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Research Advances on Crop Growth Models Lin zhonghui;Mo Xingguo;Xiang Yueqing Acta Agron Sin    2003, 29 (05): 750-758.   Abstract （3133）      PDF（pc） （237KB）（11540）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(83)

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New Gene Discovery of Crops in China: Status, Challenging, and Perspective QIU Li-Juan, GUO Yong, LI Yu, WANG Xiao-Bei, ZHOU Guo-An, LIU Zhang-Xiong, ZHOU Shi-Rong, LI Xin-Hai, MA Wei-Zhi, WANG Jian-Kang, WAN Jian-Min Acta Agron Sin    2011, 37 (01): 1-17.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.00001 Abstract （4328）      PDF（pc） （376KB）（11182）       Knowledge map    Save Gene discovery is the basis of molecular breeding in crops. The progress of gene discovery study of major crops such as rice, wheat, maize, soybean, cotton and oilseed rape in China during the past ten years was analyzed and reviewed in this paper. Gene discovery of crops in China has also made a series of breakthroughs: (1) A number of distinctive gene discovery materials were created, such as core germplasm based on crop genetic diversity, genetic population based on excellent genetic resources, mutants derived from artificial mutation, and so on. (2) Technology and methods of gene discovery were developed, especially the integration of various gene discovery technologies and improvement of biometric algorithm of gene/QTLs, and therefore the efficiency of gene discovery was improved. (3) Mapping markers and genes related to agronomic traits of crops has become a common method for genetic studies. A number of genes/QTLs associated with disease resistance, stress tolerance, quality, nutrient efficiency and yield have been mapped, of which more than 500 genes have been fine mapping. (4) Gene cloning and functional study in crops especially in rice become more and more important in the world. More than 300 genes have been cloned in the main crops, among which more than 70 genes have been functional validated in crops. With the development of genome sequence technology, gene discovery of crops become more and more efficient, large-scale and practical. However, the quality and quantity of crop gene discovery is still far from meeting the needs of molecular breeding of crops and the overall level of gene discovery has still fallen behind developed countries in the world. The development of gene discovery in different crops is uneven, the number of genes discovered is relatively limited and discovered genes with great value is still scare. Focused on the problems of gene discovery in China and the challenges of biotechnology companies in the worldwide, the strategy of crops gene discovery in China was proposed in this paper, including improvement of the efficiency of gene discovery, enhancement of gene cloning and the value of important genes, and the orientation of the development needs of biotechnology industry. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(9)

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Crop Molecular Breeding in China:Current Status and Perspectives LI Yu, WANG Jian-Kang, QIU Li-Juan, MA You-Zhi, LI Xin-Hai, WAN Jian-Min Acta Agron Sin    2010, 36 (09): 1425-1430.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2010.01425 Abstract （5929）      PDF（pc） （160KB）（7624）       Knowledge map    Save With some technological breakthroughs such as sequencing and microarray in the recent years, genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metalomics and phenomics have made a great progress in the world. Theories and technologies of crop breeding have also been revolutionarized considerably. Traditional crop breeding is based on phenotypic selection, which is often called “empirical breeding” with poor predictability, long breeding cycle and low breeding efficiency. Modern crop molecular breeding including marker-assisted breeding, transgenic breeding and molecular design breeding has become an important direction in the field of plant breeding. It is based on the combination of genotypic selection and phenotypic selection and thus target genes/alleles can be directly selected and pyramided. Therefore, the efficiency of molecular breeding can be improved and the breeding duration can be shortened. The paper defines the concept of mole Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(44)

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Identification, expression profile of soybean PIN-Like (PILS) gene family and its function in symbiotic nitrogen fixation in root nodules DONG Yan-Kun, HUANG Ding-Quan, GAO Zhen, CHEN Xu Acta Agronomica Sinica    2022, 48 (2): 353-366.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.14006 Abstract （704）   HTML （33）    PDF（pc） （8803KB）（7565）       Knowledge map    Save Plant hormone auxin plays a vital role in the growth and development of plants. Auxin homeostasis and concentration gradient establishment control the polar formation of almost all organs. The synthesis, transportation, perception, and metabolic degradation of auxin in specific cells establish a concentration gradient of auxin in accordance with organ development. In legumes, roots interact with soil microorganisms to form a special organ called nodules, which is used for biological nitrogen fixation. However, the function of auxin homeostasis control of biological nitrogen fixation is unknown. Studies showed that PIN-Like (PILS) proteins in Arabidopsis helped to regulate intracellular auxin homeostasis and mediate auxin signal transmission in the downstream nucleus. In this study, 19 PILS family genes (GmPILSs) were identified in soybean genome and distributed unevenly on 10 chromosomes of soybean. GmPILSs exhibited a variety of expression patterns in nine tissue parts of soybean, and had obvious specificity of tissue expression. GmPILS1e and GmPILS1f were enriched and expressed in the rhizobia region, and the expression of GmPILS1e and GmPILS1f in nodules was down-regulated by artificial microRNA interference (amiRNAi), resulting in the increase of nitrogenase activity in the nodules. However, the overexpression of GmPILS1f leaded to the decrease nitrogenase activity in root nodules, GmPILS1e and GmPILS1f might participate in the regulation of soybean nitrogenase activity. These results lay the foundation for further analysis of the function and mechanism of soybean GmPILS family genes, and also provide valuable genetic resources for the application of nodulation and nitrogen fixation in agricultural breeding. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress of Wheat Breeding in China and the Future Perspective HE Zhong-Hu, JIA Xian-Chun, CHEN Xin-Min, ZHUANG Qiao-Sheng Acta Agron Sin    2011, 37 (02): 202-215.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.00202 Abstract （5761）      PDF（pc） （229KB）（7216）       Knowledge map    Save During the last ten years, Chinese wheat breeding has mainly made progresses in three aspects, i.e., (1) two sets of cultivars with high yielding potential, improved quality, and multi-resistance to various diseases were developed and extended, (2) three elite parents, viz. Zhou 8425B, Lumai 14, and 6VS/6AL translocation line played a leading role in cultivar development; and (3) a significant progress has been achieved in breeding methodology and applied research. Main constrains on wheat breeding were also summarized. The development and utilization of molecular markers such as SSR marker and functional maker, was reviewed from breeding point of view, and the priority areas for the next five to ten years were proposed. It summarized the progress of wheat quality study which is closely associated with cultivar development, including laboratory evaluation methods and selection criteria for pan bread, cookie, Chinese noodles and steamed bread. China’s strategies for wheat breeding were analyzed in four areas: (1) a draft points on improving Chinese wheat yield potential; (2) utilization of durable resistance for cultivar development; (3) more efforts on water use efficiency, tolerance to high temperature and traits associated with broad adaptation due to the serious impact of climate change; and (4) increased investment in breeding and seed marketing from private sector. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(83)

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Molecular Design Breeding in Crops in China WANG Jian-Kang, LI Hui-Hui, ZHANG Hua-Cai, YIN Chang-Bin, LI Yu, MA Wei-Zhi, LI Xin-Hai, QIU Li-Juan, MO Jian-Min Acta Agron Sin    2011, 37 (02): 191-201.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.00191 Abstract （6065）      PDF（pc） （261KB）（6931）       Knowledge map    Save Molecular design breeding is a highly integrated system built on multiple scientific disciplines and technological areas. It allows the simulation and optimization of the breeding procedure before breeders’ field experiments. Thus the best target genotypes to meet various breeding objectives in various ecological regions, and the most efficient and effective crossing and selection strategies approaching the best target genotypes can be identified. The design breeding greatly increases the predictability in conventional breeding, leading to the evolution from “phenotypic breeding by experience” to “genotypic breeding by prediction” and an increased breeding efficiency and effectiveness. Three major steps are involved in design breeding. The first step is to identify genes affecting breeding traits and to study gene and gene interactions, i.e., to seek for the original materials for producing the crop cultivars, which includes establishment of genetic populations, screening of polymorphism markers, construction of linkage maps, phenotypic evaluation and genetic analysis etc. The second step is to determine the target genotypes for various breeding objectives in various ecological regions, i.e., prototype of the final cultivar product, which includes the genotype-to-phenotype prediction based on identified and known gene information, i.e., locations of genes on chromosomes, biochemical pathways and expression networks from genes to traits, their genetic effects on breeding traits, and the interactions between genes. The third step is to identify the most efficient breeding strategies leading to the target genotypes determined in the second step, i.e., a detailed blue chart to produce the designed crop cultivars. Significant progresses have been made in crop molecular design breeding in China in recent years. This paper first summarized major progresses made in the development of novel genetic materials, genetic study of important breeding traits, development and application of breeding simulation tools, application of design breeding, and the platform research and development in molecular design breeding in crops in China. A perspective view of molecular design breeding was given for the near future after reviewing the current research both in China and worldwide. Finally, major research areas relevant to molecular design breeding in China were proposed, among which are prediction methods and tools of genetics and breeding, genetic mating designs and analysis, gene and environment interactions, functional genomics of crops, methods and tools of bioinformatics, technical systems and decision-supported tools. Professional development and education, and team building are essential as well to China’s leading role in crop molecular design breeding in the world. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(36)

