utilization of resistant germplasm. Seedling-stage resistance was assessed under greenhouse conditions using the prevalent races CYR32 and CYR34. Adult-plant resistance was evaluated in the field during 2023-2024 at two locations—Lugang (Xinjiang) and Qingshui (Gansu)—using a composite inoculum comprising the prevalent races (CYR32, CYR33, and CYR34), the Shuiyuan pathogenic group (Su11-4 and Su11-5), and the Guinong 22 pathogenic group (G22-14). Molecular screening was performed using closely linked flanking or functional markers for 13 known resistance genes: Yr9, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr28, Yr29, Yr30, Yr80, Yr81, Yr82, Yr86, YrZH22, and YrZH84. Resistance identification results showed that 70 varieties (lines) were resistant to CYR32 and CYR34 at the seedling stage. Four varieties (Fr03733, Aikang 58, Jimai 22, and Qinnong 151) displayed immune responses to both races. A total of 154 accessions showed adult-plant resistance across both field environments, with 43 accessions exhibiting consistently high levels of resistance (HR). Thirteen accessions demonstrated resistance to both CYR32 and CYR34 at the seedling stage and high adult-plant resistance to the composite pathogen mixture (CYR32, CYR33, CYR34, Su11-4, Su11-5, and G22-14). Molecular detection revealed that 11 varieties (lines) carried four resistance genes, 39 carried three, 82 carried two, 115 carried one, and 48 varieties (lines) did not carry any of the tested genes. It is speculated that these varieties may possess other known or novel stripe rust resistance genes. The combination of different Yr genes and stable, highly resistant varieties (lines) identified in this study provides valuable resources for future wheat breeding programs targeting durable stripe rust resistance. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Response of Nutrient Uptake, Yield and Quality to Nutrition of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium in Grain Sorghum WANG Jin-Song,JIAO Xiao-Yan,DING Yu-Chuan,DONG Er-Wei,BAI Wei-Bin,WANG Li-Ge,WU Ai-Lian Acta Agron Sin    2015, 41 (08): 1269-1278.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2015.01269 Abstract （1079）   HTML （1）    PDF（pc） （341KB）（1291）       Knowledge map    Save The field experiment conducted with the fixed plots tested in Dongyang Agricultural Experiment Station of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 2011 and 2012 was carried out to investigate the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium on nutrient uptake, yield and quality of grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] cv. Jinza 23 under the sorghum-maize rotation cropping system in 2013. The experiment included five treatments with fertilizers NPK, PK, NK, NP, and CK (without fertilization) with three replicates in a completely randomized block design. The experimental results showed that at 76 days after emergence, the sorghum maximum leaf area of NPK, PK, NP, and NK treatments increased by 18.7%, 4.1%, 17.9%, and 16.6%，respectively; and the total functional leaf area per plant increased by 54.1%, 18.4%, 47.4%, and 48.2% respectively compared with CK treatment. Fertilization treatment had significantly influences on leaf biomass throughout growth period. Since 121 days after emergence, there were significant effects of different fertilization treatments on the stem biomass. Comparison with CK treatment, the sorghum grain yield of NPK, PK, NK, and NP treatments increased by 93.8%, 35.5%, 91.2%, and 78.1% respectively. The N contents in leaves of CK and PK treatments were significantly lower than those of NPK, NK, and NP treatments at 100 days after emergence. The P contents in leaves of CK and NK treatments decreased significantly as well. At 149 days after emergence, CK significantly reduced the N content in grains. The treatments of CK, PK, and NP increased the amylose contents in grains, while decreased the amylopectin content, resulting in an increased amylose/amylopectin ratio accordingly. The protein content in applying N fertilizer treatments of NPK, NP and NK was significantly higher than that of CK and PK. The grain protein content in NPK treatment was 73.9% and 40.3%, more than that in CK and PK treatments respectively. The grain tannin content of NPK treatment was the highest among treatments. The tannin content of NPK treatment increased by 15.6% and 22.7% respectively, compared with that of CK and PK treatments. These results demonstrated that no N application or no fertilization significantly reduces the growth, dry matte accumulation, grain yield, N and P uptake, and the concentrations of amylase, protein and tannin in grains of grain sorghum. The effect of no N application or no fertilization on sorghum is significantly greater than that of no P or K application. Balanced fertilization with N, P and K is beneficial to increase grain yield and improve grain quality of grain sorghum. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(2)