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A review for impacts of climate change on rice production in China Xiao-Xia LING,Zuo-Lin ZHANG,Jing-Qiu ZHAI,Shu-Chun YE,Jian-Liang HUANG Acta Agronomica Sinica    2019, 45 (3): 323-334.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.82044 Abstract （2417）   HTML （174）    PDF（pc） （593KB）（6623）       Knowledge map    Save Rice production system is one of the most sensitive agricultural ecosystems in response to climate change. Here, we reviewed the effects of current and future climate change on rice production in China. Over the past few decades, the thermal resources during rice growing seasons showed an increasing trend, while solar radiation resources showed a decreasing trend and the precipitation’s heterogeneity increased. The frequencies of high temperature stress, heavy precipitation, drought and flood increased, which may lower down the effectiveness of hydrothermal resources. Climate change has led to a significant northward shift of potential planting boundaries for single and double rice production systems, resulted in a negative impact on the length of growth period for single rice, early rice and late rice. The researches based on statistical models and process-based crop models showed that climate change hampered rice production of China. Most reports indicated a reducing trend of yield caused by climate change for single rice, early rice and late rice, but there were still some differences in results from different methods and rice cropping regions. The trends of prolonging growth period and increasing yield are a reflection of the capability of rice production system in China to adapt to climate change, through regulating planting regionalization and improving variety and culture technics. The impact assessment with different climate scenarios showed that the projected growth period of rice would shorten and projected yield would decrease in future. That means climate change will seriously challenge the rice production and food security in China. For further study, deeper understanding of abiotic stress physiology and its incorporation into ecophysiological models, reducing the uncertainty and extending the systematicness of impact assessment are the important research areas that require much attention. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Functional Genomics and It′s Methodology Zhang Zuxin;Zhang Fangdong;Zheng Yonglian Acta Agron Sin    2003, 29 (02): 194-201.   Abstract （3281）      PDF（pc） （167KB）（6603）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(4)

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Recent Findings in Plant Innate Immunity and Possible Impacts on Crop Disease-resistance Breeding ZHAO Kai-Jun, LI Yan-Qiang, WANG Chun-Lian, GAO Ying Acta Agron Sin    2011, 37 (06): 935-942.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.00935 Abstract （3352）      PDF（pc） （571KB）（6461）       Knowledge map    Save Plants have been successfully living in such an environment in which there are myriads of potential microbial pathogens, indicating that plants possess an efficient immunity system. Recent studies have revealed that the plant immunity system consists of two layers of defense. The first layer, based on the sensitive perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) at the plant cell surface, is named as PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI). The second is called effector-triggered immunity (ETI), in which plants use additional receptors (such as R-gene products) to perceive pathogen virulence effectors that have evolved to suppress PTI. The conventional gene-for-gene resistance in plants belongs actually to ETI. For millions of years, natural selection has been driving pathogens to avoid ETI either by diversifying the recognized effectors or by acquiring additional effectors that suppress ETI. On the other hand, natural selection favors plant new R-genes that can recognize the newly acquired effectors in pathogen, resulting in new ETI to be triggered again. The latest studies have revealed the simple cipher that governs DNA recognition by TAL (transcription activator-like) effectors from plant pathogenic Xanthomonas. TAL effectors can specifically bind the target DNA of host plant with a novel protein-DNA binding pattern in which two amino acids recognize one nucleotide. Using this recognition code, TAL effectors can bind the promoter of target genes and induce the host diseases or resistance responses. Recent findings about plant innate immunity are reviewed in this paper and their possible applications in plant breeding for disease resistance are discussed. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(7)

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Variation and Distribution of Seed Storage Protein Content and Composition among Different Rice Varieties ZHOU Li-Hui, LIU Qiao-Quan, ZHANG Chang-Quan, XU Yong, TANG Su-Zhu, et al. Acta Agron Sin    2009, 35 (5): 884-891.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2009.00884 Abstract （3149）      PDF（pc） （400KB）（5631）       Knowledge map    Save The crude protein contents (PC) in 351 varieties were measured by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and their distribution and classification were analyzed. The results showed that the average value of crude protein content in indica and japonica types were 13.2% and 12.2%, respectively, with an average of 12.42%. The range of those above was 10.8–16.8%, 9.3–17.7%, and 9.3–17.7%, respectively. It elucidated that PC was higher in indica rice than in japonica rice. The huge difference in ratios of varieties (lines) based on their PC showed the genetic disequilibrium between subspecies indica and japonica, for exsample, the ratio of japonica rice with low PC was eight times that of indica rice with low PC. According to the criterion classifying varieties with different protein contents, most of rice genotypes fell into the group with intermediate PC, and there was very small number of varieties with either high or low PC, especially with very high PC in japonica rice. However, we could find some extreme individuals which PC were very high/low, such as those with high PC: forage rice, early maturity varieties and indica-japonica hybrid progenies close to indica in the subspecies of indica, or close to japonica in the subspecies of japonica; and those with low PC: some japonica rice (but the PC not low enough), some overseas germplasms in indica. Thus it was not impossible to find out extreme germplasms on PC from landrace, overseas germplasms or india-japonica hybrid progenies etc., which are fine basic materials in genetic and breeding researchs. From the results of SDS-PAGE analysis of the total seed storage proteins among some representative varieties, we could know that the seed storage protein composition was different among different types of rice genotypes. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(15)

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Genome-wide Association Analysis of Kernel Row Number in Maize ZHANG Huan-Xin,WENG Jian-Feng,ZHANG Xiao-Cong,LIU Chang-Lin,YONG Hong-Jun,HAO Zhuan-Fang,LI Xin-Hai Acta Agron Sin    2014, 40 (01): 1-6.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2014.00001 Abstract （1862）   HTML （3）    PDF（pc） （846KB）（5434）       Knowledge map    Save Kernel row number (KRN) is one of grain yield components in maize (Zea mays L.). Investigation of its genetic architecture will help develop high-yield varieties in maize. In this study, the KRN in a panel of 203 maize inbred lines was detected in Urumqi of Xinjiang, Gongzhuling of Jilin, and Sanya of Hainan in 2007, and used to perform the genome-wide analysis for KRN using MaizeSNP50 BeadChip. A total of nine SNPs were found to be significantly associated with KRN at a threshold of P < 0.0001, which were on chromosome Bins 1.02, 1.10, 7.03, 8.02, 9.06, and 10.03, respectively. Eight of these SNPs were located in the QTL intervals reported previously.Meanwhile, four candidate genes were scanned, encoding auxin signaling F-box containing protein, kn1 protein, AP2 domain containing protein and leucine-rich repeat transmembrane protein kinase respectively. In summary, these identified genes and SNPs will offer essential information for cloning yield-related genes in maize. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(16)

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Bioinformatic Prediction of MicroRNAs and Their Target Genes in Maize ZHANG Zhi-Ming, SONG Rui, PENG Hua, LUO Mao, SHEN Ya-Ou, LIU Li, ZHAO Mao-Jun, PAN Guang-Tang Acta Agron Sin    2010, 36 (08): 1324-1335.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2010.01324 Abstract （3653）      PDF（pc） （1472KB）（5303）       Knowledge map    Save microRNAs (miRNAs) are an extensive class of endogenous, non-coding, short (19–24 nt) RNA molecules directly involved in regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and played an important role in gene expression regulation. Previous reports have noted that plant miRNAs are highly conserved, which provides the foundation for identification of miRNAs in plant species through homology alignment. With the method of bioinformatic computation, all previously known miRNAs in Arabidopsis, rice, and other plant species were blasted against maize EST (expressed sequence tags) and GSS (genomic survey sequence) sequences to select novel miRNAs in maize by a series of filtering criteria. A total of 23 conserved miRNAs were identified and predicted the target genes by a web-based integrated computing system, WMD 3. Total of 89 miRNA targets were predicted and verified to be involved in maize growth and development, signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, metabolism, and stress responses. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances on Methodologies for Genome-wide Association Studies in Plants FENG Jian-Ying,WEN Yang-Jun,ZHANG Jin,ZHANG Yuan-Ming Acta Agron Sin    2016, 42 (07): 945-956.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2016.00945 Abstract （1632）   HTML （6）    PDF（pc） （950KB）（5202）       Knowledge map    Save Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been widely used in human, animal and plant genetics, and many new approaches and their softwares have been developed in recent years. To make a better use of the GWAS methods in applied research, in this study we summarized the advances on methodologies and softwares for GWAS. First, LD score regression was introduced to investigate the effect of population structure on GWAS. Then, the main approaches and their softwares for GWAS in plants were reviewed, including a single-locus model, a multi-locus model, epistasis, and multiple correlated traits. Finally, we prospected the future developments in GWAS. It should be noted that, in real data analysis at present, the methodologies for genome-wide single-marker scan under polygenic background and population structure controls are widely used, and the corresponding results are complementary to those derived from non-parameter approaches with high false discovery rate. However, the future approaches for GWAS should be based on the multi-locus genetic model, QTN-by-environment interaction, epistatic detection and multivariate analysis. Our purpose was to provide beneficial information in theoretical and applied researches. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(1)

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Application Technique of Marker Grouping and Ordering in Genetic Linkage Map Construction Using Mapmaker/Exp XING Guang-Nan;ZHAO Tuan-Jie;GAI Jun-Yi Acta Agron Sin    2008, 34 (02): 217-223.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2008.00217 Abstract （3541）      PDF（pc） （579KB）（5194）       Knowledge map    Save Mapmaker/Exp (3.0) is one of the most often used computer software packages for constructing genetic linkage map worldwide. It was found that the distances of the map constructed with the software were often exaggerated when large number of markers was involved. The present paper is to introduce our technical experiences in using Method 2 (marker number more than 500) of the software for a more reasonable linkage map. In Method 2 of Mapmaker/Exp (3.0), markers were usually grouped into linkage groups under an identical LOD value for all linkage groups; and then an “order” command followed by multiple “ripple” command was used to test the order with a window size of 5. The causes for the exaggerated map distances were found probably in two aspects in Method 2, i.e. the way of assignment of LOD value and utilization of “order” and “ripple” commands in marker grouping and marker ordering. Therefore, two innovations were taken in the application of Method 2 as: (1) different LOD values used for some specific linkage groups in addition to a common LOD value for the others; and (2) multiple “order” commands each followed with multiple “ripple” commands used for ordering markers in linkage groups, combined with some artificial adjustments when needed, for relatively higher likelihoods of the linkage groups. The innovations were used to construct a soybean genetic linkage map which showed more reasonable than that constructed with the old procedure with a better consistency to the soybean consensus map. Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(11)

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Contents and compositions of amino acids in rice grains and their regulation: a review YANG Jian-Chang, LI Chao-Qing, JIANG Yi Acta Agronomica Sinica    2022, 48 (5): 1037-1050.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.12062 Abstract （1399）   HTML （85）    PDF（pc） （658KB）（5079）       Knowledge map    Save Amino acids in cereal grains are important nutrients for both human and animals. Increasing the content of amino acids in the rice grain, especially lysine and other essential amino acids, plays a very important role in improving the nutritional standard of people in the countries with rice as staple food. This paper reviewed some research progresses in the contents and compositions of amino acids in the mature grain of rice and their distribution in the different parts of a grain, the synthesis and metabolism of amino acids in the grain, the role of plant hormones in regulating the synthesis and metabolism of on amino acids, and the effects of environmental factors and cultivation practices on the contents and compositions of amino acids in the grain, and discussed the existing problems and key points for future research. It merits further investigating the temporal (at different filling stages) and spatial (at different parts of a grain) distribution characteristics of the contents and compositions of amino acids in a grain during the filling, their physiological and biochemical mechanism, and cultivation regulation and its principle. Such a study is expected to gain new insight into the mechanism in the formation and distributions of amino acids in a rice grain, and explore a new way to increase the contents of amino acids, especially essential amino acids such as lysine, in milled rice. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of CaMV 35S Promoter in Transgenic Cotton JIAO Gai-Li;MENG Zhao-Hong;NAN Zhi-Run;ZHANG Huan-Yang;LI Jun-Feng;WANG Jiao-Juan;ZHAO Jun-Xia;NIE An-QuanLI Yan-E;GUO San-Dui Acta Agron Sin    2004, 30 (11): 1135-1139.   Abstract （2720）      PDF（pc） （368KB）（5067）       Knowledge map    Save The CaMV 35S promoter is the most widely used promoter for driving transgene expression in plants. It is effective driving transgene expression in both dicots and monocots. It is usually classified as constitutive promoter. However, some reports suggest that it is not expressed in all cell and tissu Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(12)

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Detection of Quantitative Trait Loci for Plant Height Using an Immortalized F 2 Population in Wheat WANG Yan,LI Zhuo-Kun,TIAN Ji-Chun Acta Agron Sin    2009, 35 (6): 1038-1043.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2009.01038 Abstract （2853）      PDF（pc） （143KB）（5056）       Knowledge map    Save To study the genetic mechanism of wheat plant height, a set of doubled haploid (DH) lines were used to construct an immortalized F2 (IF2) population comprising 168 different crosses. The IF2 population was evaluated for plant height in 2007 cropping seasons in Tai’an and Liaocheng, Shandong province. Linkage map was constructed with 324 SSR markers covering the whole wheat genome, including 284 SSR, 37 ESTs loci, 1 ISSR loci and 2 HMW-GS loci, was constructed. This linkage map covered a total length of 2 485.7 cM with an average distance of 7.67 cM between adjacent markers. QTL analyses were performed using the software QTLNetwork version 2.0 based on the mixed linear model at P < 0.05. Four additive QTLs, 1 dominance QTL and pair of epistatic QTLs were detected, the total QTL effects detected for the plant height explained 20% of the phenotypic variation. One QTL qPh4D for plant height was identified on chromosome 4D, was identified on chromosome 2D, explaining 7.5% of the phenotypic variances. Dominance effect loci qPh2D was identified on chromosome 2D, explaining 1.6% of the phenotypic variances；Epistatic effects of loci was identified on chromosome 5B–6D, explaining 1.7% of the phenotypic variances . The results indicate additive effects, dominance effects and epistatic effects are important in genetics of wheat for plant height, which are also subjected to environmental modifications. These results further demonstrate that the use of IF2 groups QTL positioning research methods contribute to the molecular marker-assisted breeding. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(6)

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Apomixis and Its Application Prospect Mu xijin;Cai Xue;Sun Delan;Shi Guangchun;Zhu Zhiqing Acta Agron Sin    2001, 27 (05): 590-599.   Abstract （2052）      PDF（pc） （268KB）（5007）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(30)