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Effects of waterlogging on rhizosphere microorganisms communities of different soybean varieties YU Tao-Bing, SHI Qi-Han, NIAN-Hai , LIAN Teng-Xiang Acta Agronomica Sinica    2021, 47 (9): 1690-1702.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.04137 Abstract （1292）   HTML （27）    PDF（pc） （1418KB）（1593）       Knowledge map    Save Waterlogging affects the composition of rhizosphere microbial community of different soybean varieties. The tolerance of soybean plant with different genotypes to waterlogging is quite different. In this study, waterlogging tolerant soybean genotype (Qihuang 34) and waterlogging sensitive soybean genotype (Jidou 17) were selected. The bacterial diversity, community composition, and network characteristics in the rhizosphere of the two genotypes under different waterlogging time were analyzed via fluorescence quantitative qPCR and Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that the biomass of waterlogging tolerant genotype and bacterial abundance in its rhizosphere were significantly higher than those for waterlogging sensitive genotype. The PCoA analysis showed that the difference in microbial community composition between waterlogging tolerant and sensitive soybean genotypes changed with waterlogging time (P < 0.05). Under the condition of waterlogging, Yonghaparkia and Unclassified-WD2101, OTU274 (Clostridium) and OTU2334 (Desulfosporosinus) enriched in the rhizosphere of the waterlogging tolerant genotype. The enrichment of these bacteria might be related to waterlogging tolerance. This study provides evidence of the microbial potential in the rhizosphere of soybean against waterlogging. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Tentative Study on Utilization of Canopy Hyperspectral Reflectance to Esti-mate Canopy Growth and Seed Yield in Soybean WU Qiong,QI Bo,ZHAO Tuan-Jie,YAO Xin-Feng,ZHU Yan,GAI Jun-Yi Acta Agron Sin    2013, 39 (02): 309-318.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2013.00309 Abstract （1597）   HTML （0）    PDF（pc） （357KB）（3160）       Knowledge map    Save Modern plant breeding needs to monitor the growth and evaluate the yield potential for an accurate selection in a great number of breeding lines. The hyperspectral reflectance technology has been demonstrated to be potential in meeting this kind of requirement with a simple, fast and nondestructive technology. Thirty soybean cultivars from Middle and Lower Yangtze Valleys with close growing days to maturity were chosen and tested in a randomized blocks design experiment during the two consecutive years. The measurement of above-ground dry biomass (ADM) and leaf area index (LAI) was synchronized with the information collection of the canopy hyperspectral reflectance by using a portable spectroradiometer (FieldSpec Pro FR2500 , Analytical Spectral Devices, Inc., Boulder, CO, USA) at three different growth stages (R2, R4, and R5) in soybean. Significant differences in ADM, LAI and plot yield among the tested cultivars were detected, which allowed a further regression analysis of the traits on the hyperspectral reflectances. There existed significant correlations between hyperspectral reflectance in the visible and infrared region and LAI, ADM, and yield, respectively. In particular, the highest correlations were observed at R4 and R5 stages. Based on a large number of spectral parameters in the literature, we selected the regression models with the best accuracy for ADM, LAI, and yield prediction. Among them, the regression model of LAI at R5 on P_Area560  and that of ADM at R4 on V_Area1450 were the best ones with their determination coefficients of 0.582 and 0.692, respectively. There was no single spectral index found for yield prediction. But the multiple regression of yield on NPH1280  at R2, V_Area1190  at R4 and NPH560  at R5 was found to provide a best yield prediction with R2=0.68. The obtained results suggested that hyperspectral remote sensing for monitoring growth status and estimating yields in soybean is feasible and potential, providing that a more accurate and stable regression model is searched based on an enlarged testing program under multiple environments. It might be especially useful and valuable for early generation yield prediction in a large-scale breeding program. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(2)