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Effect of Plant Growth Substances on Morphological and Anatomical Structure of Leaf and Photosynthetic Characteristics in Soybean FENG Nai-Jie,ZHENG Dian-Feng,ZHAO Jiu-Xiang,ZU Wei,DU Ji-Dao,ZHANG Yu-Xian Acta Agron Sin    2009, 35 (9): 1691-1697.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2009.01691 Abstract （3497）      PDF（pc） （877KB）（4999）       Knowledge map    Save Many soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] morphological and physiological regulations responding to plant growth substances have been reported. Related researches showed that plant growth substances could effectively control lodging, increase leaf area index, promote photosynthesis, reduce productive abscission and improve yield and quality in soybean production. Plant growth substances thorough adjusting inner hormone control soybean’s whole process of growth and development, at the same time possibly affect the structure of soybean organs, including root, stem, leaf, and productive organs, on which there are a little report. Microtechnique and ultramicrotechnique have triumphantly applied in the researches on the changes of fibre texture and ultrastructure in plant caused by nutrient elements and environment factors, which provides availibity to research the effects of plant growth substances on the structure of soybean organs. The present study was carried out in an attempt to compare anatomical structure and photosynthetic characteristics of cultivar Kennong 4, Treated with three plant growth substances In the f ield of experiments on trail farm of Heilongjiang August-First Land Reclamation University in 2006. The selected secure plant growth substances Diethyl anlinoethyl (DTA), Ckolirte chloride (Cc), and SOD simulation material (SODM), were applied by leaf-spraying at the beginning of blossom stage (R1). 30 days later, at the beginning seed stage (R5), the functional leaves were sampled to compare fibre texture and ultrastructure by microtechnique and ultramicrotechnique. Photosynthetic characteristics, such as leaf index, photosynthetic pigment content, photosynthetic potential and photosynthetic rate, were measured every 10 days after the treatments. The results indicated that the plant growth substances caused the changes of both anatomical structure of leaf and photosynthetic characteristics. Under li ght microscope, we found that, compared with control, DTA, CC, and SODM increased palisade tissue thickness and ratio of palisade/spongy of leaf. The tight degree of palisade tissue arrangement,was different in treatment showing the order of SODM> DTA> CC> CK. DTA , CC, and SODM increased the number of chloroplast single cell, granule lamella and starch grains in chloroplast, while reduced the number of osmophilic globuli in the chloroplast. SODM, DTA increased granule number in chloroplast significantly. In the investigation of photosynthetic characteristics, we found that, compared with control, DTA, SODM, and CC increased the contents of Chl a, Chl b, Chl(a+b) in leaf and the ratio of Chl b/a. DTA, SODM, and CC advanced the time to maximum leaf area index and leaf area duration (LAD), increased total LAD and photosynthetic rate during grain filling period under water stress. From above, we drew a conclusion that plant growth substances could at least partially regulate the structure of soybean organs, fibre texture and ultrastructure of soybean leaf, which is helpful to promote photosynthesis, showing the consistency between anatomical structure and physiological function. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(5)

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Some Physiological Response of Zea mays under Salt-stress WANG Li-Yan;ZHAO Ke-Fu Acta Agron Sin    2005, 31 (02): 264-268.   Abstract （2333）      PDF（pc） （180KB）（4975）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(72)

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Isolation, Chromosome Assignment, and Expression Assay of Nitrite Reductase Gene and Regulatory Sequence in Wheat SHE Mao-Yun, CHEN Duo-Duo, FENG Chen, DU Li-Pu, YE Xing-Guo Acta Agron Sin    2011, 37 (01): 28-39.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.00028 Abstract （3452）      PDF（pc） （960KB）（4963）       Knowledge map    Save Nitrite reductase is wildly involved in N metabolism in plants and has shown excellent relevance to regeneration potential in the tissue culture of rice ( Oryza sativa L.). In this study, in silico and inverse PCR techniques were employed to isolate nitrite reductase encoded gene and its regulatory sequences from wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). This gene was predicted to contain four exons and three introns. The gDNA and cDNA sequences were 2 881 bp and 1 830 bp in length, respectively, and they were both submitted to GenBank under the accession numbers FJ555239 and FJ527909. Its deduced encoding protein product was approximately 65.7 kD, sharing high (more than 60%) identity with other nitrite reductase genes deposited in the NCBI database, especially with those from other monocot cereal crops (more than 80%). The 5′ flanking region was isolated and extended to -2 924 bp (counting from the start code: ATG) through inverse PCR. After induced by 1 mmol L - 1 IPTG, a protein of ca. 70 kD was obtained in prokaryotic expression vector pET-28a, including a histidine tag of ca. 3.8 kD. The highest expression of gene in wheat seedlings was induced by 30 mmol L - 1 KNO 3 for 1 h. Measurement on nitrite reductase activity showed the enzyme activity increased following the treatment time extension at 5-d intervals under the above same condition. According to the result of AS-PCR analysis, at least one copy of the gene existed on chromosome 6A and 6B each in common wheat. The study provides a basis for functional determination of wheat nitrite reductase gene in subsequent research. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(4)

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Response of rhizosphere bacterial community diversity to salt stress in peanut DAI Liang-Xiang, XU Yang, ZHANG Guan-Chu, SHI Xiao-Long, QIN Fei-Fei, DING Hong, ZHANG Zhi-Meng Acta Agronomica Sinica    2021, 47 (8): 1581-1592.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.04160 Abstract （912）   HTML （23）    PDF（pc） （1106KB）（4954）       Knowledge map    Save To characterize the peanut rhizosphere bacteria community in response to salt stress, a pot experiment was performed with different salt concentrations. The peanut rhizosphere soils at flowering and mature stages were sampled to extract DNA for constructing bacterial 16S rRNA gene library, and then high-throughput sequencing was performed for sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. The results showed that Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Patescibacteria, Acidobacteria, and Chloroflexi were the dominant phyla, and the orders Saccharimonadales, Betaproteobacteria, Sphingomonadales, Gemmatimonadales, and Rhizobiales were dominated in the peanut rhizosphere soils. Comparisons of the bacterial community structure of peanuts revealed that the relative abundance of Proteobacteria dramatically increased, while that of Actinobacteria decreased in salt-treated soils, and the fluctuation increased with the increase of the salt concentration. Moreover, applying calcium fertilizer under salt stress increased the abundance of Betaproteobacteria, Gemmatimonadales, and Sphingomonadales, which were affected by salt stress, growth stages, and exogenous calcium application. Cluster analysis revealed that the dominant bacteria of soil groups with high salt concentration were similar and clustered together, while the soil samples of the same growth period were similar and clustered together according to the bacterial structure at the genus level under non-salt stress conditions. Bacterial community structure differed in the growth stages and soil salt concentrations, whereas the differences of soil groups with or without calcium application were relatively small. Function prediction analysis indicated that the sequences related to secondary metabolites, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, and amino acid and lipid metabolism were enriched in high salt-treated soils. The functional groups increased significantly during the fast-growth period, low salt stress, and basal calcium fertilizer treatments, which may play an important role on the growth and stress response in peanut. This study of microbial communities could lay the foundation for future improvement of stress tolerance of peanuts via modification of the soil microbes. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genome-wide association analysis and candidate gene selection of yield related traits in rice YANG Fei, ZHANG Zheng-Feng, NAN Bo, XIAO Ben-Ze Acta Agronomica Sinica    2022, 48 (7): 1813-1821.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.12047 Abstract （1401）   HTML （89）    PDF（pc） （4541KB）（4940）       Knowledge map    Save Rice is the most important food crop for more than half of the world’s population, and the cultivation of rice varieties with high and stable yield is crucial for solving the world’s food problems. In this study, 226 rice core materials with relatively consistent growth stage were selected from “3K Rice Genome Project” and 2429 kb of high density genotype and 10 agronomic traits including growth period, plant height, effective panicle number, panicle length, spikelet density, seed setting rate, thousand-grains weight, yield per plant, spikelet per panicle, and grains per panicle were investigated by genome-wide associate study combined with 2429 kb of high-density genotype data. A total of 43 loci significantly associated with main agronomic traits were identified, including seven known loci, such as qRGP7.2, qPH12, qPL6.2, qSD6.2, qTGW1.1, qGP1, and qGP5.2. Six candidate genes were screened out, including LOC_Os12g18760 related to plant height, LOC_Os03g33530 related to effective panicle number, LOC_Os06g30940 related to panicle length, LOC_Os01g49810 related to thousand grains weight, LOC_Os09g25260 related to yield per plant, and LOC_Os09g32620 related to spikelet density and spikelet per panicle. These results provide important gene resources and the theoretical reference for genetic improvement of rice yield. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Yield Performance and Resources Used Efficiency of Winter Wheat and Summer Maize in Double Late-Cropping System FU Xue-Li,ZHANG Hui,JIA Ji-Zeng,DU Li-Feng,FU Jin-Dong,ZHAO Ming Acta Agron Sin    2009, 35 (9): 1708-1714.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2009.01708 Abstract （3634）      PDF（pc） （254KB）（4883）       Knowledge map    Save The winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–summer maize (Zea mays L.) rotation is the main crop system in North China plain. In recent years, with continuous increase of air temperature, the double late-cropping system (late sowing for winter wheat and late harvested for summer maize) has of importance for whole-year high yield in this area. Proper scheme of light and heat in the double late-cropping system can provide high resource use efficiency (RUE) and high yields of both wheat and maize. To quantitatively analyze the yield performance and the effect of “double late” we need, two cultivars of winter wheat and two cultivars of summer maize in field experiments in Wen county and Jiaozuo of Henan province in 2006–2007 and 2007–2008 respectively. The dry matter production, grain yield, yield performance quantitative parameters, and energy (light and accumulated temperature) used efficiency were investigated in the double late-cropping system and compared with those in traditional cropping system (control). The results showed that the whole-year yield was 21 891–22 507 kg ha-1 in the double late-cropping system with 442–2 575 kg ha-1 more than that in control. In wheat cropping season, the yield of FS230 was slightly reduced with no significant difference form that of the control, but the yield of Yumai 49 significantly (P < 0.05) decreased by 291–305 kg ha-1. In the maize cropping season, yield increased by 747–2 700 kg ha-1, which highly compensated the yield loss of winter wheat. In the yield performance quantitative parameters, although the mean leaf area index, spike number, and grain number per spike of winter wheat decreased in the double late-cropping system, the mean net assimilation rate, harvest index, and grain weight were significantly (P < 0.05) promoted. Similarly, the mean leaf area index, harvest index, growth duration, and grain weight of maize significantly increased in the double late-cropping system. The light and temperature use efficiency were 2.22%–10.86% and 0.47%–11.56% higher in the double late-cropping system than in control. The results imply that the double late-cropping system has good performances on grain yield and resource use efficiency. The high whole-year yield and high production efficiency in double late-cropping system are mainly subject to the cropping season of maize, a C4 plant with high photosynthetic efficiency. Thus, based on late sowing, early-maturing wheat cultivars are suggested to be used in the double cropping system in North China, resulting in longer grain-filling period of the following maize crop and ultimately higher yield. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(19)

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Function and Expression Specificity Analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana Gene AT2G14260 WANG Fei-Fei, LI Yong, WANG Hua-Dong, ZHU Yan-Meng, CAI Hua, JI Wei, BAI Ti Acta Agron Sin    2011, 37 (11): 1984-1990.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.01984 Abstract （1870）      PDF（pc） （499KB）（4877）       Knowledge map    Save The AT2G14260 gene encodes proline iminopeptidase in Arabidopsis thaliana. Genechip expression profile indicate AT2G14260 responses to abiotic stress, such as high salt or cold. To analyze the function and expression specificity, we compared the wild type with mutants pip-1 under cold, drought and salt stresses. Under normal conditions, mutant plants showed similar growth performance with wild type plants. However, after stress treatments, mutant plants exhibited much shorter roots compared with wild type plants. In addition, the leaves of mutant plants were notably more yellow than wild-type leaves under drought stress. The average relative proline contents in wild type plants were 1.11, 1.23, 1.10, and 1.34 times of those in mutants. All these results showed that AT2G14260 gene plays an important role in plant tolerance to abiotic stress. Meanwhile, we isolated the gene promoter and constructed plant vector in which the GUS gene was expressed by AT2G14260 promoter, and then transformated into Arabidopsis thaliana. The results of the GUS staining revealed that the GUS gene did not express under normal conditions. After treatments, GUS gene expressed in the roots, stems and leaves of the transgenic seedlings at the two-leaf stage and the blooming stage, especially in the petals and flowers under drought stress or in the stigma under cold stress. Results of GUS relative activity measurement suggested this gene had the response ability to stress. Taken together, the promoter of AT2G14260 is stress inducible and tissue specific. Thus, AT2G14260 gene and its promoter have application potentials in genetic engineering. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of gene co-expression modules of maize plant height and ear height by WGCNA Juan MA, Yan-Yong CAO, Li-Feng WANG, Jing-Jing LI, Hao WANG, Yan-Ping FAN, Hui-Yong LI Acta Agronomica Sinica    2020, 46 (3): 385-394.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.93021 Abstract （1113）   HTML （25）    PDF（pc） （4874KB）（4819）       Knowledge map    Save Plant height (PH) and ear height (EH) are important factors for maize plant type and grain yield. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) is an important method to explain the relationships between gene network and complicated traits and identify the PH and EH associated genes. In this study, we used Zheng 58, Ye 478, Chang 7-2, Huangzaosi and its combinations Zhengdan 958, Anyu 5, Zheng 58/Huangzaosi, and Ye 478/Huangzaosi as materials and utilized transcriptome data under the planting densities of 45,000 plants hm -2and 67,500 plants hm -2 to construct a co-expression network by WGCNA, getting 24 and 21 co-expression modules, respectively. Among them, a total of 15 co-expression modules were significantly correlated with PH and EH, with the absolute correlation coefficients higher than 0.50. Six modules were overlapped between PH and EH. By gene function analysis, these overlapped modules were significantly enriched in development, photosynthesis, response to light stimulus, plant hormone, and carbohydrate biosynthesis/metabolism related activities. According to connectivity of genes in modules, AP2-EREBP transcription factor EREB14, thiaminase TENA2, phosphoglyceric kinase PGK, glutathione transferase GST2, and succinate dehydrogenase SUDH7 were considered as hub genes. From gene networks, EREB14 was connected with three known PH genes D8, DWF1, ZmGRF10, and C3H35 (C3H transcription factor), GATA4 (C2C2-GATA transcription factor), and ethylene homology ETR40. Reported PH genes An1 and GA20ox3 were also found in our co-expression modules. From the networks of the five known PH genes, ARF-transcription factor 7 (ARFTF7), ARFTF26, GST39, photosystem II oxygen evolving polypeptide PspB2, and photosystem I N subunit PasN1 had connections with these known PH genes. The identification of 15 co-expression modules and their hub genes, and analysis of their gene function and gene networks of key genes will be helpful for revealing the genetic basis of PH and EH. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of SSH Library with Different Stages of Seeds Development in Brassica napus L. PENG Qi,HU Yan,DU Pei-Fen,XIE Qing-Xuan,RUAN Ying,LIU Chun-Lin Acta Agron Sin    2009, 35 (9): 1576-1583.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2009.01576 Abstract （3638）      PDF（pc） （462KB）（4723）       Knowledge map    Save Mechanism of fatty acid metabolic is a significant research topic in rapeseed molecular breeding. There are six hundreds genes and ESTs associated with fatty acid metabolism, 14% of which are conformed to participate in acrylic-fatty acid metabolism, 86% of which are speculated on sequences similarity and conservative domain with other species. But compared to the situation in Arabidopsis thaliana, molecular regulation mechanism of fatty acid metabolism in rapeseed has been less reported. In harvested rapeseed seeds, there is difference in seed fatty acid components among different varieties or the same variety grown under different ecological conditions. To further explore the molecular mechanism of fatty acid metabolic regulation of Brassica napus L., we investigated the assimilation product transition during the seed development. The starch reached a peak content at 20 days after pollination (20DAP) and was used up quickly after 20DAP, immediately the fatty acids content rapidly increased from 30DAP to 35DAP. According to the results, 20DAP developing seeds and 35DAP developing seeds were chosen for suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH), which is an effective tool for picking out specific expression genes among different samples. Two libraries, 20DAP SSH library derived from 20DAP seed cDNA as tester and 35DAP seed cDNA as driver and 35DAP library from 20DAP seed cDNA as driver and 35DAP seed cDNA as tester were constructed. The two SSH libraries had a high quality with high suppression subtractive efficiency after tested by PCR and RT-PCR. A total of 489 clones were randomly selected from the two libraries for sequencing and 452 high quality sequences tags were obtained. Blast analysis and functional annotation showed that most of the genes in 20DAP SSH library were relative to carbohydrate metabolism, while those in 35DAP library relative to fatty acid metabolic regulation. Significantly, 5 function-unknown genes in 20DAP library and 7 in 35DAP library were found out. In summary, this work adds an extra layer of complexity to the regulation of starch-to-oil transition and at the same time the different genes, especially the function-unknown genes shed light on studies of molecular mechanism of fatty acid metabolic regulation in seeds of Brassica napus L. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(8)