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Characteristics of annual climate resource distribution and utilization for different cropping systems in the south of Yellow-Huaihe-Haihe Rivers plain ZHOU Bao-Yuan,GE Jun-Zhu,HOU Hai-Peng,SUN Xue-Fang,DING Zai-Song,LI Cong-Feng,MA Wei,ZHAO Ming Acta Agronomica Sinica    2020, 46 (6): 937-949.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.93049 Abstract （1093）   HTML （18）    PDF（pc） （528KB）（1065）       Knowledge map    Save Clarifying the characteristics of annual yield, distribution and utilization of climatic resources, and establishing rational quantitative indexes of annual climatic resources distribution for different cropping systems are helpful to provide theoretical basis for further improving annual yield and resource use efficiency in the Yellow-Huaihe-Haihe Rivers plain. In this study, the experiment was conducted from 2011 to 2015 at Xinxiang, Henan province to analyze the grain yield, biomass, dry matter production energy, and distribution and utilization efficiency of climatic resources under four cropping systems, namely winter wheat-summer maize, winter wheat-summer soybean, double maize and one-season spring maize. There were no differences in the annual grain yield, total biomass, and dry matter production energy between the winter wheat-summer maize and double maize cropping systems, but they were significantly higher than those of the winter wheat-summer soybean and one-season spring maize cropping systems, with an average increase of 45.4%-61.5%, 37.3%-71.3%, and 35.77%-70.7%, respectively. The annual radiation production efficiency, radiation use efficiency of grain and total biomass for double maize and one-season spring maize cropping systems were significantly higher than those of the winter wheat-summer maize and winter wheat-summer soybean cropping systems, with an average increase of 11.8%-66.7% in the annual radiation production efficiency, and 0.13-0.42 and 0.18-0.69 percentage points increase in the radiation use efficiency of grain and total biomass, respectively. The accumulative temperature distribution rate for two seasons of winter wheat-summer maize was 45.6% and 54.4%, respectively, while those of double maize was 51.4% and 48.6%, respectively. The accumulative temperature ratio between two seasons was of winter wheat-summer maize 0.8, while that of double maize was 1.1. Considering both yield and resource use efficiency, winter wheat-summer maize and double maize cropping systems can be used to optimize the layout of planting patterns and support the sustainable development of agricultural production in the Yellow-Huaihe-Haihe Rivers plain. Furthermore, clarifying the accumulated temperature distribution rate and the accumulated temperature ratio between two seasons is helpful to optimize climate resource distribution, and further improve the yield potential and the resources use efficiency of double cropping system in the Yellow- Huaihe-Haihe Rivers plain. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Sequence Polymorphism of waxy Genes in Landraces of Waxy Maize from Southwest China TIAN Meng-Liang;HUNAG Yu-Bi;TAN Gong-Xie;LIU Yong-Jian;RONG Ting-Zhao Acta Agron Sin    2008, 34 (05): 729-736.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2008.00729 Abstract （2874）      PDF（pc） （608KB）（3292）       Knowledge map    Save In order to understand the DNA polymorphism of the waxy genes in waxy maize and flint maize landraces from Southwest China, the 25 sequences from the ninth exon to the fourteenth exon of waxy gene were cloned and sequenced. The sampled landraces included 16 waxy maize cultivars ( Zea mays L. ceratina Kulesh.) and seven flint maize cultivars from Southwest China, and tow waxy maize cultivars from Argentina. Additionally we downloaded 16 homologous sequences from six Z. mays subsp. parviglimis individuals, five Z. luxurians individuals and five American landraces from NCBI. The sequences were aligned and DNA variations among them were analyzed. We found waxy maize, flint maize, and parviglumis had 14, 19, and 40 polymorphic sites, respectively. Within the Z. taxa samples, Chinese waxy maize contained 30% of the genetic diversity in Chinese flint maize and 14% of the genetic diversity in Z. mays subsp. parviglimis, respectively. The statistical Tajima’D significance was only found in Chinese waxy maize population. Seventy five percent of the Chinese waxy maize landraces contained one deletion of fifteen nucleotides, which encodes the amino acid sequence NKEAL and is located at the start site of the glycosyl transferases group 1 of waxy gene. Chinese waxy maize might be originated from one special mutant of flint maize and experienced one domestication bottleneck in the process of evolution. The founder effect made the nucleotide diversity of waxy gene in waxy maize lower than that in its relatives. To improve the quality and quantity of starch in maize different alleles from its relatives should be introduced into maize genome. Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(11)