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Identification, Cloning, and Potential Application of Genes Related to Somatic Embryogenesis in Plant Tissue Culture YE Xing-Guo, SHE Mao-Yun, WANG Ke, DU Li-Pu, XU Hui-Jun Acta Agron Sin    2012, 38 (02): 191-201.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2012.00191 Abstract （3731）      PDF（pc） （2584KB）（4688）       Knowledge map    Save Plant embryogenesis or organogenesis in vitro is a complicated asexual reproductive process consisting of many aspects such as phytohormone perception, dedifferentiation of differentiated cells to acquire organogenic competence, re-entry of quiescent cells into cell cycle, and organization of cell division to form specific organ primordia and meristems. In fact, plant regeneration is the result of multigenic interactions and regulatory controls, which are not only affected by plant hormones and other nutrients in the medium, but also showed a close relationship with the physiological state of explants. The effects of exogenous and endogenous hormones on plant regeneration and the regulation of exogenous hormones on endogenous hormones were reviewed in this paper. Research progresses on five classes of genes related to somatic embryogenesis were collectively described. They are somatic embryogenesis receptor-like kinase, arabinogalactan-proteins, nitrite reductase, auxin binding protein, and antioxidant enzyme. Regeneration associated genes are prospected to be potentially used in plant genetic breeding, whose applications will be involved in the improvement of plant regeneration efficiency and transformation efficiency, also in obtaining transgenic plants with bio-safety. However, main candidate genes related to regeneration might vary in different plants or tissues, or function through different pathways. Therefore, cloning and characterization of some important genes related to somatic embryogenesis or organogenesis should be strengthened in future. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(15)

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Cloning and Expression Analysis of cMDH Gene Related to Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Wheat  with Aegilops kotschyi Aytoplasm ZHANG Long-Yu,LI Hong-Xia,ZHANG Gai-Sheng,WANG Jun-Sheng,HAN Yan-Fen, Acta Agron Sin    2009, 35 (9): 1620-1627.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2009.01620 Abstract （3591）      PDF（pc） （654KB）（4680）       Knowledge map    Save Male sterility with Aegilops kotschyi cytoplasmhas a great application potential in hybrid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding for its stable sterility and broad-spectrum of restoring gene resources. To furtherreveal the genetic mechanism of male sterile with Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm, we employed a male sterile line ms (Kots)-90-110(A) and its near isogenic line BC4F1 (fertility restored by rk5451) to construct sterile and fertile cDNA libraries by suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) in binucleate stage of anther development. Comparative analysis of differentially expressed EST sequences revealed that one EST highly similar to cytosolic malate dehydrogenases gene was identified from the fertile SSH-cDNA library. Then, The EST sequence was used as a querying probe to blast the Genbank databases. Based on the assembled homologous cDNA sequence, both cDNA and DNA sequences encoding a cytosolic malate dehydrogenases were isolated and characterized by PCR and sequence analysis. Furthermore, expression characteristics of the gene between male sterile and fertile anthers were analyzed via real-time PCR. In this study, the cDNA sequence was 1213 bp in length and the open reading frame encoded a peptide of 333 amino acids. The DNA sequence was 2908 bp in length , which contained seven extrons and six introns. According to expression analysis, the expression of this gene in fertile anthers was much higher than that in sterile anthers at binucleate and trinucleate stage during anther development. The trend of MDH activity was consistent with the quantitative results between fertility and sterility. Therefore, the gene is conjectured to be an early expression gene and its down-regulated expression may affect energy supply during stamen growth in sterile line anthers resulting in male sterility in wheat. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Ridge & Terraced Cultivation on Rice Yield and Root Trait ZHENG Hua-Bin,YAO Lin,LIU Jian-Xia,HE Hui,CHEN Yang,HUANG Huang Acta Agron Sin    2014, 40 (04): 667-677.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2014.00667 Abstract （1174）   HTML （2）    PDF（pc） （15075KB）（4678）       Knowledge map    Save A field experiment was conducted in Changsha city of Hunan Province in 2011 and 2012 to find out a cultivation technique of ridge & terraced cultivation (RTC) for improving rice yield and root trait. Super hybrid rice Yliangyou 1, hybrid rice Shanyou 63 and conventional rice Huanghuazhan were used in the mid-rice season. The cultivation patterns were designed as ridge & terranced cultivation (T1, ridge width 60 cm; T2, ridge width 120 cm), bed cultivation (T3, bed width 70 cm; T4, bed width 140 cm; T5, bed width 230 cm), and traditional cultivation (T0). The characteristics of grain yield formation and root character under different cultivation patterns were analyzed. Results showed that ridge & terraced cultivation (T1) and bed cultivation (T3) could increase grain yield compared with traditional cultivation (T0), T1 had the highest yield, which was 22.2% (17.1%–27.2%) higher than that of T0, the next was T3, with the yield 10.4% (5.8%–15.0%) higher than that of T0. However, increasing range of yield declined gradually with the increase of ridge width or bed width. The important reason for increasing yield by using the two cultivation techniques was higher effective panicles and spikelets per panicles, better root trait (root oxidation ability, root surface absorption area and soil porosity) and higher dry matter accumulation after full heading stage. Meanwhile, root anatomical structureshowed that the thickness of root cortex was decreased and the size of root vascular cylinder and vessel areas was increased in RTC, so that the capacity of water absorption was enhanced. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(2)

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Research progress of seed dormancy and germination regulation SONG Song-Quan, TANG Cui-Fang, LEI Hua-Ping, JIANG Xiao-Cheng, WANG Wei-Qing, CHENG Hong-Yan Acta Agronomica Sinica    2024, 50 (1): 1-15.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.34012 Abstract （2649）   HTML （231）    PDF（pc） （3074KB）（4670）       Knowledge map    Save Dormancy enables plant seeds to time germination until environmental conditions become favorable for seedling survival and growth. The dormancy characteristics of seeds are of important ecological adaptive significance and notable agricultural value. Phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA) are the key factors for seed dormancy and germination. Mature seeds in dormancy state contain high levels of ABA and low levels of GA. ABA induces and maintains seed dormancy, while GA antagonizes ABA and promotes seed germination. DELAY OF GERMINATION-1 (DOG1) is a major regulator of seed dormancy and had a synergistic effect with ABA to delay germination. DOG1 enhances ABA signal transduction by combining with PP2C ABA hypersensitive germination (AHG1/AHG3), and inhibits the action of AHG1 to increase ABA sensitivity and impose seed dormancy. Imprinted genes are regulated by epigenetic mechanisms before and after fertilization, and are closely related to the establishment and release of seed dormancy. In recent years, remarkable progress has been made in the regulation of seed dormancy. In the present paper, we reviewed the effects of phytohormones ABA and GA on seed dormancy and germination, the action mechanism regulating seed dormancy by DOG1, and the epigenetic regulation of seed dormancy and germination. In addition, we also propose some scientific issues that need to be further investigated in this field to provide some information for understanding the molecular mechanism of seed dormancy and germination, breeding in anti-preharvest sprouting in crop plants, and promoting the germination of dormant seeds. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Association Analysis of Agronomic and Quality Traits with SSR Markers in Glycine max and Glycine soja in China: I. Population Structure and Associated Markers WEN Zi-Xiang;ZHAO Tuan-Jie;ZHENG Yong-Zhan;LIU Shun-Hu;WANG Chun-E;WANG Fang;GAI Jun-Yi Acta Agron Sin    2008, 34 (07): 1169-1178.   Abstract （3847）      PDF（pc） （1333KB）（4621）       Knowledge map    Save Association mapping is a procedure for detecting QTLs as well as their alleles based on linkage disequilibrium (LD). The genotyping data of 60 simple-sequence repeat (SSR) markers on representative samples of 393 landraces of Glycine max (L.) Merr. and 196 wild accessions of Glycine soja Sieb. et Zucc. were used in the present study. Linkage disequilibrium of pairwise loci and population structure were firstly analyzed for the two populations, then the association analysis between SSR loci and 16 agronomic and quality traits was performed by using TASSEL GLM (general linear model) program. The different degrees of LD were detected not only among syntenic markers but also among nonsyntenic ones, suggesting that there had been historical re-combination among linkage groups. The cultivated soybean population had more LD loci pairs than wild soybean population, while the later had higher degree and slower attenuation of LD than the former. Genetic structure analysis showed that both of the cultivated and wild populations were composed of nine and four subpopulations, respectively, which associated with their geo-graphic eco-types, indicating the classification of geographic eco-types was of sound genetic bases. Twenty seven and thirty four SSR loci associated with the traits were screened out from cultivated and wild populations, respectively. Some loci were found to associate with a same trait in both populations, and there existed both consistent and inconsistent association between the culti-vated and wild populations. There were a few loci associated with two or more traits simultaneously, which might be the genetic reason of correlation among traits or pleiotropic phenomena. In addition, twenty-four associated markers were in agreement with mapped QTLs from family-based linkage mapping procedure. Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(71)

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Real-time Quantitative PCR Detection of Genetically Modified Maximizerâ Maize and YieldGardâ Maize CHEN Ying;SU Ning;XU Bo-Liang;GE Yi-Qiang;WANG Shu-Guang Acta Agron Sin    2004, 30 (06): 602-607.   Abstract （2726）      PDF（pc） （175KB）（4610）       Knowledge map    Save A reliable and simple Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction method for detection of genetically modified maize with ABI Prism 7 700 was established in this paper. A set of PCR primers and probes was designed specific to transgenic commercial maize Mon 810 and Event 176. The detection limi Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(27)

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Molecular Mechanism of Plant Defense against Virus Attack HOU Jing,LIU Qing-Qing,XU Ming-Liang Acta Agron Sin    2012, 38 (05): 761-772.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2012.00761 Abstract （3209）      PDF（pc） （430KB）（4580）       Knowledge map    Save Viral diseases of plants seriously threaten the crop productivity. Many virus resistance genes are reported to play roles in restraining viral replication and preventing virus movement. The viral replication is a complex process which depends on virus-encoded proteins, host factors, and their interactions. Many host factors are actively engaged in viral replication, e.g. eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) and 4G (eIF4G), and plant endomembrane systems. The loss-of-function or conformational changes of these host factors may inhibit viral replication. Furthermore, thioredoxin can regulate cellular redox state to restrain viral replication. Virus movement involves cell-to-cell movement and long distance movement. Hypersensitive cell death is trigged through the perception of a pathogen avirulence factor (Avr) by the cognate plant resistance protein (R protein) to limit the viral cell to cell movement. Dominant plant R genes, characterized by TIR-NBS-LRR or CC-NBS-LRR, are generally responsible for such kind of defense response. There are many factors associated with the long distance virus movement, but only polymerized RTM protein in phloem was identified to limit viral long distance movement. In addition, RNA silencing also actively functions as an antiviral defense response. This review is aimed to summarize various mechanisms of plant defense against virus attack, and to analyze possible implementations of MAS, TILLING, and transgenic technologies in the improvement of virus disease resistance in crops. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(5)

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Physiological mechanisms in response to waterlogging during seedling stage of Brassica napus L. ZHOU Xiang-Yu, XU Jin-Song, XIE Ling-Li, XU Ben-Bo, ZHANG Xue-Kun Acta Agronomica Sinica    2024, 50 (4): 1015-1029.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.34116 Abstract （606）   HTML （30）    PDF（pc） （8172KB）（4522）       Knowledge map    Save The Yangtze River basin is the main producing area of rapeseeds in China, which is wet and rainy all the year round, and the rapeseed-rice rotation system is implemented in the producing area, resulting in frequent waterlogging. To explore the effects of waterlogging at seedling stage on phenotypic traits, physiological characteristics, photosynthesis, relative gene transcriptional levels, and the regulation of exogenous hormone inhibitors on rapeseed damage under waterlogging, a pot experiment was conducted, and the strong waterlogging tolerant line YZ12, medium waterlogging tolerant line YZ45, and weak waterlogging tolerant line YZ59 were used as the experimental materials. The results indicated that flooding stress severely inhibited the growth of rapeseed, and root activity could be used as an indicator to measure the impact of flooding stress on rapeseed growth. The observation of root cell ultrastructure showed that flooding stress led to plasmolysis and organelle fragmentation of rape root cells. The organelle of strong and medium waterlogging resistant rape was less damaged, and it could maintain a more normal cell morphology under flooding stress. The relative transcriptional levels of cytoskeletal genes Bnamicrotubule1.A3, Bnatubulin-α2.C3, Bnatubulin-β7.C6, and Bnalamin-like.A2 in rape roots were significantly decreased under flooding stress, which were 0.2-0.5 times that of the control (CK) samples. The relative expressional levels of BnaPDH.C9, BnaLDH.A1, and BnaADH.A7 associated to anaerobic respiration were significantly increased, which was 3-6 times higher than that of CK, and higher expression levels were observed in medium and strong waterlogging tolerant rapeseed seedlings than in weak waterlogging tolerant line YZ59. During waterlogging, the activities of POD and SOD increased first and then decreased, while the activity of CAT and the content of MDA increased. Among them, the enzyme activities of YZ12 line such as POD, SOD, CAT were relatively high, and the increase of MDA was small. The photosynthetic efficiency and chlorophyll content of rapeseed leaves were seriously affected by flooding stress. The chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of rapeseed decreased significantly, and the intercellular CO2 concentration increased significantly, and the change range of the weak waterlogging tolerant line YZ59 was larger than that of the other two lines. Under flooding stress, ET and ABA contents of rapeseed increased significantly. Among the three lines, YZ12 had higher ET content, while YZ59 had higher ABA content. The relative transcriptional levels of ET related genes BnaACO1.C8, BnaERF73.C6 were significantly up-regulated in the strong waterlogging tolerant line YZ12, while the relative transcriptional level of ABA-related gene BnaZEP.A7 was up-regulated in the weak waterlogging tolerant line YZ59. Exogenous application of hormone inhibitors could improve the damage of flooding stress to rapeseed, but the effects of different exogenous hormone inhibitors varied significantly. In conclusion, there were differences in physiological metabolism, photosynthesis, hormone, and gene transcriptional levels in response to flooding stress at seedling stage in B. napus with different waterlogging tolerance. B. napus responsed to flooding stress by regulating the relative transcription levels of genes related to cytoskeleton, anaerobic respiration, hormone metabolism, causing changes in antioxidant enzyme activity, hormone levels, photosynthetic efficiency, root ultrastructure and root vitality. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Global Genome Expression Analysis of Transcription Factors under PEG Osmotic Stress in Rice Root System MA Ting-Chen,CHEN Rong-Jun,YU Rong-Rong,ZENG Han-Lai,ZHANG Duan-Pin Acta Agron Sin    2009, 35 (6): 1030-1037.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2009.01030 Abstract （3000）      PDF（pc） （209KB）（4489）       Knowledge map    Save Transcription factors play an important role in plant stress tolerance. The Affymetrix rice genome arrays were used to research the expression change of transcription factors and their families in two rice cultivars with different levels of drought tolerance under PEG osmotic stress. Results showed that a total of 95 transcripts encoding transcription factors (24 transcripts were down-regulated and 71 transcripts were up-regulated at the transcription level) in Xingfengzao 119 and 129 transcripts (69 transcripts were down-regulated and 60 transcripts were up-regulated at the transcription level) in Aihua 5 were affected by PEG osmotic stress. Transcription factors transcripts in response to PEG osmotic stresses were belonged to 30 transcription factors families for each of two cultivars, but there was a difference between the two 30 families. The transcription factors transcripts for expressed cultivar specific-response to PEG osmotic stress, with 72 transcripts for Xingfengzao 119 and 106 for Aihua 5. There was an overlap of transcripts in response to PEG osmotic stress between Xingfengzao 119 and Aihua 5, with the 16 and 7 up-regulated and the down-regulated at the transcription level, respectively. Distribution of PEG osmotic stress regulating genes of two cultivars on rice chromosome was different and their transcripts overlapped were located in 0.432 to 26.139 Mb of chromosome 2 and 0.076 to 20.597 Mb of chromosome 5. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(4)

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Fungi diversity analysis of rhizosphere under drought conditions in cotton YUE Dan-Dan, HAN Bei, Abid Ullah, ZHANG Xian-Long, YANG Xi-Yan Acta Agronomica Sinica    2021, 47 (9): 1806-1815.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.04162 Abstract （666）   HTML （25）    PDF（pc） （3679KB）（4475）       Knowledge map    Save Plant rhizosphere microorganisms play important roles in plant growth and the adaptability of plants to adverse environmental stresses. In this study, cotton rhizosphere fungal communities were analyzed under drought conditions, aiming to explore the effects of drought stress on the diversity and community structures of cotton rhizosphere fungi, and to provide a theoretical basis for improving cotton water use efficiency by using beneficial microorganisms. Drought stress was applied to upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum cv. Jin 668) at flowering stage (SDP), while the soil without plants was also subjected to drought (SOPD). Simultaneously, the plants (SPN) and pots without plants (SNPN) regularly watered were used as controls. The soil samples were collected, the microbial DNA was isolated, and Illumina Miseq was conducted for a high-throughput sequencing of fungi ITS1 regions to study the diversity of the rhizosphere fungal communities. As a result, a total of 970 OTUs were identified, and the numbers of fungal OTUs in the samples of SNPN, SOPD, SPN, and SDP were 481, 528, 743, and 752, respectively, among which 288 OTUs were shared by all samples. The OTUs were classified to different levels of phyla, class, order, family, and genus of fungi. The rhizosphere fungal community of cotton was predominantly consisted of the phyla Ascomycota (82.70%) and Basidiomycota (10.15%). The abundance of Sordariomycetes, Sordariales, and Chaetomiaceae decreased, while the abundance of Eurotiales, Trichocomaceae, Aspergillus, and Penicillum increased significantly under drought stress. Moreover, the diversity of fungal community in the soil with cotton plants significantly higher than that in the soil without cotton plants. Meanwhile, the fungi community structures of SPN and SDP resembling each other and differing greatly from SNPN and SOPD. These results revealed that the cotton rhizosphere had a rich pool of fungal communities, and drought stress had a significant effect on the abundances and diversity of fungi in cotton rhizosphere. This study provided new insights for the researches of improving drought tolerance of cotton in terms of soil microorganisms. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Panting Density on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Changes of Carbon and Nitrogen in Leaf of Different Corn Hybrids CHEN Chuan-Yong, HOU Hai-Peng, LI Qiang, ZHU Ping, ZHANG Zhen-Yong, DONG Zhi-Qiang, Acta Agronomica Sinica    2010, 36 (05): 871-878.   Abstract （3214）      PDF（pc） （713KB）（4409）       Knowledge map    Save The main objective of this research was to analyse the effects of plant population on the dynamic changes of photosynthetic characteristics, soluble sugar content, carbon and nitrogen in corn leaf ( Zea mays L .). Field experiments were conducted in Gongzhuling, Jilin province. Three corn hybrids were cultivated at 60 000, 75 000, 90 000, and 105 000 plants ha -1. Treatments were arranged in a split-plot design with three replicates. Plant density was the main-plot and hybrids were the subplot. The chlorophyll content, photosynthetic characteristics, contents of carbon and nitrogen in corn leaf were measured at different stages, especially after silking. The results indicated thatthe chlorophyll content, the photosynthetic rate in grain filling stage, soluble sugar content, leaf total nitrogen decreased in all hybrids with the increase of plant density. It showed that transmission rate reduced, the leaf senescence accelerated, physical activity declined as plant density intensified. During the growth period, chlorophyll content was changed in a single peak curve, with the peak at grain filling. The peaks of carbon-nitrogen ratio appeared at silking and ripening respectively. The chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, soluble sugar content, ratio of carbon to nitrogen in corn leaf indicated a quadratic relationship with increasing days after silking. Total nitrogen in corn leaf decreased linearly in all hybrids as days after silking increased. High plant density had great effect on carbon metabolism. The chlorophyll content had no or little effect on the photosynthetic rate after silking. The results showed the dynamic changes of photosynthetic characteristics, contents of carbon and nitrogen were different as plant density intensified. The tolerance to planting density is Xianyu 335>Zhengdan 958>Jidan 209. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(46)

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Leaf Stay-Green Traits in Chinese Maize Inbred Lines and Their Relationship with Grain Yield LIU Kai-Chang,DONG Shu-Ting,ZHAO Hai-Jun,WANG Qing-Cheng,LI Zong-Xin,LIU Xia Acta Agron Sin    2009, 35 (9): 1662-1671.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2009.01662 Abstract （3700）      PDF（pc） （252KB）（4354）       Knowledge map    Save Leaf stay-green trait is one of the major targets in maize (Zea mays L.) breeding. Although sugar concentration in culm, green leaf number, leaf area, and chlorophyll content at maturity have been used to evaluate the stay-green trait of maize in earlier studies, there is no a common criterion. To further study the evaluation system for stay-green in maize and disclose the relationship of stay-green with grain yield, we sampled 75 inbred lines from common parents of Chinese maize cultivars. At silking stage and 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 d after silking, the leaf area (LA), leaf area duration (LAD), relative leaf area, and relative green-leaf area (RGLA) were measured. The results showed that the changes of RGLA after silking accorded with the equation of y = aeb-cx/ (1+eb-cx). On the basis of correlation analysis, the green leaf number, chlorophyll content at physiological maturity, and mean decreasing rate of RGLA (Vm) were selected as the key indices to discriminate the stay-green and non-stay-green maize genotypes. According to relative green leaf area at physiological maturity (MRGLA), the maximum decrease rate of RGLA (Vmax), and the mean decreasing rate of RGLA (Vm), the 75 inbred lines were classified into stay-green and non-stay-green two types with Hiechical clustering analysis. The stay-green type was composed of 12 inbred lines with the following common characteristics: MRGLA of more than 60%, Vm of 0.687% d-1, no significant decrease of RGLA during the whole growing period (67.07% at maturity), and high green leaf number (8.8 leaves) and chlorophyll content (4.43 mg dm-2) at physiological maturity. The non-stay-green type, consisting of 63 inbred lines, was further categorized with quick-leaf-senescence (50 inbred lines) and slow-leaf-senescence (13 inbred lines) subgroups. In the quick- and slow-leaf senescence subgroups, the RGLA at maturity, Vm, green leaf number at maturity, and chlorophyll content at maturity were 17.75% and 33.55%, 1.89% d-1 and 1.44% d-1, 3.2 and 6.2, and 2.06 mg dm-2 and 3.17 mg dm-2, respectively. At physiological maturity, the RGLA was positively correlated with LAD (r= 0.8861, P < 0.01) and yield per plant (r = 0.8221, P < 0.01). The LAD and yield per plant were 20.02–23.87% and 50.44–59.38% higher in the stay-green type than in the non-stay-green type, respectively. Thus, the stay-green type had higher yield potential due to larger green leaf area, higher chlorophyll content and photosynthesis efficiency as well as longer photosynthesis duration. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(29)

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Arabidopsis bZIP1 Transcription Factor Binding to the ABRE Cis-Element Regulates Abscisic Acid Signal Transduction SUN Xiao-Li, LI Yong, CA Hua, BAI Xi, JI Wei, JI Zuo-Jun, ZHU Yan-Meng Acta Agron Sin    2011, 37 (04): 612-619.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.00612 Abstract （3310）      PDF（pc） （454KB）（4353）       Knowledge map    Save Abscisic acid (ABA) is a phytohormone and mediates the response and adaptation of higher plants to various environmental stresses during vegetative growth. The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors are also important regulators of plant development and abiotic resistance, acting through either ABA-dependent or ABA-independent mechanisms. In this study, we investigated and characterized the involvement of the AtbZIP1 gene in plant responsiveness to ABA. As confirmed by PCR and RT-PCR, AtbZIP1 has been silenced in mutant Arabidopsis ko-1 (SALK_059343) and ko-2 (SALK_069489C). The AtbZIP1 knockout plants demonstrated reduced sensitivity to ABA both at the seed germination stage and the seedling stage, with improvements in rates of germination, leaf opening/greening and primary root length. In order to investigate whether the regulation of AtbZIP1-mediated ABA responsiveness depended on the ABA-responsive elements (ABRE), we expressed the AtbZIP1 HIS6 fusion protein in E. coli andfound that the AtbZIP1 HIS6 specifically bound to the ABRE cis-elements. Semi-quantitive RT PCR showed that AtbZIP1 disruption altered expressions of some ABA responsive genes such as NCED3, RD22, KIN1, and RD29A. Our results indicated that AtbZIP1 regulates abscisic acid signal transduction by binding to the ABREs and altered the expressions of the ABA responsive genes. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(8)